備戰(zhàn)中考初中代詞知識點(diǎn)

精選精選備戰(zhàn)中考之初中代詞知識點(diǎn)1．代詞的作用嚴(yán)格地講，代詞是取代名詞的，在句子中起名詞的作用，可用作：1）主語Thisisournewhome.這是我們的新家。Whoisonthephone?誰在打電話？2）賓語Takegoodcareofyourself.多多珍重。Weshouldhelpeachother.我們應(yīng)相互幫助。3）表語That’snotmine.那不是我的。Whoisit?—It’sme.誰呀？—是我。4）同位語Webothliveinthedormitory.我們兩人都住宿舍。Heatethemall.他把它們?nèi)粤恕?）呼語Bepatient,everybody.大家都耐心點(diǎn)。2．代詞的分類代詞平?？煞譃橐韵掳祟悾?）人稱代詞（I,you,he,we等）2）物主代詞（our,your,their,his等）3）反身代詞（myself,ourselves,yourself,itself等）4）相互代詞（eachother,oneanother）5）指示代詞（this,that,these,those等）6）疑問代詞（who,what,which,whose等）7）關(guān)系代詞（who,that,which,whose等）8）不定代詞（both,all,some,any等）二、要點(diǎn)知識概括及解說（一）人稱代詞1．人稱代詞的單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)和主格、賓格數(shù)格單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱主格賓語主格賓格第一人稱I我mewe我們us第二人稱you你youyou你們youhe他him他們them第三人稱she她herthey她們it它it它們2．人稱代詞的用法1）人稱代詞的主格在句子中充任主語IamstudyingEnglishnow.我此刻正在學(xué)英語。Weloveourcountry.我們熱愛我們的國家。假如有幾個人稱代詞并列充任主語，它們的次序是：單數(shù)形式y(tǒng)ou,heandI1/8精選精選復(fù)數(shù)形式we,youandthey2）人稱代詞的賓語在句子中充任賓語、介詞賓語或表語。Canyouhelpus?你能幫助我們嗎？Wearewaitingforthem.我們正在等他們。Whoisthere?It’sme.是誰呀？是我。（二）物主代詞物主代詞用來表示人和物之間的全部關(guān)系，這種代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種，并有不同樣的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)之分。2．形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的主要用法差別1）形容詞性物主代詞不可以獨(dú)立使用，只作定語，用來修飾后邊的名詞。Myparentsarebothdoctors.我的父親母親都是醫(yī)生。Wesawafilmyesterday.ItsnamewasSpeed.我們昨天看了一場電影，片名是《存亡時速》。2）名詞性物主代詞應(yīng)獨(dú)立使用，后邊不跟名詞，相當(dāng)于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞，它們在句中可以作主語、賓語或表語。Isthisherpen?No,hersisred.（主語）這是她的鋼筆嗎？不，她的是紅色的。Let’scleantheirroomfirst,andthencleanours.（賓語）我們先打掃他們的房間，此后再打掃我們的。Theselettersarehis.（表語）這些信是他的。（三）反身代詞反身代詞用來表示反射或重申。1．反身代詞的形式人稱一二三單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2．反身代詞的用法1）在句子中作賓語，表示動作回射到動作的履行者自己。Mygrandmotheristoooldtolookafterherself.我奶奶年齡太大了，照料不了她自己。LeiFengwasalwaysreadytohelpothers,heneverthoughtofhimself.雷鋒老是樂于幫助他人，從不考慮自己。2）在句中作名詞或代詞的同位語，用來增強(qiáng)語氣，?？勺g為“親身”、“自己”等。在這種狀況下，反身代詞可以緊跟名詞或代詞今后，也可以放到句末。Weourselveswillbuildthefactory.我們將自己建筑這個工廠。Hespoketomemyself.他對我自己說話。3）反身代詞在實(shí)質(zhì)運(yùn)用中可組成好多常用詞組。byoneself親身foroneself為自己calloneself稱自己teachoneself自學(xué)helponeselfto任意吃loseoneself迷路speaktooneself喃喃自語seatoneself就座makeoneselfunderstood讓他人懂得自己的意思（四）指示代詞指示代詞是表示“這個”、“那個”、“這些”、“那些”等指示見解的代詞，如：this,that,these,those等。英語中指示代詞的用法同漢語中的狀況相像。this和these一般用來指較近的事物，that和those則指較遠(yuǎn)的事物。指示代詞可以充任句子中的主語、定語、賓語或表語。2/8精選精選Thisisadifficultquestion.這是個難題。Thatbasketballisn’tours.那個籃球不是我們的。Doyoulikethese?你喜愛這些嗎？（五）不定代詞不定代詞是不指明朝替任何特命名詞的代詞。1．不定代詞有以下形式：some,somebody,someone,something,any,anybody,anyone,anything,nobody,nothing,all,both,neither,none,either,each,everybody,everyone,everything,other,another,much,one2．不定代詞在句子中的作用：1）作主語Everyonehascome.Let’sbegin.大家都到了，我們開始吧。Bothofhisparentsaredoctors.他的父親母親都是醫(yī)生。Oneistheteacher,theothersarestudents.一人是老師，其余的是學(xué)生。2）作賓語Thisoneistoosmall,pleaseshowmeanother.這個太小，請其余拿一個給我看看。Pleaseintroducemetotheothers.請把我介紹給全部其余的人。3）作表語That’sallfortoday.今日就到這兒吧。It’stoomuchforme.這件事非我力所能及。3．常有不定代詞的用法解說1）some和anya．some常用于必然句，any多用于否認(rèn)句，疑問句或條件狀語從句，二者都可以取代可數(shù)或不可以數(shù)名詞。Somesayyesandsomesayno.有的人說是，有的人說不是。Idon’tlikeanyofthem.我對他們一個也不喜愛。Doesanyofthemknowthis?他們中間有誰知道嗎？b．假如在發(fā)問時希望對方必然回答，或激勵他人說yes時，疑問句中的不定代詞要用some，不用any。Wouldyoulikesomeofthetickets?你想要些票嗎？c．在重申“任何一個”意思的時候，any也可用于必然句。Youcantakeanyofthenewspapershere.你可以拿這兒任何一份報紙。2）either和neithereither用于必然，neither用于否認(rèn)，二者均限于兩個個體的狀況。Youcanseetalltreesoneitheroftheriverbanks.在河的兩岸你們能看到高大的樹。Neitherofthemwantstoseethefilmwithme.他們兩個誰也不想和我去看電影。3）one和ones（one的復(fù)數(shù)形式）one可以指某人，人人或某物，也可以用來取代上文中說起的可數(shù)名詞，以防范用詞的重復(fù)。當(dāng)one指人時，其反身代詞為oneself，全部格形式是one’s。Oneshouldfollowthelaws.人人應(yīng)當(dāng)恪守紀(jì)律。Theoneinredisourmonitor.穿紅衣服的那位是我們的班長。Shanghaihasalotofnewbuildings,butitalsohasmanyoldones.上海有好多新的建筑物，也有好多老的建筑物。4）復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞是由some,any,no,every同body，one,thing等詞組成的代詞。復(fù)合不定代詞3/8精選精選都可看作單數(shù)，表示“某人”或“某物”，并在句中作主語、賓語或表語。同some和any在用法上的差別同樣，some,someone和something一般用于必然句，anybody,anyone和anything一般用于否認(rèn)句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中。Wewantsomebodytohelpus.我們想要有人來幫助我們。Haveyoufoundanythinghere?你們在這兒發(fā)現(xiàn)什么了嗎？Ifanyonecomestovisitus,tellhimwehavegonetothecinema.有人來訪就告訴去電影院了。表示人的復(fù)合不定代詞后邊都可以加’s組成全部格。Somebody’swallethasjustbeenstolen.有人的錢包剛剛被偷了。復(fù)合不定代詞要求后置定語。Wewillhavesomethingimportanttodothisafternoon.今日下午我們有些重要事情要做。（六）疑問代詞疑問代詞是用來組成特別疑問句的代詞，如who,whom,whose,what和which等。在疑問句中，疑問代詞一般都放在句首，并在句中充任主語、賓語、表語或定語。Whoisyourmathsteacher?（表語）誰是你們的數(shù)學(xué)老師？Whosebagisthat?（定語）那是誰的書包？WhoteachesyouEnglish?（主語）誰教你們英語？Whomareyoutalkingabout?（賓語）你們在談?wù)撜l？（七）相互代詞相互代詞是表示互有關(guān)系的代詞，其形式以下表。主格和賓格全部格eachothereachother’soneanotheroneanother’s在今世英語中，eachother和oneanother意思上沒有差別，它們在句中可以作賓語，其全部格可以作定語。比方：Doyouoftenhelpeachother?你們常常相互幫助嗎？Weareinterestedinoneanother’swork.我們對相互的工作感興趣。講堂練習(xí)選擇填空：1．Thisdictionaryisnothers.It’s_______.A.IB.meC.mineD.my2.---Isthis______magazine?---No,itisn’t.It’s________.A.your,herB.hers,mineC.yours,hersD.your,hers3.Therearetwobooksonthedesk.Oneisamathsbook,_______isanEnglishbook.A.othersB.otherC.theotherD.another4._______ofthegirlsplaystenniswell.A.NeitherB.BothC.AllD.Some5.Maryspeaksveryquickly._______isdifficulttounderstandwhatsheissaying.A.ThatB.sheC.ItD.There6.Theschoolwasbuiltbythevillagers_______.A.usB.ourselvesC.themD.themselves7.Heputafingerinto______mouthandsuckedit.4/8精選精選A.hisB.heC.himD.his’s8.Heisalwaysreadytohelp______.A.anotherB.othersC.theotherD.other9.Let_______dothisexercisemyself.A.himB.herC.usD.me10.Haveyou_______totellus?A.importantsomethingB.somethingimportantC.importantanythingD.anythingimportantImetanoldfriendof______on______wayhome.A.mine,myB.my,theC.mine,aD.mine,the______ofthestudentsinourclasshasaticket.A.EveryB.BothC.EachD.AllThereareseveralbooksonthedesk.._____ofthemisEnglish.A.AllB.BothC.NoneD.Neither_______liveinShanghai.A.WeB.OurC.OursD.Ourselves---Isthis______jacket?---Yes,it’s_______.A.her,herB.her,hersC.hers,herD.hers,hers---_______isthatboy?---He’smyson.A.WhoB.WhomC.WhatD.Which17._______humans______animalscanlivewithoutair.A.Both,andB.Neither,norC.Either,orD.Notonly,butalsoTheyhavetwenty-sixdesksintheclassroom.Oneisfortheteacher,______areforthestudents.A.theotherB.otherC.theothersD.othersMydictionaryisinmybag.Whereis_______?A.yoursB.youC.yourselfD.yourIthinkyoucandothejob______.A.yourselfB.myselfC.himselfD.your---WhichjacketisMary’s?---Theredoneis_______.A.sheB.herC.hersD.hisMyunclewassoangrythathewasno______whenhefoundIwasbeatinghisdog.A.himB.hisC.himselfD.heTherearemanytreeson______sideofthestreet.A.allB.bothC.everyD.each_____isimportantforustokeepthebalanceofnature.A.ThereB.ThatC.ThisD.ItShecan’tfind______watch.A.hersB.itC.herD.it’sThereis______milkintheglass.A.manyB.littleC.fewD.afewPleasepass______thecapoftea.A.meB.myC.mineD.IHaveyouheardfrom______recently?5/8精選精選A.themB.theyC.themselvesD.theirThereis_____waterinthebottle.A.notB.someC.anyD.manyThereisn’t______foodleftonthetable.A.manyB.fewC.muchD.littleSorry,Ican’tansweryourquestion.Iknow______aboutthenews.A.alittleB.littleC.fewD.afewThisishisschoolbag,______isonthedesk.A.myB.yoursC.yourD.you33.Wemadetheradio______.A.usB.ourselvesC.myselfD.ourWouldpleasegiveme______hottea?A.oneB.littleC.someD.any---Wouldyoulikesomemilkinyourtea?---Yes,just_______.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.fewThisquestionissodifficultthat______studentscananswerit.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittleTheyhaveonly_________homeworkforSunday.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittleTheytoldusabouttheirschoolandwetoldthemabout_______.A.weB.usC.ourD.oursThisbluesuitlooksbetterthanthegreen________.A./B.oneC.suitsD.ones40._________isyourfather,aworkerorateacher?A.HowB.WhichC.WhatD.Who課后堅(jiān)固1．---Whosepaintingisthis?It’sreallywonderful!---Oh,it’snot________.It’s_________.A.hers;yourB.mine;Elsa’sC.yours;he’sD.his;my2．_________ofthetwinswenttowatchPekingOperalastSunday.Theywerestayingathomeallthatday.A.EitherB.BothC.NeitherD.One3．TheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Thereare__________newwordsinit.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few4．Thisrulerismine.__________isoverthere.A.SheB.She’sC.HerD.Hers5．I’lltellyou________newsaboutthesportsmeeting.A.manyB.someC.afew6．Alltheboyswereverytired,but_______ofthemwouldtakearest.A.allB.neitherC.anyD.none7．EverydayMr.Huchecks_________homeworkandcorrectsthemistakeswemake.A.hisB.herC.ourD.its8．---Whenshallwemeetagain,thisafternoonortonight?---Idon’tmind._________timeisOK.6/8精選精選A.EitherB.EveryC.NeitherD.Both9．Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisaworker;________isateacher.A.anotherB.otherC.othersD.theother10．Pass_________theknife,please.Mypencilisbroken.A.IB.meC.myD.mine11．---Whichdoyouprefer,orangejuiceorcoke?_________,thanks.I’dlikejustacupoftea.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None12．Bobcouldn’tbuythedictionarybecausehehad_________moneywithhim.A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little13．Thisisnotmydictionary.It’s________.A.herB.hisC.yourD.their14．---Oh!Icamenahurryandforgottobringfood.Nevermind.Youcanhave_________.A.usB.oursC.youD.yours15．---Thewatchissonice!Isitfor________?Yes.Happybirthday.Mary!Thankyouverymuch.A.hisB.meC.myD.hers16．---MayIuseyourpen?Yes,herearetwoandyoucanuse________ofthem.A.bothB.everyC.anyD.either17．---Whosebookisthis?It’s________.A.myB.mineC.meD.I18．---HowmanymoreorangescanIhave?Youcanhaveonemore.__________areforTom.A.TheothersB.AnotherC.OthersD.The