英語中的平行結(jié)構(gòu)課件

高考專題英語中的平行結(jié)構(gòu)連詞是一種虛詞，它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞，短語與短語以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞用來連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)名詞從句和各類的狀語從句。一、平行結(jié)構(gòu),即并列結(jié)構(gòu)：由并列連詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上對(duì)等的語言成分構(gòu)成。常見的并列連詞有：1、表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,not…but…2.選擇關(guān)系：or，either…or…,otherwise,whether...or3.轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系:but,yet,whereas,while,still4.因果關(guān)系：so,for5.并列關(guān)系：and,when三、平行結(jié)構(gòu)主要類型1.名詞和名詞平行結(jié)構(gòu)Thepatient'ssymptomswerefever,

dizziness,andheadache.病人的癥狀是發(fā)燒、頭暈和頭痛。2.形容詞和形容詞平行結(jié)構(gòu)Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.早睡早起使人健康、富有、聰明。3.副詞和副詞平行結(jié)構(gòu)Theworkishandsomelyandskillfullydone.這項(xiàng)工作做得漂亮，有水平。4.分詞平行結(jié)構(gòu)(現(xiàn)在分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞與過去分詞)Theboyswererunning,shoutingandlaughing.男孩子們邊跑，邊喊叫著、笑著。（伴隨狀語）Theoldmanreturnedhome,disappointedandexhausted.5.動(dòng)名詞doing平行結(jié)構(gòu)Henry'sworkisreadingbooksandwritingbookreviews.亨利的工作是讀讀書，寫寫書評(píng)。6.動(dòng)詞不定式平行結(jié)構(gòu)Ontheotherhand,40%thinkthatfeesshouldbechargedbecauseyouneedmoneytopaygardenersandotherworkers,and(to)buyplantsandyoungtrees.另一方面，40%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為應(yīng)收門票，他們認(rèn)為門票費(fèi)可以作為支付園林工人及其他工作人員的工資和購買新花木的費(fèi)用。and連接并列不定式第二個(gè)不定式往往省略to。7.介詞短語平行結(jié)構(gòu)1）Yoursemestergradeisbasednotonlyonhowwellyoudooneachtest,butalsoonhowyouparticipateinclass.2）Weoftengotothecountrysideaswellastofactories.8.謂語動(dòng)詞平行結(jié)構(gòu)謂語形式時(shí)態(tài)要一致Hewentdowntown,boughtsomebooksandvisitedhisdaughter.9.句子的并列（并列句）Iwastired,butIfelthappy.四、需掌握的知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.beabouttodosthwhen+從句2.祈使句+and+句子3.whileconj.然而，而4.分辨謂語動(dòng)詞的并列和伴隨狀語5.what名詞性短語的并列6.“隨著”兩種表達(dá):with+復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)/as+句子7.分辨短語和句子8.分辨定語從句和并列句9.不定式的并列10.分辨：句子+并列連詞+句子、短語+句子五、And的用法綜述：and是并列連詞，它既能連接兩個(gè)并列（平行）的結(jié)構(gòu)，也能連接兩個(gè)并列的分句。我們可以通過分析它在句子結(jié)構(gòu)中的功能，從而巧妙的解題。例1:

thegoatrolledoverand____.

A.diedB.deadC.dyingD.death

2.Hecalledateverydoorand___peopletheexcitingnews.A.tellB.tellingC.toldD.havingtoldcalled和and為并列謂語。若將and改為逗號(hào)，擇選B，現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。若是既無and也無逗號(hào)，則用不定式totell作目的狀語。既是B:Hecalledateverydoor,tellingpeopletheexcitingnews.C:Hecalledateverydoortotellpeopletheexcitingnews.3.Shewenttothemarket,____everythingsheneededandtookataxihome.A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD,tobuy

三個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞：went,boughtandtook√√√B.并列句and和定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換Ex:Bamboosarehollowandthismakesthemverylight.定從：Bamboosarehollow,whichmakesthemverylight.1.Sheheardaterriblenoiseand___broughtherheartintohermouth.A.whichB.itC./D.what轉(zhuǎn)換：Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.√comes---coming/andleaveskeep---keeping/andyou判斷下列句子的正誤1.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,itwasmorethanwecouldexpect.2.Springcomes,leavesturngreen.3.Keepontrying,you’llsucceed.4.Theygetcoaloutoftheground,changingitintoelectricityandsendittomanyplaces.5.Hehasmadeawonderfuldiscovery,whichIthinkitisofgreathelptous.It---which/it前加andchanging---change6.Theygotoffthetrain,carryingalltheircasesandtheirfather’sjacket.7.Turningdowntheradioandthebabyissleeping.8.Ihavethreecoats,noneofthemfitsme.9.Thesecretaryworkedintothenight,preparingalongspeechforthepresident.10.Astherearenearly50streetsinthecity,mostofwhichwecan’trememberclearly.√√Turning---Turnthem---which/andnonewhich---them在高考中的體現(xiàn)及解題思路1.Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe＿＿h(yuǎn)ereanymore．(2006年全國卷)

A．hasn’tlivedB．didn’tliveC．hadn’tlivedD．doesn’tlive

解析：but前后分句的時(shí)態(tài)平衡。but連接兩個(gè)并列句，第一個(gè)分句謂語動(dòng)詞belongs屬于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，but后的分句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)doesn’tlive來表達(dá)以保持時(shí)態(tài)平衡,選D。

2.Theoldcouplemarriedfor40yearsandneveronce____witheachother.(2003全國卷)

A.theyhadquarreled.

B.theyhavequarreled

C.havetheyquarreled

D.hadtheyquarreled.解析：這對(duì)老夫妻已結(jié)婚40年了,他們彼此從未吵過架.本題的關(guān)鍵詞是and,and前是句子,and后也應(yīng)是句子形式，后一分句以never開頭的則應(yīng)倒裝,C。3.Shesetoutsoonafterdark____homeanhourlater.

（1994）

A.arriving

B.toarrive

C.havingarrived

D.andarrived分析：她天黑后回家，一個(gè)小時(shí)后到家。AC是分詞A為分詞一般式doing,表示與謂語同時(shí)發(fā)生；havingarrived表示先于謂語發(fā)生；toarrive表示目的。很明顯先setout后arrive排除A和C而本題時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，所以選D.and連接兩個(gè)謂語。5.Itisworthconsideringwhatmakes“convenience”foodssopopular,and_________betteronesofyourown.

A.introduces

B.tointroduce

C.introducing

D.introduced句中的并列連詞and連接的是兩個(gè)對(duì)稱的并列成分，由于其前的considering…為動(dòng)名詞，所以空格處也要用動(dòng)名詞。選Ｃ6．Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand＿＿＿them．

A．correctB．correcting

C．correctsD．tocorrect解析：列連詞and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語makingmistakes和correctingthem作介詞by的賓語，使其and前后形式一致。選B。8．Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_____fortheday.(重慶卷)

A.finishing

B.finished

C.hadfinished

D.werefinished

解析：B。兩個(gè)“句子”間沒有并列連詞，不可能填一個(gè)完整的謂語，可以最先排除C和D。再根據(jù)句意，由于lessons與動(dòng)詞finish之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用過去分詞。單選題：1.Theyoungmembermadeseveralproposals,andnoneof___consideredpracticaloracceptable.A.themB.whichC.itD.what2.Jingqiu,theyoungheroineofthenewZhangYimoumovieUndertheHawthornTree,isaveryinnocenthighschoolstudent,___lovestorysetin___mid1970s.A.her;theB.whose;/C.whose;theD.her;/√√6.OnSundayafternoon,Mrs.Greenwenttothemarket,___somebananasandvisitedhercousin.A.boughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.buy7.Shesetoutsoonafterdark___homeanhourlater.A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived8.___thepoemasecondtime,themeaningwillbecomeclearertoyou.A.YourhavingreadB.WhilereadingC.IfreadingD.Whenyouread√√√9.___itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.LeaveD.Ifyouleave10.Thechildrenclimbedupthehill,___theypicnicked.A.onitstopB.onthetopofitC.onwhosetopD.onthetopofthat11.Whilereading,___.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellwasrangC.weheardthedoorbellringD.thebellofthedoorrang√√√12.___manytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.ThoughhehadbeentoldC.HewastoldD.Havingtold13.___theroadandyou’llsoongettothemuseum.A.WalkingonB.FollowingC.WalkD.Take14.__anexpert,soheknewexactlywhattodo.A.BeingB.HavingbeenC.AsD.Hewas15.Thedictionaryisexpensive,___wecouldhavetobuyit.A.butB.andC.orD.so√√√√21.Johngotthefirstplaceand___madehisparentshappy.A.whichB.thatC.asD.what22.Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers___abicycle.A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding23.Youcanonlybesureof___youhaveatpresent,youcannotbesureofsomething___youmightgetinthefuture.A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that√√√24.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,___hewenttoBeijing