2021-2022學年湖南省岳陽市臨湘市高二上學期期末教學質(zhì)量檢測英語試題 （含解析 ）

PAGE12022學年湖南省岳陽市臨湘市高二上學期期末教學質(zhì)量檢測英語考生注意：1．答題前，務必將自己的姓名、準考證號與校名填寫在答題卷的相應位置。2．所有答案都必須轉(zhuǎn)填到答題卷上，考試結(jié)束后只交答題卷。第一部分：聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)請聽下面5段對話，選岀最佳選項。1．Wheredoesthewomanwanttogo?A．Ahospital．B．Adrugstore．C．Asupermarket．2．WhenwillthemanreachBeijing?A．Tomorrow．B．Thedayaftertomorrow．C．Inthreedays．3．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Healthproblems．B．Highrents．C．Spendinghabits．4．Whatisthemangoingtodonext?A．Gorunning．B．Goswimming．C．Enteracompetition．5．Whichofthefollowingdoesthewomanwanttochange?A．A$10note．B．A$20note．C．A$50note．第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)請聽下面5段對話或獨白，選出最佳選項。請聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatwillthewomandothisafternoon?A．Discussaproject．B．Attendaparty．C．Dosomeshopping．7．Whowillthemanprobablyinvitetogowithhim?A．Lisa．B．Mary．C．Cook．請聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8．What’sthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Husbandandwife．B．Customerandassistant．C．Fatheranddaughter．9．Whatcolordressdoesthewomanprobablychooseintheend?A．Blue．B．Pink．C．Red．請聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．Howlonghasthewomanworkedthere?A．Aboutoneweek．B．Abouttwodays．C．Aboutthreedays．11．Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemantry?A．Coffee．B．Bananapie．C．Cookies．12．Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A．Sheisworkingherepart-time．B．Sheworksonehoureveryday．C．Shewillgointotown．請聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．Howoldistheman?A．Seventeen．B．Nineteen．C．Twenty-one．14．WhatdoesthemansayaboutBill?A．Helikeswriting．B．Heworksonafarm．C．HeisinParisnow．15．Whoisadoctor?A．Paul’sfather．B．Paul’smother．C．Paul’sbrother．16．Wheredoesthewoman’ssisterprobablywork?A．Inaschool．B．Inabank．C．Inabookshop．請聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．WhatprogramwillbeheldonMonday?A．Abarbecue．B．Aquiz．C．Adance．18．Howmuchisthedancingclass?A．Fivepounds．B．Sixpounds．C．Sevenpounds．19．WherewillFilmClubNightbeheld?A．Inthestudents’readingroom．B．Atthesportscenter．C．Inthedininghall．20．WhenwillthelistenersgotoLakeCanlock?A．OnFriday．B．OnSaturday．C．OnSunday．第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ABranksomeHallClassSize：12to22Grades：JKtoGr.12Gender(性別)：AllgirlsLiving:Day,Boarding(提供住宿的)Foundedin1903,BranksomeHallisToronto’sonlyall-girls,all-yearsInternationalBaccalaureate(IB)WorldSchool.Fromtheearliestgrades,studentslearntobecomeleadersandtounderstandthevalueofservingthecommunity.DiscoverBranksomeHall’sprogramsatwww.Branksome.on.ca.StansteadCollegeClassSize:13Grades:Gr.7toGr.12Gender:OpentobothsexesLiving:BoardingStansteadCollegeisaprivateboardingschoolforboysandgirlsinGrades7through12.ItisanEnglishschoolthatembraces(包含)Frenchinandoutoftheclassroom.ItisalsouniquelyplacedtoopendoorstotopuniversitiesandcollegesintheUnitedStates,Canadaandaroundtheworld．OakwoodAcademyClassSize:1to4Grades:JKtoGr.12Gender:OpentobothsexesLiving:DayOakwoodAcademyisaprivateschoolforstudentswhorequireanindividualized(個性化的)educationplanandsmallclasssizetomeettheiruniquelearningstyles.DirectInstructionisusedtoteachacademicsinsmallgroupsandameaningfulcurriculum(課程)allowsstudentstotrulylearn.TEAMSchoolClassSize:8to12Grades:Gr.1toGr.12Gender:OpentobothsexesLiving:DayTEAMSchoolprovidesanacademicprogramforstudentsinGrades1through12.Studentsfromages6to14benefitfromsmallclasssizes(8students)andanindividualizedacademicprogramtoprovideaneducationalupgrading.1.Whichofthefollowingisasingle-genderschool?A.TEAMSchool. B.BranksomeHall.C.StansteadCollege. D.OakwoodAcademy.2.HowisStansteadCollegedifferentfromtheothers?A.Itisforpreschoolers. B.Itinvolvestwolanguagesinclass.C.Itischaracterizedbysmallclasssizes. D.Itprovidesplacesforstudentstostayovernight.3.WhatdoOakwoodAcademyandTEAMSchoolbothvalue?A.Personalizedwaysofstudying. B.Asenseofservingthecommunity.C.Preparingstudentsfortopuniversities. D.Designingmeaningfullessonsforstudents.【答案】1.B2.B3.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了幾所學校的信息?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BranksomeHall部分的“Gender(性別)：Allgirls(性別：都是女孩)”可知，BranksomeHall是單一性別的學校。故選B。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)StansteadCollege部分的“ItisanEnglishschoolthatembraces(包含)Frenchinandoutoftheclassroom.(這是一所在課堂內(nèi)外都包含法語的英國學校。)”可知，這個學校的獨特之處在于課堂上涉及到兩種語言。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)OakwoodAcademy部分的“OakwoodAcademyisaprivateschoolforstudentswhorequireanindividualized(個性化的)educationplanandsmallclasssizetomeettheiruniquelearningstyles.(奧克伍德學院是一所私立學校，學生需要個性化的教育計劃和小班教學，以滿足他們獨特的學習風格。)”和TEAMSchool部分的“TEAMSchoolprovidesanacademicprogramforstudentsinGrades1through12.Studentsfromages6to14benefitfromsmallclasssizes(8students)andanindividualizedacademicprogramtoprovideaneducationalupgrading.(團隊學校為1年級到12年級的學生提供學術(shù)項目。從6歲到14歲的學生受益于小班(8名學生)和個性化的學術(shù)計劃，以提供教育升級。)”可知，這兩所學校都重視個性化的學習方式。故選A。BGroupexerciseisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoimprovephysicalfitnessandsustain(保持)ahealthylifestyle.Groupexerciseischallenging,yetfun!Ofcourseeveryoneknowsthatexerciseisgoodforthebody.However,studieshaveshownthatwhenexerciseisperformedingroups,it’snotonlygreatforimprovingphysicalhealthbutforpsychologicalhealth.It’sanopportunitytobesocialandimproveyourstrength.Additionally,groupexercisecreatesacommunityfeelandthesharedcommongoalinspirepeopletoworkhard.Anotherbeneficialaspectofgroupexerciseistheinformationalsupportpeoplereceivefromtheinstructor.Manypeoplefearthegymbecausetheyfeellostanddon’twanttoembarrassthemselves.Ifyoufeelthatway,thengrouptrainingisanevenbetteroptionforyou.It’sagreatopportunitytolearnmoreaboutfitnessthroughtheclearinstructionofafitnessinstructor.Ifyou’retiredofwanderingaroundthegymwastingtimeandbecomingbored,youcanattendanupbeatgroupfitnessclassthatwillkeepyourworkoutontrack.Don’tletfitnessfrightenyou!Ifyou’reseriousaboutwantingtoliveahealthylifestyle,it’sextremelyimportanttosurroundyourselfwithpeoplewho’llprovideyouwiththeproperemotionalsupport.Surroundyourselfwithpeoplewhoencourageandunderstandyou!Makefitnessevenmorefunbytryingsomethingneworanygroupfitnessclasswithafriend.Plantogoforajogtogether.Thentryafunhealthyrestaurantorfreshjuicebar!Fitnesscanbebothfunandsocial!Surroundingyourselfwithpeoplewho’llprovideyouwithrespectsupportcanbeverybeneficialwhileworkingtowardsreachinghealthandfitnessgoals.First,decidetodoitforyourselfandworktowardsstayingpositive.Thenmakesurethepeopleyousurroundyourselfwitharesupportive.4.WhyisgroupexercisemorebeneficialaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Itcanhelpsetpracticalgoals.B.Itcanimprovephysicalfitness.C.Itcanreducestressandanxiety.D.Itcancreateasenseofbelonging.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“upbeat”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Peaceful. B.Boring. C.Cheerful. D.Annoying.6.Whatcanbelearntfromthetext?A.Supportfromfriendsmatters.B.Doingsportsaloneisharmful.C.Weshouldofteneatoutwithfriends.D.Joggingisthemostbeneficialsport.7.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.WaystodogroupexerciseB.Groupexercise,betterhealthC.Withoutfriends,withouthealthD.Benefitsofdoingexercise【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了團體運動的好處，和其他人一起運動可以和他人進行交流，從而獲得支持，也能夠得到一些無形的好處。團體運動是改善身體狀況的最有效的方法之一，并有益于保持健康的生活方式。作者主要從三個方面說明了團體運動的好處?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Additionally,groupexercisecreatesacommunityfeelandthesharedcommongoalinspirepeopletoworkhard.可知此外，團體運動創(chuàng)造了一種社區(qū)感覺和共同目標激勵人們努力工作。由此可知，團體運動可以創(chuàng)造一種歸屬感，所以更有益。故選D?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文thatwillkeepyourworkoutontrack.可知如果你厭倦了在健身房里浪費時間和無聊，參加一個一個樂觀的團體健身班可以讓你的鍛煉保持在正軌上。故劃線單詞意思為“樂觀的，快樂的”。故選C。【6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Ifyou’reseriousaboutwantingtoliveahealthylifestyle,it’sextremelyimportanttosurroundyourselfwithpeoplewho’llprovideyouwiththeproperemotionalsupport.可知如果你真的想要過一種健康的生活方式，和那些能給你提供適當情感支持的人在一起是非常重要的。由此可知，朋友的感情支持很重要。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Groupexerciseisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoimprovephysicalfitnessandsustainahealthylifestyle.可知團體運動是提高身體素質(zhì)和保持健康生活方式的最有效方法之一。結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可推斷，文章的主要內(nèi)容是在說團體運動的好處，團體運動包含的好處主要是因為大家在一起運動，不僅生理上會有一些好處，而且團隊內(nèi)其他成員會給你支持，教練也會給你們一些信息上的支持。故B選項“團體運動，身體更健康”符合文章標題。故選B。【點睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段開頭再看全文找主題句，若無明顯主題句，就通過關鍵詞句來概括(如議論文中尋找表達作者觀點態(tài)度的詞句，記敘文尋找概括情節(jié)和中心的動詞或反映人物特點的形容詞)。文中出現(xiàn)兩種或兩種以上的不同觀點時，務必牢記作者的觀點才是體現(xiàn)全文中心的。如第四小題，根據(jù)第一段第一句Groupexerciseisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoimprovephysicalfitnessandsustainahealthylifestyle.可知團體運動是提高身體素質(zhì)和保持健康生活方式的最有效方法之一。文章的主要內(nèi)容是在說團體運動的好處，團體運動包含的好處主要是因為大家在一起運動，不僅生理上會有一些好處，而且團隊內(nèi)其他成員會給你支持，教練也會給你們一些信息上的支持。故B選項“團體運動，身體更健康”符合文章標題。故選B。CChinahasabolished(廢除)itscontroversialbirthrestrictions,reversing(徹底改變)nearlyfourdecadesoffamilyplanningpoliciesasbirthratesfall.Chinabeganimplementing(實施)theone-childpolicyinthe1980stoslowpopulationgrowth.ButinrecentyearsconcernisaccumulatingthatanageingandshrinkingworkforcecouldslowChina’seconomy,whilegenderimbalancescouldleadtosocialproblems.Andthelimitwasraisedtotwochildrenin2016asthenationtriedtorejuvenate(使恢復活力)itsageingpopulationof1.4billion.However,childbirthshavenotincreasedasmuchasforecastsincethetwo-childpolicycameintoforce.Coupleshavebeeninnorushtostartlargerfamiliessincethepolicywasloosened,with17.9millionbabiesbornin2016—just1.3millionmorethaninthepreviousyear,halfofwhatwasexpected,accordingtotheNationalBureauofStatistics.Birthsin2017evenslippedto17.2million,wellbelowtheofficialforecastofmorethan20million.Andtherehasbeenanassumptionthatthegovernmentwillfurthereaserestrictions.Otherchangesincludeaone-monthcooling-offperiodbeforeadivorce,duringwhicheitherparty(一方當事人)canwithdrawtheirapplication.Newsofthechangeslitupsocialmedia.“Sotheywantustohavemorebabiesandfewerdivorces?”wroteoneuseronWeibo,China’sequivalentofTwitter.“Thecreatedgeneration,usonlychildren,let’sgathertogetherandpreparetoworkintooldage,”anotheruserwrote.“Havingchildrenisgood,whicheasesthegovernment’shealthcarecostfortheelderly.”HongFinchersaiditremainedtobeseenhowtheChinesegovernmentwouldadoptanychanges.Shesaidincentives(激勵)tohavemorechildrenhadnotworkedandthatthegovernmentmightresorttoothermeasures.8.Whywastheone-childpolicyadoptedinthe1980s?A.Becauseoftheboomingpopulation. B.Becauseoftheseveresocialproblems.C.Becauseoftheimbalancedgenderratio. D.Becauseoftherapidlyageingpopulation.9.Howmanybabieswereexpectedtobebornin2016?A.2.6million. B.17.2million. C.17.9million. D.19.2million.10.Whatisnetizens’(網(wǎng)民)attitudetowardstheproposedchanges?A.Mixed. B.Disapproving. C.Approving. D.Indifferent.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Chinahasadoptedthetwo-childpolicy. B.China’sone-childpolicyhadlittleeffect.C.Chinacouldfurtherloosenitsbirthpolicy. D.China’sageingpopulationcontinuestorise.【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國已經(jīng)廢除了傳統(tǒng)的生育限制，希望通過采取鼓勵生育的政策如二孩政策等來提高生育率，但效果未達到預期?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。文章第二段“Chinabeganimplementing(實施)theone-childpolicyinthe1980stoslowpopulationgrowth.(20世紀80年代，中國開始實施獨生子女政策來減慢人口的增長)”說明中國實施獨生子女政策是因為當時人口的急劇增長。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“Coupleshavebeeninnorushtostartlargerfamiliessincethepolicywasloosened,with17.9millionbabiesbornin2016—just1.3millionmorethaninthepreviousyear,halfofwhatwasexpected,accordingtotheNationalBureauofStatistics(自從政策放寬以來，夫妻并沒有急于開始大人口家庭。根據(jù)國家統(tǒng)計局，2016年出生了1億7千9百萬嬰兒，僅僅比去年出生嬰兒多1百30萬，是預期的一半)”可知，多的1百30萬，是預期的一半，還有一半預期沒達成，所以2016年出生預期比實際出生嬰兒還少1百30萬，故2016年出生預期是1億7千9百萬加1百30萬，一共1億9千2百萬。故選D項。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第五段“Thecreatedgeneration,usonlychildren,let’sgathertogetherandpreparetoworkintooldage(我們獨生子女，被創(chuàng)造出來的一代人，讓我們一起準備好工作到老)”和“Havingchildrenisgood，whicheasesthegovernment’shealthcarecostfortheelderly(生孩子是有益的，可以減輕政府對老年人的醫(yī)保負擔)”可知，網(wǎng)民對該政策看法不一，褒貶不一，是復雜的。故選A項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第一段“Chinahasabolished(廢除)itscontroversialbirthrestrictions(中國已經(jīng)廢除了傳統(tǒng)的生育限制)”和最后一段“Shesaidincentives(激勵)tohavemorechildrenhadnotworkedandthatthegovernmentmightresorttoothermeasures.(她說激勵生育更多的孩子沒有起作用，政府可能會采取其他措施)”說明，全文圍繞著中國政府放寬生育政策，鼓勵多生孩子，但是效果甚微，最后表明政府將采取進一步措施。故選C項。DCanyouimagineabicyclethathasaniPhoneonitshandleandprovidesnavigationtoolsandfitnessinformation,alongwithdatacollectorsthatmeasureairpollution?Thisisjustthebeginningofthelistofthingsthatthisdynamicnewbicycle,knownastheCopenhagenWheel,iscapableof.Thebiggestcharacteristicofthisbikeisitsredhub(輪軸)onthebackwheel,wherethebrainofthebikestorespower,increasesspeed,monitorstherider’sexercise,andcollectsdatafromtheairandtheenvironment.Thedatathatiscollectedisputontoapublicwebsitesocitizenscanfindoutwhattheircity’satmosphereislikeduringtheday.TheCopenhagenWheelcomestousfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)intheU.S.A.ItwasdevelopedbyapartofMITthatisputting“intelligence”intoeverydaythingsthatareapartoftheinfrastructure(基本設施)ofourcities.ResearchersfromMITchosetheCopenhagenConferenceonClimateChangetoshowoffthenewbicycle,andearlyfeedback(反饋)wasverypositive.ThegoaloftheCopenhagenWheelprojectistopromote(促進)cyclingbylengtheningthedistancepeoplecancover.Inaddition,themakersensurethewholebikeridingexperienceissmoothersothatevensteep(陡峭的)roadsarenolongeraproblemforcomfortablecycling.Thisnewbicycleisalsoperfectforprotectingtheenvironment,andmanybigcitiesaremakingplanstoencouragetheircitizenstousethistwo-wheelerwhentheygotoandfromwork.ThedirectoroftheCopenhagenWheelproject,ChristineOutram,expectsthatthisnewbikewillhelpleadthechargeofsmarttransportationintothe21stcentury.Sheisfullyconvincedthatmanybigcitieswillseethebenefitsofpromotingthistypeofcyclingtotheircitizens.12.What’sthekeycharacteristicoftheCopenhagenWheel?A.Theredhub. B.Thefastspeed.C.Thedatacollector. D.TheiPhoneonitshandle.13.Whatistheuseofthecollecteddata?A.Torecordtherider’sfitnessinformation. B.Tomonitortheconditionofthebicycle,C.Tohelpimproveriders’exerciseplans. D.Toshowwhattheenvironmentislike.14.WhatdidpeoplethinkoftheCopenhagenWheelatthebeginning?A.Theydoubtedit. B.Theywelcomedit.C.Theyweresurprisedbyit. D.Theywereuninterestedinit.15.What’sthemainpurposeoftheCopenhagenWheelproject?A.Toimprovepublictransportation. B.Tomakesteeproadridingcomfortable.C.Toencouragecitizenstodomorecycling. D.Tomakecitizens’ridingsaferthanbefore.【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了美國麻省理工學院設計的智能自行車“哥本哈根之輪”的功能和特色?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thebiggestcharacteristicofthisbikeisitsredhub(輪軸)onthebackwheel,(這款自行車最大的特點是后輪上的紅色輪轂)”可知，哥本哈根之輪的最大的特點是后輪上的紅色輪轂。故選A項。【13題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thedatathatiscollectedisputontoapublicwebsitesocitizenscanfindoutwhattheircity’satmosphereislikeduringtheday.(收集到的數(shù)據(jù)會被放到一個公共網(wǎng)站上，這樣市民就可以了解他們城市白天的大氣狀況)”可知，收集到的數(shù)據(jù)用于展示環(huán)境狀況。故選D項。【14題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ResearchersfromMITchosetheCopenhagenConferenceonClimateChangetoshowoffthenewbicycle,andearlyfeedback(反饋)wasverypositive.(麻省理工學院的研究人員選擇在哥本哈根氣候變化會議上展示這款新自行車，早期反饋非常積極)”可知，人們對哥本哈根之輪持積極態(tài)度，歡迎它的出現(xiàn)。故選B項?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ThegoaloftheCopenhagenWheelprojectistopromote(促進)cyclingbylengtheningthedistancepeoplecancover.(“哥本哈根之輪”項目的目標是通過延長人們的騎行距離來促進騎行)”可知，“哥本哈根之輪”項目的目的鼓勵市民多騎自行車。故選C項。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Peopleareconsumers(消費者).Wehavetospendlargepartsofourdaysfinding，buying，cookingandeatingourfood．Didyoueverthinkitmightbenicetobeabletomakeyourownfoodlikeplantsdo?____16____Theyperformaprocesscalledphotosynthesisusinglightfromthesun,waterandcarbondioxide.Theendresultofthischemicalreactionissugarfortheplantto“eat”.Theplantgivesoffwaterandoxygen.____17____Plantshavespecialstructurescalledchloroplasts(葉綠體)thatanimalsdon’thave.Thesestructuresarefilledwithchlorophyll,whichgivesleafygreenplantstheirgreencolor.Theirmainjobistoabsorblightfromthesun.Chloroplastscanabsorbeverycolorexceptgreen.Lightmakeschlorophyllactive.Itcreatesanenergythatseparateswateroutintohydrogenandoxygen.____18____Hydrogenfromthewatercombineswithcarbonfromthecarbondioxidewebreatheout.Oxygenissentoutintotheair.____19____Plantsrelyonthecarbondioxidethatwebreatheout,andwerelyontheoxygenthatthey“breathe”out.ThisisonegoodreasonforprotectingplantlifeonEarth.Manyplantscanproduceaconstantsupplyofoxygenforus.Weneedplantsinordertosurvive.Conservation(保護)projectsaroundtheglobeareaimedatprotectingournaturalresources，includingnumerousspeciesofplants.____20____A.Plantsareproducers.B.Chemicalreactionstakeplace.C.Animalscan’tlivewithoutwater.D.Peopleandplantsmakeperfectpartners.E.Sohowdoplantsdoit，andwhycan’twe?F.Therewouldbetoomuchcarbondioxideintheair.G.Ourqualityoflifeandthefreshairwebreathedependuponourgreenplantpartners.【答案】16.A17.E18.B19.D20.G【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。講述了人和植物是完美伴侶，相互依存的，并闡述了保護植物的重要性?！?6題詳解】上文“Peopleareconsumers.(人是消費者。)”以及“Didyoueverthinkitmightbenicetobeabletomakeyourownfoodlikeplantsdo?(你有沒有想過，人能像植物一樣自己生產(chǎn)自己的食物該是多好呀？)”說明人是消費者，而植物卻能自己為自己生產(chǎn)食物，選項A“植物是生產(chǎn)者?！背薪由衔模瑢祟悂碚f，植物是生產(chǎn)者，引出下文“Theyperformaprocesscalledphotosynthesisusinglightfromthesun,waterandcarbondioxide.Theendresultofthischemicalreactionissugarfortheplantto“eat”.(它們執(zhí)行一個過程稱為光合作用使用光來自太陽，水和二氧化碳。這種化學反應的最終結(jié)果是給植物“吃”的糖。)”具體介紹植物是怎樣為自己生產(chǎn)食物的。故選A項?！?7題詳解】上一段主要說明了人是消費者而植物是生產(chǎn)者，選項E“那么植物是如何做到的，為什么我們不能呢?”承接上一段，提出為什么人類和植物不同的問題，引出下文“Plantshavespecialstructurescalledchloroplasts(葉綠體)thatanimalsdon’thave.(植物有特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)稱為葉綠體，動物沒有。)”，解釋為什么不同。故選E項?！?8題詳解】上文“Lightmakeschlorophyllactive.Itcreatesanenergythatseparateswateroutintohydrogenandoxygen.(光使葉綠素活躍。它產(chǎn)生的能量將水分離成氫和氧。)”說明光的作用使葉綠素發(fā)生了化學反應，選項B“發(fā)生化學反應?！背薪由衔?，是上文的結(jié)論。故選B項。【19題詳解】下文“Plantsrelyonthecarbondioxidethatwebreatheout,andwerelyontheoxygenthatthey‘breathe’out.(植物依賴于我們呼出的二氧化碳，而我們依賴于它們‘呼出’的氧氣。)”以及“Weneedplantsinordertosurvive.(為了生存，我們需要植物。)”說明人類和植物之間是相互依存的，選項D“人和植物是完美的伴侶?！蔽挥诙问祝爬ū径沃黝}：人和植物是完美伴侶，相互依存。故選D項。【20題詳解】上一段主題“人和植物是完美伴侶，相互依存上文”以及上文“Conservation(保護)projectsaroundtheglobeareaimedatprotectingournaturalresources，includingnumerousspeciesofplants.(世界各地的保護項目旨在保護我們的自然資源，包括許多種類的植物。)”說明了人和植物相互依存，我們必須保護植物，選項G“我們的生活質(zhì)量和呼吸的新鮮空氣依賴于我們的綠色植物伙伴?！背薪由衔?，和上文存在因果關系，因為我們?nèi)祟愐蕾嚲G色植物，所以必須保護好它們。故選G項。第三部分：語言知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Inthisfast-pacedsocietymultitasking(多重任務處理)isoftenawayoflife.However,I’llbediscussingallthetimeswemultitaskwhenit’snotnecessary．Theproblemwithmultitaskingisthatwe’redividingupour____21____.Weonlyhaveacertainamountofattentionthatwecan____22____toagiventask.Ifwe’redoingfourthingsatthesametime,wecan____23____devote25%ofourattentiontoeachthing.It’simpossibletodoajobas____24____with25%ofyourattentionasyoucanwith100%ofyourattention.Youwillsimplyperformbetterfocusingonsomething100%.Dividedattentionleadstomore____25____andalowerqualityofperformance.Thisisn’tdifficulttounderstand,____26____societyhasmaskedthisfactand____27____itwiththefacade(表象)thatmultitaskingisgood.Butgoodisnotourbest,anddoinglessthanyourbestisnotcontributingtoa____28____orfulfilling(充實的)life.There’snoplacewherethisismoreobviousthanwhen____29____someone,especiallyfriendsandfamily.We’veallbeentryingtohaveaconversationwithsomeonewhentheirattentionisdiverted(轉(zhuǎn)移)bysomethingelse.Isit_____30_____?Doyoufeelimportant?Loved?Heard?Ofcoursenot.Generally,childrenareexposedtothismorethananyone.Adultsareso_____31_____doingotherthingswhilethey’rewiththeirchildrenthattheirattentionisdivertedagainandagain.Tobeagoodparentfriend,worker,boss,etc.,weneedto_____32_____toputourfocusonwhatwe’redoingandwhowe’redoingitwith.Takeamomentto_____33_____yourattentionfromwhatyouweredoing_____34_____andfocusonwhatyou’redoingnow.Thesefiveortensecondsspentfocusingyourattention_____35_____onwhatyou’redoingcanmakeadifference!Asmuchaspossible,giveallyourfocustowhateveryou’redoingandseehowmuchbetteryouworkandhowtheinteractions(交流)withthepeopleinyourlifeimprove．21.A.work B.attention C.life D.space22.A.add B.attract C.give D.draw23A.only B.still C.ever D.already24.A.safely B.equally C.perfectly D.quietly25.A.competitions B.discoveries C.changes D.mistakes26.A.but B.so C.because D.unless27.A.compared B.combined C.replaced D.proved28.A.successful B.simple C.healthy D.peaceful29.A.believingin B.waitingfor C.talkingabout D.dealingwith30.A.helpful B.enjoyable C.interesting D.serious31.A.busy B.confused C.supportive D.comfortable32.A.continue B.pretend C.learn D.forget33.A.steal B.disconnect C.escape D.catch34.A.presently B.privately C.mindlessly D.previously35.A.regularly B.completely C.naturally D.slightly【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.C25.D26.A27.C28.A29.D30.B31.A32.C33.B34.D35.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章講述了我們許多人容易把注意力同時放在幾件事上，而不是把注意力放在一件事上，特別是與孩子的相處中。同時提醒我們要專注一件事情，這樣我們會做得更好，與人的關系也更融洽?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：多任務處理的問題在于我們分散了注意力。A.work工作；B.attention注意力；C.life生活；D.space空間。根據(jù)下文“Weonlyhaveacertainamountofattention”可知，此處是信息詞attention的詞匯復現(xiàn)。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們只有一定數(shù)量的注意力可以給予一個給定的任務。A.add增加；B.attract吸引；C.give給；D.draw畫畫。根據(jù)上文“Theproblemwithmultitaskingisthatwe’redividingupour____1____.”可知，多任務處理分散了我們的注意力，因此我們只能給與給定任務一部分注意力。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們同時做四件事，我們只能在每件事上投入25%的注意力。A.only僅僅；B.still仍然；C.ever曾經(jīng)；Dalready已經(jīng)。根據(jù)“Ifwe’redoingfourthingsatthesametime”可知，因為同時做四件事情，所以只能在每件事上投入25%的注意力。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你只投入25%的注意力，你不可能像投入100%的注意力那樣完美地完成一件工作。A.safely安全地；B.equally平等地；C.perfectly完美地；D.quietly安靜地。根據(jù)“Youwillsimplyperformbetterfocusingonsomething100%.”可知，如果你只投入25%的注意力，你不可能像投入100%的注意力那樣完美地完成一件工作。故選C。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：分散的注意力會導致更多的錯誤和更低的表現(xiàn)質(zhì)量。A.competitions競爭；B.discoveries發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.changes改變；D.mistakes錯誤。根據(jù)“alowerqualityofperformance”可知，注意力分散會導致更多的錯誤。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：這并不難理解，但社會已經(jīng)掩蓋了這一事實，代之以“多任務處理是好事”的假象。A.but但是；B.so因此；C.because因為；D.unless除非。上下文之間形成轉(zhuǎn)折關系，需用連詞but連接。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.compared比較；B.combined結(jié)合，組合；C.replaced代替；D.proved證明。根據(jù)“withthefacade(表象)thatmultitaskingisgood.”可知，但社會已經(jīng)掩蓋了這一事實，代之以“多任務處理是好事”的假象。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，好的并不是我們最好的，做得比你最好的少并不能給一個成功或充實的生活帶來貢獻。A.successful成功的；B.simple簡單的；C.healthy健康的；D.peaceful和平的。此處表示沒有做到最好就是沒有對成功的或充實的生活做貢獻。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：沒有什么地方比在和某人，尤其是朋友和家人打交道時更能體現(xiàn)這一點了。A.believingin相信；B.waitingfor等待；C.talkingabout談論；D.dealingwith處理。根據(jù)“especiallyfriendsandfamily.”可知，此處表示與家人和朋友相處的時候。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它令人愉快嗎？A.helpful有幫助的；B.enjoyable令人愉快的；C.interesting有趣的；D.serious嚴重的。作者在質(zhì)問當我們和別人說話時，別人的注意力沒有在我們身上，是否會令我們感到愉快。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：成年人和孩子在一起的時候忙著做其他事情，以至于他們的注意力一次又一次地被轉(zhuǎn)移。A.busy忙的；B.confused困惑的；C.supportive支持的；D.comfortable舒服的。根據(jù)“doingotherthings”可知，此處表示忙于做其他事情。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：要成為一個好父母、好朋友、好員工、好老板等等，我們需要學會把我們的注意力放在我們正在做的事情上，以及我們和誰一起做。A.continue繼續(xù)；B.pretend假裝；C.learn學習；D.forget忘記。上文說到我們常常把注意力分成幾份，但這其實沒有多大好處，所以我們要學會把注意力放在眼前人，眼前的事情上。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：花一點時間把你的注意力從之前的工作中分離出來，專注于你現(xiàn)在正在做的事情。A.steal偷；B.disconnect斷開；C.escape逃離；D.catch抓住。根據(jù)“focusonwhatyou’redoingnow”可知，此處表示要花一點時間把你的注意力從之前的工作中分離出來。故選B。【34題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.presently目前；B.privately私下；C.mindlessly無意識地；D.previously以前。根據(jù)“whatyou’redoingnow”可知，空處與之相反，表示“以前的事情”。故選D。【35題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：花5到10秒鐘的時間把你的注意力完全集中在你正在做的事情上，會有很大的不同！A.regularly有規(guī)律地；B.completely完全地；C.naturally自然地；D.slightly輕微地。根據(jù)下文“Asmuchaspossible,giveallyourfocustowhateveryou’redoing”可知，作者建議我們花5到10秒鐘的時間把你的注意力完全集中在你正在做的事情上。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Peopletodaytakelotsofphotos.Somephotographsarereallymemorable.Theyeithercaptureimportantevents,suchasbirthdaypartiesorweddings,____36____showbeautifulplaces.Yearslater,peoplemaylookatthesespecialphotostoremember____37____past.However,howdidpeoplerecordimportantmomentswithoutcameraslongago?Somepeopletold____38____(story)aboutoldtimes,andotherswrotedown____39____theyremembered.Therewerealsoalotofpeople____40____(make)specialdrawingstohelpthemrecallimportantmoments.AmongthosepeoplewereNativeAmericansoftheLakotatribe.Everyyear,Lakotaleadersdecidedwhicheventwasmostimportant.ALakota____41____(art)wasthenaskedtodrawaspecialpictureofthatevent.Becauseeachyear’spicturewasdecidedonduringthewinter,thedrawingsbecame____42____(know)aswintercounts.Foralongtime,wintercountsweredrawnonanimalskins.Later,thedrawings____43____(do)onpaper.Thepicturestoldthehistoryofthetribe.Eachyear,thenewestwintercountwasadded____44____theLakotacollectionofpicturesfrom_____45_____(early)times.Thathelpedpeoplekeeptrackoftheyears.Today,wintercountsareimportantrecordsoftheLakota’spast.【答案】36.or37.the38.stories39.what40.making41.artist42.known43.weredone44.to45.earlier【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。今天的人們拍很多的照片。有些照片是真的令人難忘。那以前沒有相機的日子人們?nèi)绾蝸碛涗浿匾獣r刻呢？短文對此進行了介