高考英語二輪培優(yōu)復(fù)習(xí)專題三閱讀理解第二講主旨大意題課件

第二講│

主旨大意題第二講│主旨大意題一、題型解讀總結(jié)段落大意主旨大意題考點(diǎn)1精確歸納標(biāo)題考點(diǎn)2概括文章大意考點(diǎn)3總結(jié)段落大意一、題型解讀總結(jié)段落大意主旨大意題考點(diǎn)1精確歸納標(biāo)題考點(diǎn)2概二、

設(shè)問方式解答主旨大意題時(shí)要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句，要注意貫穿文章始終的詞語。1.標(biāo)題歸納類主旨大意題的主要設(shè)題形式·Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?·Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?·Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideaofthepassageis________.·Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis________.·Whatwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?·Thesuitabletitleofthepassagemaybe________.二、設(shè)問方式解答主旨大意題時(shí)要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首2.文章大意類主旨大意題的主要設(shè)題形式·Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?·Thepassageismainlyabout________.·Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?·Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthepassage?·Whatdoesthepassagemainlydealwith?2.文章大意類主旨大意題的主要設(shè)題形式·Whatisth3.段落大意類主旨大意題的主要設(shè)題形式·Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisprobablythat________.·Whatisthelastparagraphchieflyconcernedwith?·WhatdoesthewritertrytoexpressinParagraph3?·WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizeParagraph1?·WhatisthemainideadiscussedinParagraph2?3.段落大意類主旨大意題的主要設(shè)題形式·Themaini三、選項(xiàng)特征1.主旨大意題正確選項(xiàng)的特征(1)涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文或全段。(2)確定的范圍恰當(dāng)，既不太大，也不太小。(3)精確性強(qiáng)，能恰當(dāng)?shù)乇磉_(dá)原文的主題和中心思想。三、選項(xiàng)特征(1)涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文或全段。2.主旨大意題干擾選項(xiàng)的特征(1)過于籠統(tǒng)，不知所云。所給選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容歸納、概括的范圍過大，超出文章所述內(nèi)容。(2)以偏概全，主次不分。所給選項(xiàng)只闡述了文章的一部分內(nèi)容，或以文章中的細(xì)節(jié)信息或個(gè)別詞作為選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置內(nèi)容，或以次要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)充當(dāng)全文的主要觀點(diǎn)。(3)移花接木，偷換概念。所給選項(xiàng)被命題者有意識地把本屬于A的內(nèi)容放在B上，若不留神，極易選錯(cuò)答案。(4)無中生有，生搬硬套。所給選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞語雖然在文章中談到了，但經(jīng)過仔細(xì)閱讀分析之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與文章的內(nèi)容毫無聯(lián)系。2.主旨大意題干擾選項(xiàng)的特征(1)過于籠統(tǒng)，不知所云。所給選[典例]

(2016·江蘇高考·閱讀D)Notsolongago，mostpeopledidn’tknowwhoShelly-AnnFraser-Prycewasgoingtobecome.Shewasjustanaveragehighathlete.TherewaseveryindicationthatshewasjustanotherJamaicanteenagerwithoutmuchofafuture.However，onepersonwantedtochangethis.StephenFrancisobservedtheneighteen-year-oldShelly-Annatatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.Hertimeswerenotexactlyimpressive，butevenso，hesensedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout，somethingthe精確歸納標(biāo)題[典例](2016·江蘇高考·閱讀D)精確歸納標(biāo)題othercoacheshadoverlookedwhentheyhadassessedherandfoundherlacking.HedecidedtoofferShelly-Annaplaceinhisverystricttrainingsessions.Theircooperationquicklyproducedresults，andafewyearslateratJamaica’sOlympictrialsinearly2008，Shelly-Ann，whoatthattimeonlyrankednumber70intheworld，beatJamaica’sunchallengedqueenofthesprint(短跑).othercoacheshadoverlookedw70.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMakingofaGreatAthleteB.TheDreamforChampionshipC.TheKeytoHighPerformanceD.ThePowerofFullResponsibility答案A

[主旨大意題。首先，根據(jù)題干可以確定本題為標(biāo)題歸納類主旨大意題。整篇文章介紹了牙買加短跑明星弗萊瑟-普利斯由一名不為人知的中學(xué)普通運(yùn)動(dòng)員成長為奧運(yùn)會金牌得主的故事。成名后，弗萊瑟-普利斯并沒有止步不前，而是計(jì)劃為祖國做更多的事情。所以A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)偉大的運(yùn)動(dòng)員的造就”能覆蓋全文，恰當(dāng)?shù)乇磉_(dá)原文的主題和中心思想。]70.Whatisthebesttitlefor【技巧點(diǎn)撥】如何精確歸納標(biāo)題？1.利用主題段來概括標(biāo)題主題段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般來說第一段經(jīng)常提出文章的主題或最后一段總結(jié)文章的主題，知道了文章的主題也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句話或一個(gè)短語——文章的標(biāo)題?！炯记牲c(diǎn)撥】如何精確歸納標(biāo)題？1.利用主題段來概括標(biāo)題主題段2.利用主題句來概括標(biāo)題解題的關(guān)鍵是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意貫穿文章始終的詞語。通過尋找文章的主題句，并對主題句進(jìn)行概括和提煉，從而確定文章的標(biāo)題。3.做此類題時(shí)，要避免以下三種錯(cuò)誤：(1)概括不夠(多表現(xiàn)為部分替代整體，從而縮小了范圍)；(2)過度概括(多表現(xiàn)為人為擴(kuò)大范圍)；(3)以事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)替代文章大意。2.利用主題句來概括標(biāo)題解題的關(guān)鍵是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要[典例]

(2016·江蘇高考·閱讀B)Chimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways，likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings，theyhavelittleinstinct(本能)tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren，whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.概括文章大意[典例](2016·江蘇高考·閱讀B)概括文章大意Inthelaboratory，chimpsdon’tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor，withnogreatereffort，aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage，hewillpullatrandom—hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.Humanchildren，ontheotherhand，arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages，theydesiretohelpothers，toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor，almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.Inthelaboratory，chimpsdon’tThereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp，informandsharearenottaught，butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive(認(rèn)知的)skills，atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello，thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.ThereareseveralreasonstobThecoreofwhatchildren’smindshaveandchimps’don’tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat，evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”，agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.Thecoreofwhatchildren’smi60.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildrenB.waystotrainchildren’ssharedintentionalityC.cooperationasadistinctivehumannatureD.thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren答案C

[主旨大意題。本文屬于科普說明文。作者從猩猩的自私行為導(dǎo)入到人類無私幫助他人的本能，分析了人類愿意幫助他人、愿意與他人合作的本能的原因。A、B、D項(xiàng)都屬于文章的部分內(nèi)容，并非心中思想。故C項(xiàng)正確。]60.Thepassageismainlyabout【技巧點(diǎn)撥】如何概括文章大意？1.做概括文章大意題時(shí)，有效的方法就是辨認(rèn)主題句。主題句具有簡潔性、概括性的特點(diǎn)，文章的中心思想往往是每段主題句的綜合。若文章無主題句，這就需要我們依據(jù)文中的事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)、觀點(diǎn)去進(jìn)行分析、推斷和歸納，從而概括出文章大意。2.在選擇答案時(shí)，根據(jù)自己總結(jié)的大意，就可以用排除法將干擾項(xiàng)逐個(gè)排除?！炯记牲c(diǎn)撥】如何概括文章大意？1.做概括文章大意題時(shí)，有效的[典例]

Mostpositiveemotionsareassociatedwithapproachbehaviour：wemoveclosertopeoplewelike.Mostnegativeemotions，incontrast，areassociatedwithavoidancebehaviour：wemoveawayfrompeopleandthingsthatwedislikeorthatmakeusanxious.Butangerisanexceptiontothispattern.Theangrierweare，themorelikelywearetomovetowardstheobjectofouranger.Thiscorrespondstowhatpsychologistsrefertoasoffensive

anger：theangrypersonmovescloserinordertoinfluenceandcontrolthepersonorsituationcausinghisanger.Thisapproach-and-confrontbehaviourisaccompaniedbyaleftwardprefrontalasymmetry(不對稱)ofEEGactivity.Interestingly，thisasymmetrylessensiftheangrypersoncanexperienceempathy(同感)towardsthe總結(jié)段落大意[典例]Mostpositiveemotionsarindividualwhoisbringingforththeangryresponse.Indefensive

anger，incontrast，theEEGasymmetryisdirectedtotherightandtheangrypersonfeelshelplessinthefaceoftheanger-inspiringsituation.64.Whatisthekeymessageofthelastparagraph?A.Howangerdiffersfromotheremotions.B.Howangerrelatestootheremotions.C.Behaviouralresponsestoanger.D.Behaviouralpatternsofanger.答案D

[段落大意題。根據(jù)本段第三句“Butangerisanexceptiontothispattern.”以及下面對憤怒形式的描述可確定D項(xiàng)正確。]individualwhoisbringingfor【技巧點(diǎn)撥】如何總結(jié)段落大意？段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想會在首句體現(xiàn)出來，這就是常說的段落主題句。主題句具有鮮明的概括性，句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，段落中其他句子均用來解釋、支撐或擴(kuò)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想。主題句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有時(shí)作者沒有寫出明顯的主題句，要學(xué)會根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容去概括主題句?！炯记牲c(diǎn)撥】如何總結(jié)段落大意？段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通第二講│

主旨大意題第二講│主旨大意題一、題型解讀總結(jié)段落大意主旨大意題考點(diǎn)1精確歸納標(biāo)題考點(diǎn)2概括文章大意考點(diǎn)3總結(jié)段落大意一、題型解讀總結(jié)段落大意主旨大意題考點(diǎn)1精確歸納標(biāo)題考點(diǎn)2概二、

設(shè)問方式解答主旨大意題時(shí)要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句，要注意貫穿文章始終的詞語。1.標(biāo)題歸納類主旨大意題的主要設(shè)題形式·Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?·Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?·Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideaofthepassageis________.·Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis________.·Whatwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?·Thesuitabletitleofthepassagemaybe________.二、設(shè)問方式解答主旨大意題時(shí)要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首2.文章大意類主旨大意題的主要設(shè)題形式·Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?·Thepassageismainlyabout________.·Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?·Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthepassage?·Whatdoesthepassagemainlydealwith?2.文章大意類主旨大意題的主要設(shè)題形式·Whatisth3.段落大意類主旨大意題的主要設(shè)題形式·Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisprobablythat________.·Whatisthelastparagraphchieflyconcernedwith?·WhatdoesthewritertrytoexpressinParagraph3?·WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizeParagraph1?·WhatisthemainideadiscussedinParagraph2?3.段落大意類主旨大意題的主要設(shè)題形式·Themaini三、選項(xiàng)特征1.主旨大意題正確選項(xiàng)的特征(1)涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文或全段。(2)確定的范圍恰當(dāng)，既不太大，也不太小。(3)精確性強(qiáng)，能恰當(dāng)?shù)乇磉_(dá)原文的主題和中心思想。三、選項(xiàng)特征(1)涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文或全段。2.主旨大意題干擾選項(xiàng)的特征(1)過于籠統(tǒng)，不知所云。所給選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容歸納、概括的范圍過大，超出文章所述內(nèi)容。(2)以偏概全，主次不分。所給選項(xiàng)只闡述了文章的一部分內(nèi)容，或以文章中的細(xì)節(jié)信息或個(gè)別詞作為選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置內(nèi)容，或以次要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)充當(dāng)全文的主要觀點(diǎn)。(3)移花接木，偷換概念。所給選項(xiàng)被命題者有意識地把本屬于A的內(nèi)容放在B上，若不留神，極易選錯(cuò)答案。(4)無中生有，生搬硬套。所給選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞語雖然在文章中談到了，但經(jīng)過仔細(xì)閱讀分析之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與文章的內(nèi)容毫無聯(lián)系。2.主旨大意題干擾選項(xiàng)的特征(1)過于籠統(tǒng)，不知所云。所給選[典例]

(2016·江蘇高考·閱讀D)Notsolongago，mostpeopledidn’tknowwhoShelly-AnnFraser-Prycewasgoingtobecome.Shewasjustanaveragehighathlete.TherewaseveryindicationthatshewasjustanotherJamaicanteenagerwithoutmuchofafuture.However，onepersonwantedtochangethis.StephenFrancisobservedtheneighteen-year-oldShelly-Annatatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.Hertimeswerenotexactlyimpressive，butevenso，hesensedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout，somethingthe精確歸納標(biāo)題[典例](2016·江蘇高考·閱讀D)精確歸納標(biāo)題othercoacheshadoverlookedwhentheyhadassessedherandfoundherlacking.HedecidedtoofferShelly-Annaplaceinhisverystricttrainingsessions.Theircooperationquicklyproducedresults，andafewyearslateratJamaica’sOlympictrialsinearly2008，Shelly-Ann，whoatthattimeonlyrankednumber70intheworld，beatJamaica’sunchallengedqueenofthesprint(短跑).othercoacheshadoverlookedw70.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMakingofaGreatAthleteB.TheDreamforChampionshipC.TheKeytoHighPerformanceD.ThePowerofFullResponsibility答案A

[主旨大意題。首先，根據(jù)題干可以確定本題為標(biāo)題歸納類主旨大意題。整篇文章介紹了牙買加短跑明星弗萊瑟-普利斯由一名不為人知的中學(xué)普通運(yùn)動(dòng)員成長為奧運(yùn)會金牌得主的故事。成名后，弗萊瑟-普利斯并沒有止步不前，而是計(jì)劃為祖國做更多的事情。所以A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)偉大的運(yùn)動(dòng)員的造就”能覆蓋全文，恰當(dāng)?shù)乇磉_(dá)原文的主題和中心思想。]70.Whatisthebesttitlefor【技巧點(diǎn)撥】如何精確歸納標(biāo)題？1.利用主題段來概括標(biāo)題主題段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般來說第一段經(jīng)常提出文章的主題或最后一段總結(jié)文章的主題，知道了文章的主題也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句話或一個(gè)短語——文章的標(biāo)題?！炯记牲c(diǎn)撥】如何精確歸納標(biāo)題？1.利用主題段來概括標(biāo)題主題段2.利用主題句來概括標(biāo)題解題的關(guān)鍵是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意貫穿文章始終的詞語。通過尋找文章的主題句，并對主題句進(jìn)行概括和提煉，從而確定文章的標(biāo)題。3.做此類題時(shí)，要避免以下三種錯(cuò)誤：(1)概括不夠(多表現(xiàn)為部分替代整體，從而縮小了范圍)；(2)過度概括(多表現(xiàn)為人為擴(kuò)大范圍)；(3)以事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)替代文章大意。2.利用主題句來概括標(biāo)題解題的關(guān)鍵是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要[典例]

(2016·江蘇高考·閱讀B)Chimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways，likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings，theyhavelittleinstinct(本能)tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren，whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.概括文章大意[典例](2016·江蘇高考·閱讀B)概括文章大意Inthelaboratory，chimpsdon’tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor，withnogreatereffort，aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage，hewillpullatrandom—hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.Humanchildren，ontheotherhand，arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages，theydesiretohelpothers，toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor，almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.Inthelaboratory，chimpsdon’tThereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp，informandsharearenottaught，butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive(認(rèn)知的)skills，atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello，thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.ThereareseveralreasonstobThecoreofwhatchildren’smindshaveandchimps’don’tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat，evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”，agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.Thecoreofwhatchildren’smi60.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildrenB.waystotrainchildren’ssharedintentionalityC.cooperationasadistinctivehumannatureD.thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren答案C

[主旨大意題。本文屬于科普說明文。作者從猩猩的自私行為導(dǎo)入到人類無私幫助他人的本能，分析了人類愿意幫助他人、愿意與他人合作的本能的原因。A、B、D項(xiàng)都屬于文章的部分內(nèi)容，并非心中思想。故C項(xiàng)正確。]60.Thepassageismainlyabout【技巧點(diǎn)撥】如何概括文章大意？1.做概括文章大意題時(shí)，有效的方法就是辨認(rèn)主題句。主題句具有簡潔性、概括性的特點(diǎn)，文章的中心思想往往是每段主題句的綜合。若文章無主題句，這就需要我們依據(jù)文中的事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)、觀點(diǎn)去進(jìn)行分析、推斷和歸納，從而概括出文章大意。2.在選擇答案時(shí)，根據(jù)自己總結(jié)的大意，就可以用排除法將干擾項(xiàng)逐個(gè)排除?！炯记牲c(diǎn)撥】如何概括文章大意？1.做概括文章大意題時(shí)，