化學(xué)品船主機(jī) 齒輪箱軸系 拉線(xiàn)安裝工藝

軸、舵系找線(xiàn)工藝TheAlignmentofShaftandRudder乳山造船有限責(zé)任公司17000T化學(xué)品船總則Generation概述outline軸系理論中心線(xiàn)的確定Thedeterminationofshafttheoreticalmiddleline尾軸管套管的鏜孔Theboringofsterntubesleeve舵系的找線(xiàn)、安裝Theinstallationandalignmentofrudder總則:General工藝的制定，符合ABS船舶入級(jí)建造規(guī)范（2001）標(biāo)準(zhǔn).TheprocedureisfulfillthestandardofABSrule(2001)依據(jù)中國(guó)造船質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)CSQS（1998）檢驗(yàn)手冊(cè)、檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn).AccordingtheChinaShipbuildingQualityStandardCSQS(1998)TestManualtoinspect.依據(jù)CB3625-94、CB/Z350-87.BasedonCB3625-94,CB/Z350-87工藝的制定滿(mǎn)足ABS船檢審批后的圖紙資料要求.FulfilltherequirementsofthedrawingsthatABShadapproved.本船工藝的制定，適應(yīng)本廠的生產(chǎn)工裝要求.Thisprocedureisbasedontheconstructionabilityofthisshipyard.概述：Outline:本船為雙軸系、調(diào)距槳，CUNIAL螺旋槳，4葉，后側(cè)斜葉型，符合ISO484標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，主機(jī)地腳墊塊為環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂澆注（樹(shù)脂由高爾登廠家提供，樹(shù)脂墊塊的布置、螺栓的擰緊力矩由高爾登廠家送審，并通過(guò)ABS船檢認(rèn)可），艉軸承為油潤(rùn)滑，并帶前、后溫度傳感器。尾軸管、主機(jī)、齒輪箱、軸帶發(fā)電機(jī)、尾軸及調(diào)距槳整體由羅爾斯-羅伊斯打包。Thevesselistwo-shaftingsystem,controllable-pitchpropeller,CUNIALpropeller,4blades,thebacksideisskewedtype,inaccordancewithISO484standard,M/Epadblockcastingepoxyresin(resinisprovidedbyGolton,resinpadslayoutandbolttighteningtorquewillbesendforapprovingbythemanufacturerGolton,andapprovedbyABSsurvivor),sternbearingswilluseoillubrication,andputthetemperaturesensorsontwosides.Thesterntube,M/E,gearbox,shaftgenerator,sternshaftandcontrollable-pitchpropellerwillbeprovidebyRolls–Royce.軸系與動(dòng)力裝置:船用主機(jī)為B32/40L8PRollsRoyce羅爾斯-羅伊斯,4沖程，增壓，重油粘度為380CST，最大持續(xù)功率為4000KW，主機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速為750轉(zhuǎn)每分鐘。Shaftandpowerplant:M/EisB32/40L8PRollsRoyceRolls-Royce,4-stroke,supercharged,heavyoilviscosityis380CST,withmaximumsustainedpoweris4000KW,M/Espeedis750r/m.船用齒輪箱直立式，齒輪箱為單輸入雙輸出，齒輪箱在主機(jī)和槳軸之間，主機(jī)發(fā)出的功率經(jīng)過(guò)高彈性聯(lián)軸器傳遞給齒輪箱，齒輪箱分別帶動(dòng)尾軸和軸發(fā)工作，PTO軸帶發(fā)電機(jī)為500KW1200轉(zhuǎn)，軸發(fā)為水冷，帶有滾動(dòng)軸承和內(nèi)置片狀離合器。Marinegearboxisupright,gearboxissingle-inputanddual-output,gearboxisbetweentheM/Eandthepropellershaft,M/Esentpowerthenpassthroughthehigh-elasticcouplingtothegearbox,gearboxdrivethesternshaftandshaftgeneratorworking,PTOShaftGeneratoris500KW1200revolutions,shaftgeneratoriswater-cooled,withaclutchbearing,andbuilt-insheetclutch.本船軸系對(duì)中找正擬采用鋼絲拉線(xiàn)法，精確定位為激光。軸系中心線(xiàn)平行于船體基線(xiàn)（數(shù)據(jù)為2475mm），與船體中心線(xiàn)的夾角為0.616°。舵系中心線(xiàn)垂直于船體基線(xiàn)，據(jù)船體中心線(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)為3750mm（在-1#肋位處）。Thevesselshaftingalignmentintendtousewirepullmethod,accuratepositioningwilluselaser.ShaftcenterlineparalleltotheBL(data2475mm),andtheanglebetweenhullcenterlineis0.616°.RuddercenterlineperpendiculartothehullBL,tothehullcenterline3750mm(#ribislocatedinthe-1).附:軸系拉線(xiàn)工藝布置圖.三.軸系理論中心線(xiàn)的確定:Determinationofthetheoryshaftcenterline1、拉線(xiàn)前的準(zhǔn)備：Thepreparationbeforepullthewire:1.19600平臺(tái)甲板及以下區(qū)域合攏縫焊接完畢.Alltheweldingseambelow9600platformshouldbefinishedwelding.1.2不得隨便移動(dòng)或調(diào)整船墩.Notmoveoradjustthetimberpier

.1.3拉線(xiàn)時(shí)軸系區(qū)域及相鄰銜接區(qū)域應(yīng)停止震動(dòng)性或焊接性作業(yè).Theshaftregionandadjacentareasofconvergenceshouldstopshakingorweldingoperationsduringpulling.1.4應(yīng)盡量避免在強(qiáng)陽(yáng)光下進(jìn)行，可在陰天或早晚時(shí)間進(jìn)行。Shouldbeavoidedinstrongsunshinecanbedoingincloudytimeormorningandeveningtime.1.5船體找線(xiàn):船體中心線(xiàn)、船體基線(xiàn)及縱橫傾由船體部門(mén)確定并報(bào)驗(yàn)合格.Confirmtheline:thehullcenterline,thehullbaseline,andverticalandhorizontaltiltshouldbeconfirmedbythehulldepartmentandpasstheinspection.1.6軸系拉線(xiàn)時(shí)所需要的工量卡具等準(zhǔn)備好（游標(biāo)卡尺、卡鉗、線(xiàn)錘、手錘、劃針、眼沖、50米卷尺，等Preparealltheinvolvedtools(suchasverniercaliper,calipers,lineshammer,handhammer,drawneedle,eyesred,50-metertapemeasure,etc.)1.7軸系拉線(xiàn)應(yīng)準(zhǔn)備以下圖紙：Preparethefollowingdrawings:軸系布置圖；(SRC511-420-01)Shaftarrangement：(SRC511-420-01)主機(jī)、減速齒輪箱、軸帶發(fā)電機(jī)安裝圖SRC511-424-03InstallationdiagramforM/E,gearbox&shaftgeneratorSRC511-424-031.8主機(jī)、齒輪箱吊運(yùn)核算：整機(jī)重量、鋼絲繩規(guī)格、主機(jī)外形尺寸、按主機(jī)出廠時(shí)的吊裝點(diǎn)，準(zhǔn)備好吊裝工具。主機(jī)、齒輪箱底座用廠家配套好的底座直接吊裝上船，并保證主機(jī)、齒輪箱在軸線(xiàn)的上方。不至于影響以后的工作。主機(jī)、齒輪箱、軸帶發(fā)電機(jī)吊裝到位后要對(duì)其采取有效的固定和保護(hù)措施。（特別是在出水塢時(shí)更要對(duì)主機(jī)、齒輪箱、軸發(fā)進(jìn)行固定，以免發(fā)生側(cè)翻事故）M/EandgearboxliftingAccounting:machineweight,wireropespecifications,theM/EDimensions.Preparealltools,accordingtotheliftingpointfromtheM/Efactory.M/EandgearboxfoundationwhichwassuppliedbythemanufacturerwillbeliftingonboarddirectlyandensurethatM/Eandgearboxonthetopoftheshaft,sonotaffectthefuturework.AftertheM/E,gearboxandshaftgeneratorareintheirfinalplace,takesomeeffectivefixedandprotectivemeasurestothem.2.粗拉線(xiàn)基點(diǎn)和基準(zhǔn)靶的確定：Thedeterminationofbasicpointandbasictargetforcrudepulling.因該船的船體基線(xiàn)在船皮的里面（船皮厚度為13mm），根據(jù)輪機(jī)安裝需要，高度方向以船體報(bào)驗(yàn)合格的基線(xiàn)為準(zhǔn)，用激光經(jīng)緯儀定點(diǎn)至船塢標(biāo)桿及各找線(xiàn)架上，作為找高度基準(zhǔn)；左、右方向以船體合攏時(shí)，放在水塢中間的中心線(xiàn)為準(zhǔn)（也可以尾分段上的中心線(xiàn)校核），在尾部（從-4#到14#肋位）支起找線(xiàn)支架，以軸線(xiàn)高度拉起鋼絲，向兩側(cè)量出軸線(xiàn)距中數(shù)據(jù)（4#肋位距船舯4900mm、33#肋位距船舯5121mm、-3#肋位距船舯4855mm），Duetothehullbaselineisinsideoftheshellplate(shellplate’sthicknessis13mm),accordingtorequirementsofthemachineryinstallation,wewillchoosethequalifiedBLandusealasertheodolitefixedtothedockpoleandtheshelftodeterminetheheight;theleftandrightdirection,accordingtothecenterlineinthedockwhichwasdecidedduringthehullerected,(canalsoaccordingtothecenterlineintheaftblock),startingbranchstentintheaft(fromafterFr4#andbeforeFr14#),withahighdegreeofshaftlinetopullwiretobothsides,andrecordthedata(4900mmfromFr4#tothemid-ship,5121mmfromFr33#tothemid-ship,4855mmfromFr-3#tothemidship),thefrontandbackpositionwillbasedonframepositionwhichwasdeterminedonthebottomofthedockduringtheerection.說(shuō)明：-3#肋位點(diǎn)用作激光找線(xiàn)，定位激光器用。Instruction:Fr3#canbetakenasthepointwithalaser,usepositioninglaser.2.2軸線(xiàn)艉基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)確定FR-4，距基線(xiàn)高度為2475mm；艏基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)定在FR33，距基線(xiàn)高度為2475mm基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)與軸系理論中心線(xiàn)重合.其上、下偏移值應(yīng)≤7mm，左右對(duì)中偏移值≤3mm，兩舷相同SternreferencepointofShaftlineisFR-4,2475mmheightfromthebaseline;bowreferencepointsetatFR33,thereferencepointwhichis2475mmheightfromthebaselinecoincideswiththetheoryshaftcenterline.Itsupperandloweroffsetshouldbe≤7mm,aboutrighttheoffsetvalue≤3mm,boththeportandstarboardaresame.2.3根據(jù)確定好的艏、艉基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)的位置，安裝艏、尾拉線(xiàn)架，拉線(xiàn)架應(yīng)焊接牢固。Accordingtotheconfirmedlocationofbowreferencepointandsternreferencepointtoinstallthepullframe,pullframeshouldbeweldedfirmly3.粗拉線(xiàn)（拉鋼絲線(xiàn)）：CrudePull(pullwireline):3.1 在找線(xiàn)架間穿入鋼絲，采用吊重物的方法進(jìn)行拉線(xiàn)。鋼絲要求為0.8mm彈簧鋼材料，無(wú)銹無(wú)痕、無(wú)扭曲；在尾拉線(xiàn)架掛60kg重物。Pullthesteelwirethroughthepullframes,andusingthemethodofhangingheavypull.Thematerialrequirementsofsteelwireis0.8mmspringsteel,norustandnoscar,nodistortion;hanging60kgweightattheend.3.2具體數(shù)值參考下面的計(jì)算。Thedetaileddataseethefollowingcalculation 鋼絲撓度按如下公式計(jì)算：Thedeflectionofthesteelwirecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula: Y=QX(L-X)/2T Y: 欲計(jì)算點(diǎn)的下垂度（撓度）（m）Y:deflection(m) Q: 均布負(fù)荷（g/m）Q:equispaced

loading（g/m） X: 計(jì)算撓度處距基點(diǎn)的距離(m)X:thedistancefromthedeflectiontothereferencepoint T: 拉力(g)T: pullg) L: 測(cè)量段兩基點(diǎn)的距離(m)L:thedistancebetweenthetworeferencepoints3.3取拉線(xiàn)鋼絲直徑d=0.8mmTakingPullwirediameterd=0.8mm,accordingtotheaboveformula： 均布負(fù)荷Q=3.95（g/m）UniformLoadingQ=3.95（g/m） 拉力T=60000 (g)PullT=60000 (g)艏、尾基準(zhǔn)靶的距離L=25.35(m)（FR-4#-FR12#的肋位數(shù)據(jù)為600mm、FR12#-FR33#的肋位數(shù)據(jù)為750mm）Bow,tailbasedistanceofthetargetL=25.35(m)(FR-4#-FR12#rib-bitdataforthe600mm,FR12#-FR33#rib-bitdatato750mm)。Bow,tailbasedistanceofthetargetL=25.35(m)(FR-4#-FR12#rib-bitdataforthe600mm,FR12#-FR33#rib-bitdatato750mm)計(jì)算撓度處距基準(zhǔn)靶的距離：Thedistancefromcalculatedeflectionplacetothetargetbenchmark：尾軸管套管的后端面：X1=5.283m（FR4+483Sterntubesleeverearendsurface:X1=5.283m(FR4+483)尾軸管套管的前端面：X2=10.5m（FR13+150）Sterntubesleevefrontendsurface:X2=10.5m（FR13+150）齒輪箱基座處：X3=15.6m（FR20#肋位）Gearboxfoundation:X3=15.6m（FR20#）主機(jī)基座處：X4=20.1m(FR26#肋位)M/Efoundation:X4=20.1m(FR26#)根據(jù)公式計(jì)算撓度值如下：Accordingtoformula,thedeflectionisasfollows: Y1=3.49mm；Y2=Y3=5.01mm；Y4=詳見(jiàn)“軸系拉線(xiàn)布置圖”See“shaftlinearrangement”3.4根據(jù)拉線(xiàn)結(jié)果，確定主機(jī)、齒輪箱位置，測(cè)量主機(jī)座面板到軸系理論中心線(xiàn)的垂直距離并記錄。主機(jī)基座面板的上平面高于軸線(xiàn)315mm，齒輪箱基座面板的上平面低于軸線(xiàn)160mm，（以上兩組數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源于主機(jī)、齒輪箱認(rèn)可圖），以保證主機(jī)、齒輪箱墊片厚度在30mm~AccordingtothealignmentresultstodeterminethelocationofM/Eandgearbox,measureandrecordedtheverticaldistancebetweenM/Efoundationpaneltothetheoryshaftcenterline.TheM/Efoundationpaneluppersurfaceabovetheshaft315mm,gearboxfoundationpaneluppersurfacebelowtheshaft160mm,(theabovetwodatafromM/Eandgearboxesapproveddrawings)toensurethegasketthicknessofM/Eandgearboxis30mm~50mm.3.5所有檢驗(yàn)合格后，在船體結(jié)構(gòu)上做出兩基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)和兩基準(zhǔn)靶點(diǎn)的位置標(biāo)記，作為精拉線(xiàn)時(shí)參考。并向船東、船檢交驗(yàn)。Afteralltheinspectionpass,markthelocationoftwobasepointsandtwobasetargetpointsinthehullstructure,asthereferenceforexactlyalignment.andsubmitinspectiontoownerandSurveyor..四、艉軸管套管的鏜孔Theboreholeofsterntubesleeve1.去掉鋼絲線(xiàn)，根據(jù)拉線(xiàn)時(shí)-3#肋位留下的標(biāo)記，于前端33#肋位找線(xiàn)架中心，將激光器定位好，需提前做好激光器支架及測(cè)量人員平臺(tái)，激光器支架與人員平臺(tái)應(yīng)獨(dú)立，以防止人員在平臺(tái)上行走動(dòng)搖了激光器。Removesthesteelwire,accordingtomarkwhichwasleftduringpullFr-3#,locatesthelaserinfrontofFr33#alignmentcenter,preparelasersupportandthesurveycrewsplatformindependently,toavoidtheshakingoflaserwhenpersonnelwalkingintheplatform.另外，為便于激光器挪動(dòng)后，重新快速定位。在軸系方向上，尾管套管前端面向前2m左右（在18#肋位左右），再安裝一個(gè)找線(xiàn)架，激光器調(diào)整該找線(xiàn)架的中心與激光點(diǎn)重合后固定牢靠。Moreover,inordertolocatelasereasilyafterthelasermove,installanalignmentshelfintheshaftingdirection,about2m(aboutFr18#position)beforethefrontsideofsterntubesleeve,fixtheshelffirmlywhenthecenterofshelfcoincidethelaserpoint.2．分別將鏜桿的四個(gè)滑動(dòng)軸承安裝在X1=4.8m（FR4#肋位），X2=7.2m（FR8#肋位），X3=9.45m（FR12-150），X4=10.5m（FR14）。軸承上安裝有較為緊配的帶中心小孔的找線(xiàn)光靶，用激光器調(diào)整檢查四個(gè)滑動(dòng)軸承內(nèi)孔中心線(xiàn)，在確定好的軸系中心線(xiàn)上，固定滑動(dòng)軸承座。因支架2、支架3安裝在尾管套管內(nèi)，所以需人員從套管前端進(jìn)入，先將支架2定位、固定好，在定位支架3。InstallsseparatelytheboringrodfourslidingbearinginX1=4.8m(FR4#position),X2=7.2m(FR8#position),X3=9.45m(FR12-150),X4=10.5m(FR14).Onthebearingtheinstalllighttargetwhichmatchescentereyelettightly.Withthelasertune-upinspectionfourslidingbearingsintheholemiddleline,Fixthebearingseatintheshaftingmiddleline.Becausethesupport2and3installintheinsideofsterntubesleeve,thereforethepersonnelshouldenterfromthesterntubesleeve,firstlyfixsupport2well,andthenlocatethesupport3.3．將四個(gè)滑動(dòng)軸承內(nèi)孔用棉紗擦拭干凈，涂上潤(rùn)滑油，將鏜孔機(jī)的鏜桿運(yùn)到船體尾部并擦拭干凈，然后自尾向首將鏜桿穿入四個(gè)軸承內(nèi)（注意不得碰撞），鏜桿應(yīng)能轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)自如。Cleanthefourslidingbearingswithcottonyarnandthenapplythelubricatingoil,transportsborer'sboringrodtothehullaftpartandclean,then,fromthetailpenetratestotheheadtheboringrodinfourbearings(nocollision),theboringrodbeabletorotatefreely.4．將鏜孔機(jī)安放在2~3#肋位處，并用100×100×10的角鋼及180#槽鋼加以支撐，支撐應(yīng)牢固，調(diào)整鏜孔與鏜桿中心線(xiàn)一致，其偏移值≤1.5mm，然后將鏜桿與絲桿用萬(wàn)向節(jié)連接好，鏜孔機(jī)對(duì)中后應(yīng)固定在支架上，量具有內(nèi)卡鉗、鋼板尺、扳手等。PutBorerinFr2~3#position,andsupportwith100×100×10theanglesteelandthe180#channelsteel,thesupportshouldbereliable,theadjustmentboreswiththeboringrodmiddlelineisconsistent,itsdriftrate≤1.5mm,thenconnectstheboringrodandtheleadscrewwiththeuniversaljoint,borershouldfixonthesupportaftercentering,themeasuringinstrumentincludesinsidecalipergauge,thesteelrule,thespannerandsoon5．用一合適的帶劃針的V型塊，安放于鏜桿外圓上，調(diào)整劃針半徑，用手工繞鏜桿外圓分別在尾軸管套管的后端面，劃∮530mm的加工圓和劃∮620mm的檢驗(yàn)圓，尾軸管套管的前端面劃∮510mm的加工圓和劃∮590ChooseasuitableVblockthatwithamarkingawl,placeitintheouterannulusofboringrod,adjusttheradiusofmarkingawl,delimits∮530mmtheprocessingcircleanddelimits∮620mmtheexaminationcirclewithcirclestheboringrodouterannulusmanuallyseparatelyintheendofthesterntubesleeve,delimits∮510mmtheprocessingcircleanddelimits∮590mmexaminationcircleinthefront6．四個(gè)滑動(dòng)軸承內(nèi)孔與鏜桿外圓的配合間隙在0.08mm左右，檢查鏜孔機(jī)設(shè)備及各部位情況合格后，通電開(kāi)動(dòng)鏜孔機(jī)低速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)5min，停機(jī)后將鏜孔刀具安裝在鏜桿上，調(diào)整刀具并固定好，開(kāi)機(jī)試鏜削加工。刀具應(yīng)多準(zhǔn)備備用刀具。toleranceclearancebetweentheholeoffourslidingbearingsandtheboringrodouterannulusisabout0.08mm,afterinspectingtheborerequipmentandvariousspotssituationqualified,connectthepowerandstartborerslowlyrevolute5min,aftertheenginestop,thedrillingtoolwillbeinstalledontheboringrod,adjuststhecuttingtoolandfixedwell,startingtriestoprocessboring.Thesparecuttingtoolsshouldbeprepared.7．根據(jù)尾柱內(nèi)孔加工尺寸分粗、精加工。粗鏜加工后，要檢驗(yàn)已經(jīng)加工的尺寸線(xiàn)與檢驗(yàn)圓情況，偏差控制在≤0.5mm，以確保鏜孔中心符合要求，然后進(jìn)行精加工。精加工后檢驗(yàn)已加工內(nèi)孔尺寸線(xiàn)與檢驗(yàn)圓周線(xiàn)應(yīng)相符，偏差控制在≤0.5mm。鏜孔后加工內(nèi)孔的圓度和圓柱度≤0.Accordingtotheholesizeofsternframeseparateitintounfinishedprocessingandrefinedprocessing.Afterboringprocessing,mustexaminethesizelinewhichalreadyprocessedwithtoexaminethecirclesituation,thedeviationshould≤0.5mmtoguaranteethatboresthecentertomeettherequirement,andthencarryouttherefinedprocessing.Aftertherefinedprocessing,theholesizeshouldincorrespondwithexaminecircle,deviationshould≤0.5mm.Intheboringholeafterprocessingroundnessandthecylindricity≤0.5mm,meettherequirementofdrawing.8、加工完成后，由檢查人員驗(yàn)收合格，可以拆下鏜排。此時(shí)，艉軸管套管的中心線(xiàn)就是軸系的實(shí)際中心線(xiàn)。Aftertheprocessingcompletes,afterapprovedbytheinspectors,boringbarcanberemove.Themiddlelineofsterntubesleevedrivepipe'sistheshaftingactualmiddleline.注意：1、在鏜孔過(guò)程中，可進(jìn)行舵系找線(xiàn)及舵筒定位、焊接。Intheprocessofboring,rudderalignment,trunklocationandweldingcanbecarriedout.9、清潔艉軸管套管，可用清潔的煤油清洗尾軸管套管內(nèi)部的防銹油、機(jī)油，也可用壓縮空氣將尾管吹干凈,油漆施工人員應(yīng)對(duì)尾管套管內(nèi)被破壞的油漆進(jìn)行重新修補(bǔ)，并將內(nèi)部清潔干凈。Cleansterntubesleeve,cleancoaloilisavailabletocleanpicklingoil,machineoilinsideofsterntubesleeve;alsocanusecompressedairtoblowcleanly,thepaintdamageareainsidethesterntubesleeveshouldberepairedandcleaned.10、尾軸管吊裝,將尾軸管上澆注樹(shù)脂用的密封圈（澆注環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂用的）與尾軸管用鐵絲擰緊，防止在安裝尾軸管時(shí)，將其移位或損壞，根據(jù)圖紙尺寸要求安裝尾管。為防止密封圈損壞，尾管安裝過(guò)程中，需在尾管內(nèi)穿一根∮114*7mm長(zhǎng)8m的無(wú)縫鋼管，前端裝一吊鼻，在機(jī)艙內(nèi)用手拉葫蘆將尾管抬起，穿進(jìn)機(jī)艙。Abouttheliftingofsterntube,inordertoavoidthedamageandmovementofthesterntubeduringtheinstallation,screwupthesealring(epoxyresin),thesterntubewillbeinstalledaccordingtothedrawingsize.Inordertopreventthesealringdamage,intheinstallationprocess,passthrougha∮114*7mmlong8mseamlesspipeinsidethesterntube,installaliftingringinthefrontside,liftsthesterntubewiththechainblockintheengineroomandpassthroughtheengineroom.注意：1、鋼管表面應(yīng)清潔無(wú)銹，以防鐵銹掉落在尾管內(nèi)；Note:1.Inordertoavoidtherustfallintothesterntube,thesteelpipesurfaceshouldfreeofrust.2、在鋼管與白合金軸承接觸處用膠皮包好，以防壓壞合金軸承。Inordertoavoidthedamageofalloy,wrapssecurelyinthesteelpipeandthewhitealloybearingcontactplacewiththerubber尾管穿到位后，尾管前端將壓蓋安裝完成后，再將尾管前、后兩端分別用四只M20的內(nèi)六角螺栓將尾軸管頂起，將激光器定位在-3#肋位，根據(jù)18#及33#找線(xiàn)架重新快速確定激光器。再在尾管前、后端面安裝找線(xiàn)光靶（光靶與尾管應(yīng)適當(dāng)緊配），采用激光找線(xiàn)的方法對(duì)尾軸管進(jìn)行精確的定位，并向船東、船檢交驗(yàn)合格。AfterthesuccessfulinstallationofthesterntubejackupthesterntubewithfourM20inhexagonboltsintwoends.ThelaserwillbelocatedinFr-3#position,accordingto18#and33#shelffastdefinitelaser.lighttarget(lighttargetandsterntubeshouldmatchtightly)willbeinstalledatthetwoendsofsterntube,usesthelasertoadjustthelinethegetthepreciselocalizationtothesterntube,andsubmittheinspectiontoshipownerandABSSurveyorandbeaccepted.施工人員應(yīng)提前準(zhǔn)備好鉆頭、加長(zhǎng)絲錐、磁力鉆，對(duì)前、后尾柱進(jìn)行配鉆、鉸12-M20X40的孔，將安裝螺栓外部涂上環(huán)氧廠家提供的脫氧劑，再擰到螺孔內(nèi)。并將前、后各4只頂絲與尾柱的外圓平齊割掉,并打上樹(shù)脂廠家自備的密封膠。Theconstructorsshouldpreparethedrillbit,thelengthenscrewtap,themagneticforcetodrillinadvance,carriesontothebeforeandaftermatchesdrills,hinge12-M20X40holesinthefrontmizzenmastandaftmizzenmast,theboltswillbecoveredwithdeoxidizerwhichtheepoxyfactoryprovidesandthentwistsitintothespiralhole.Andcuteach4jackscrewsandmizzenmastouterannulustogether,atlastgetsthesealantwhichtheresinfactorysuppliesforoneself.測(cè)深尺SoundingRuler后不銹鋼襯套偏心量測(cè)量表格Frontstainlesssteelsleeveoffsetmeasureblank前不銹鋼襯套偏心量測(cè)量表格Afterstainlesssteelsleeveoffsetmeasureblank環(huán)氧澆注前，一定要確認(rèn)后密封裝置上的測(cè)深孔調(diào)整在12點(diǎn)鐘的位置，以利于準(zhǔn)確的測(cè)量尾軸的下沉量。Beforetheepoxycasting,mustconfirmthesoundingholeofthesealplantbeadjustedin12o’clockposition,infavortomeasuretheexactdeflectionofsterntube.通知樹(shù)脂廠家工作人員對(duì)尾軸管進(jìn)行澆注。（具體的操作步驟按樹(shù)脂廠家的要求）。施工人員應(yīng)提前準(zhǔn)備好碘鎢燈或電熱毯及棉被，對(duì)環(huán)氧澆注部分進(jìn)行保溫。Informtheresinfactorystafftocarryoutthecastingtothesterntube.(sequenceofoperationaccordingtoresinfactoryrequest).Theconstructorsshouldpreparetheiodine-tungstenlamp,theelectricblanketandthecotton-waddedquiltaheadoftime,carriesouttheheatpreservationtotheepoxycastingpart.對(duì)尾軸管內(nèi)的冷卻水管路；前、后密封裝置滑油管路；前、后溫度傳感器等要注意安裝，并對(duì)相應(yīng)的管路做氣密試驗(yàn)。（增加壓力實(shí)驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)）Payattentiontotheinstallationofcoolingwaterpipeinsidethesterntubefrontandaftersealplantlubricatedoilpipeandsensors,andtesttheairtighttesttotheconcernedpipes.11、將螺旋槳軸調(diào)運(yùn)到船體尾部提前做好的支架上，協(xié)助廠家提前將槳葉及液壓油管安裝好，用棉紗將螺旋槳軸擦拭干凈，先將后密封裝置裝入尾軸上，借助手拉葫蘆將尾軸慢慢地穿入尾軸管內(nèi)，（注意：穿的過(guò)程不能碰傷白合金軸套）。尾軸分左、右舷。Transportsthepropellershafttothehullrearpartandputthemonthesupportwhichcompletesaheadoftime,assiststhefactorytoinstallthebladeandthehydraulicpressuredrilltube,cleantheshaftscrewwiththecottoninadvance,andtheninstallthesealplantintothesterntube.Withthehelpofthechainblockpenetratesthesternshaftslowlyintothesterntube.(Note:duringtheprocessingdon’tinjurethewhitealloyshaftsleeve).Sternshaftmakeoutportandstarboard.12、安裝到位后，要檢查白合金軸套與尾軸的上、下、左、右間隙，要求上部間隙等于尾軸與合金軸承的總間隙，下部間隙為零，左右兩側(cè)間隙約為總間隙的一半（40%～60%）。將前、后密封裝置安裝就緒，按照?qǐng)D紙及產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書(shū)要求調(diào)整好、把緊。（根據(jù)圖紙尺寸將后密封裝置安裝好后，要將尾軸穿裝到位，檢查一下不銹鋼襯套不能頂在尾軸管上或后軸承上）Afterinstallmentsuccessful,mustinspectthegapsbetweenwhitealloyshaftsleeveandsterntube’s,upside:therequestthegapwasequaltothatthescrewshaftandthealloybearing'stotalbacklash,lowerpartnogap,aboutbothsidesgapapproximatelyhalfoftotalbacklash(40%~60%).Thebeforeandafterpackingassemblyinstallmentready,adjuststightlyaccordingtothedrawingandtheproductinstructionbookletrequirements.(Accordingtothesizeindrawingafterinstalltherearsealplant,inspectsstainlesssteelbushingnottobeabletogoagainstonsterntubeorrearbearing)注意：前、后密封裝置的不銹鋼襯套要用百分表測(cè)量同軸度數(shù)據(jù)，記錄、存檔、備查。Note:Thestainlesssteelbushinginfrontandrearsealplantmustusethedialgaugetomeasuretheproperalignmentdataandrecord.后密封護(hù)罩的觀察孔要安裝在尾軸管的正上方。通過(guò)重力油柜將尾軸管加滿(mǎn)潤(rùn)滑油，檢查密封裝置是否漏油。Theobservatoryholeofrearsealguardshouldbeinstalledoverheadthesterntube.thesterntubeshouldbefulfilledwithlubricationoilthroughheavyoiltank,andcheckwhetherhaveleakageornot.前密封裝置油柜安裝簡(jiǎn)圖五、舵系的找線(xiàn)、安裝Theinstallationandalignmentofrudder1．安裝舵筒時(shí)，注意區(qū)分左側(cè)舵筒（Portsidetrunk）和右側(cè)舵筒（Starboardtrunk），而且舵筒還有前面（FORWARD）、后面(AFTEREND)區(qū)分。Whenyouinstalltheruddertube，notonlypayattentiontodistinguishbetweenthePortsidetrunkandStarboardtrunk，butalsodistinguishbetweenforwardtrunkandafterendtrunk.2、根據(jù)圖紙定位尺寸，先在塢內(nèi)-1#肋位，高度與軸線(xiàn)平齊處，從左到右拉上鋼絲，并在地面放上粉線(xiàn)。從船舯鋼絲分別向左、右量出3750mm，用線(xiàn)錘錘至地面并做好標(biāo)記，做為舵桿中心基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)A。用激光經(jīng)緯儀根據(jù)該基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)A確定舵機(jī)艙頂部舵桿中心基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)B。根據(jù)A、B點(diǎn)拉出鋼絲，底部掛上重物，此鋼絲應(yīng)為舵桿理論中心線(xiàn)。該線(xiàn)與船體基線(xiàn)垂直偏移≤4mm。Accordingtothelocationsizeofdrawing,firstintheFr-1#ofthedock,takewirefromlefttoright,heightandshaftlineinconcert,andputchalklineontheground.Measuring3750mmfrommid-shiptoleftandrightandwithplumbdowntothegroundandmakingamarkasdatummarkAofrudderstockcentre.WithlasertheodoliteaccordingtothedatummarkAtodeterminedatummarkBofrudderstockcentreatthetopofcabin.AccordingtoA,Bpoints,pullingwire,hangingweightathebottom,thiswireshouldbethetheorycenterlineoftherubberstock.Offsetofthelinetothehullbaseline≤4mm.舵臺(tái)距基線(xiàn)高度數(shù)為5225，須實(shí)測(cè)確認(rèn)，誤差±5mm。Rudderplatformfrombaselineisaheightof5225,mustbemeasuredtoconfirm,thetolerancewithintherangeof±5mm.3．根據(jù)鋼絲調(diào)整舵筒居中，誤差≤±1.5mm，并用抹板抹好。并向船東、船檢交驗(yàn)。交驗(yàn)合格后對(duì)舵桿套筒施焊，焊接應(yīng)采取對(duì)稱(chēng)焊，并時(shí)刻測(cè)量舵筒數(shù)據(jù)。舵筒焊接完成后重新測(cè)量舵筒距中數(shù)據(jù)，并向船東、船檢交驗(yàn)。AdjustthetrunkintheMiddleaccordingthewire,thetolerancewithintherangeof±1.5mm,andsubmittotheshipownersandsurveyforexamination.Afterbeingacceptedbyownerweldtherudderstock,takentobuttwelding,andmeasuredataofrudderstockshouldbemeasuredererytime.注意：焊接套筒之前，應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確對(duì)中，套筒法蘭上有標(biāo)記，注意：小舵葉和主舵葉要保持度。舵套筒底部要嚴(yán)格對(duì)中，這樣小舵葉連桿才能與之對(duì)齊。Note:Beforeweldingsleeve,Shouldbeaccurateinthecenter,makeamarkonthesleeveflange,note:smallrudderbladeandthemainrudderbladeshouldbemaintainedtheOdegrees.Thebottomoftheruddershouldbestrictlyinthecenter,sothesmallrudderbladeramcanbealignedwithit.4、舵承（合成纖維）已經(jīng)裝到套筒中，施工溫度不應(yīng)該超過(guò)60攝氏度，否則將損壞舵承。Rudderbearing(syntheticfiber)hasbeenfittedintothesleeve,Thetemperatureshouldbenomorethan60degreesduringtheconstruction,otherwiseitwilldamagerudderbearing.5、安裝舵桿、舵葉、高壓液壓泵等附件時(shí)要遵照舵機(jī)廠家現(xiàn)場(chǎng)服務(wù)工程師的指導(dǎo)。Installationofarudderstock,rudderblade,high-pressurehydraulicpumpandotheraccessoriesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeguidanceofsiteserviceengineersfromthesteeringgearmanufacturer.6、舵葉全部安裝完后，進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)舵實(shí)驗(yàn)（左、右各45度），記錄下舵承與舵桿前、后、左、右的間隙，并做零位標(biāo)記。Afterallrudderbladeareinstalled,steeringexperiment(leftandrightsideturn45°),recordtheclearanceofrudderbearingwithrudderstockfront,back,leftandrightsides,anddozeromark.六、船舶下水后的軸系校中與主機(jī)固定ThefixofM/Eandalignmentofshaftafterlaunching1.軸系校中的條件：Theconditionofshaftalignment:1.1螺旋槳及軸系安裝完畢并符合要求.Theinstallationofpropellerandshaftlinewerefinishedandfulfilltherequirements.1.2撤出主機(jī)和齒輪箱廠家配帶的底座，使主機(jī)、齒輪箱初步定位完畢并基本符合要求，軸系與齒輪箱脫開(kāi).Moveoutthefoundationsofmainengineandgearboxthatcomefrommanufacturer,theinitialpositionofmainengineandgearboxhasbefinishedthatmeetthebasicrequirement,trippingoffshaftingwithgearingbox.1.3船舶的排水量應(yīng)不小于空載排水量的85%。Thewaterdischargeofvesselshouldbenolessthan85％ofno-loaddischarge.1.4軸系區(qū)域及與相鄰銜接區(qū)域應(yīng)停止振動(dòng)性作業(yè)及焊接作業(yè)。VibrationandweldingoperationsshouldbestoppedinShaftandadjacentareas.1.5應(yīng)盡量避免在強(qiáng)陽(yáng)光下進(jìn)行，可在陰天或早晚時(shí)間進(jìn)行.Shouldbeavoidedinstrongsunshinecanbedoneincloudytimeormorningandeveningtime.1.6船舶下水后3~4天穩(wěn)定時(shí)間后進(jìn)行.Canbedoneinthestabilizedtime3~4daysafterlaunching.2、齒輪箱與尾軸的對(duì)中Thealignmentofgearboxandsternshaft2.1、將尾軸的液壓法蘭根據(jù)圖紙尺寸壓裝到位，不用對(duì)尾軸及法蘭采取任何的支撐措施，（但要在尾軸的上方采取有效的支架保護(hù)，以免工作人員踩踏，影響對(duì)中的效果），根據(jù)尾軸及液壓法蘭的自重來(lái)精確的定位齒輪箱。Mountthehydraulicflangeofthesternshaftwithoutanysupporttotheshaftandtheflange,usedrawingforreference.(buttakeprotectiveaction,forexample,putastagingabovetheshaftifnecessarytoavoidofstandingdirectlyontheshaft,whichmayreducethealignmenteffect),locatethegearboxbytheweightofhydraulicflangeandthesternshaft.2.2.找正齒輪箱位置:用尾軸法蘭與齒輪箱輸出法蘭對(duì)中，齒輪箱輸出法蘭比尾軸法蘭高7.48mm，曲折為1.95mm，此數(shù)據(jù)如果不能滿(mǎn)足頂升實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)可以隨時(shí)的進(jìn)行調(diào)整。（見(jiàn)附圖）齒輪箱定位后將前、后、左、右的調(diào)整螺栓擰緊，并對(duì)齒輪箱進(jìn)行臨時(shí)的固定。以為做頂升試驗(yàn)做準(zhǔn)備。將齒輪箱法蘭與尾軸法蘭進(jìn)行連接（可以借助千斤頂將尾軸法蘭頂起）可以用4只備用螺栓對(duì)兩法蘭進(jìn)行緊固，待頂升試驗(yàn)報(bào)檢合格后再將廠家配帶的螺栓安裝到位。Positionthegearbox:Alignthesternshaftflangeandthegearboxoutputflange,thegearboxoutputflangeshouldbehigher7.48mmthanthesternshaftflange,inflectionis1.95mm,(seetheattacheddrawing).afterthegearboxpositioned,fasten4piecesofadjustingboltsandsecurethegearboxtemporarilyforpreparationofshaftjackingtest.Fastenboth2flangestogetherwith4piecesofsparebolts,toliftupthetailshaftslightly,ahydraulicjacktoolcanbeused.Afterthejackingtestisapproved,fittheoriginalboltstotheflange.(boltssuppliedbymaker).2.3、根據(jù)圖紙示意的尺寸進(jìn)行頂升試驗(yàn)，由專(zhuān)門(mén)的廠家來(lái)完成軸系的校中計(jì)算。Pleaseuserelateddrawingforreferencetodothejackingtest,theshaftlinealignmentworkshouldbecalculatedbythespecialmaker.2.4頂升試驗(yàn)報(bào)檢合格后對(duì)齒輪箱進(jìn)行研配鑄鋼墊塊并與齒輪箱機(jī)座進(jìn)行配鉆孔工作。WhentheJackietestisapproved,makeprepairationofselectingcastchocks,anddrillingthebedplatefoundationforthegearbox.測(cè)量齒輪箱底座面與基座的間隙，確定墊片厚度。活動(dòng)墊片厚度通常留有0.2～0.3mm刮配加工余量。齒輪箱鋼質(zhì)墊片厚度應(yīng)≥15mm，墊片組成數(shù)不超過(guò)2塊。固定墊片安裝后應(yīng)具有1：100（極限1：50）的外傾斜面（方便研磨墊片）。Measuretheclearancebetweenthegearboxfoundationandthebase,sothattheproperheightchockcanbemade.thecastchockforgearboxshouldbehigherthan15mmwhichshouldnotbemorethan2pieces,thefixedchockhasaratioof1:100declinesurfaceandthesurfacetowardsoutward,sothatgrindingthesurfacewillbeeasilyreached.墊片與基座及機(jī)座間的接觸應(yīng)良好，經(jīng)刮磨到位后，接觸比≥70%，用色油檢查時(shí)每25mm×25mm范圍內(nèi)著色點(diǎn)不少于3個(gè)，0.05mm塞尺插入的深度不大于10mm。Thereshouldbeagoodcontactbetweenthechocksandthebedplateafterthechocksscratched,thecontactratiotobelargerthan70%,bluecheckshouldbecarriedoutandthecolorpointsshouldbenotlessthan3ineach25mm2,thelengthofinsertionoffeelergaugeshouldbelessthan10mm.活動(dòng)墊片用點(diǎn)焊固定后，使用風(fēng)鉆通過(guò)機(jī)座上的螺孔直接在墊片及基座上鉆孔。Aftermovablechocksareinstalledandwelded,holesshouldbedrilledtothefoundationthroughthethreadholeonthebedplate.根據(jù)鉆好的孔來(lái)配適當(dāng)?shù)穆菟?，（齒輪箱螺栓孔根據(jù)圖紙要求不需要進(jìn)行鉸配）Selectproperboltsaccordingtothedrillholediameter.將連接螺栓安裝好后，按規(guī)定力矩(力矩為3600N/m)將螺栓擰緊，并報(bào)檢合格。Fastentheboltswithatorquewrenchusingaforceof3600N/m,andthensubmitinspectionforapproval.在齒輪箱的徑向位置上研配四組止退墊塊，來(lái)滿(mǎn)足圖紙要求。installanother4setsofthrustchockonthegearboxtransverseposition,seedrawing.3、主機(jī)與齒輪箱的對(duì)中M/Eandgearboxalignment3.1、主機(jī)和齒輪箱采用高彈聯(lián)軸器連接，連接軸校中采用百分表指針?lè)?。根?jù)高彈聯(lián)軸器連接尺寸（475,1+0.5mm見(jiàn)附圖）將主機(jī)初步定位，以保證高彈聯(lián)軸器的縱向安裝空間。主機(jī)在定位前要對(duì)曲拐值、曲軸的軸向串量進(jìn)行測(cè)量，作為對(duì)中的原始依據(jù)。M/Eisconnectedtothegearboxbyaflexiblecoupling,thatshaftalignmentischeckedbydialgaugereading,pre-positiontheM/Ebasedonthedimensionsofflexiblecoupling,ensuretherehasenoughspaceforcouplerinstallation.BeforeM/Eispositioned,takemeasurementofM/Ecrankshaftdeflectionandshaftlongitudinaltoleranceasrecord.3.2、以齒輪箱輸入法蘭為基準(zhǔn)來(lái)精確定位主機(jī)，將兩個(gè)百分表座分別安放在齒輪箱輸入法蘭端面和外圓上，再分別將兩個(gè)百分表指針適當(dāng)觸到主機(jī)飛輪端面和外圓上(見(jiàn)齒輪箱主機(jī)百分表對(duì)中示意圖)，采用百分表指針?lè)▽?duì)中.轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)齒輪箱法蘭帶動(dòng)表針，通過(guò)百分表讀數(shù)來(lái)調(diào)整主機(jī)頂絲和彎板頂絲，使主機(jī)上下左右及前后的精確定位.齒輪箱輸入法蘭與主機(jī)飛輪端其徑向偏移值≤0.50mm，曲折值≤0.40mm，要精確調(diào)整好主機(jī)飛輪后端面至齒輪箱輸入法蘭端面距離=高彈聯(lián)軸器的長(zhǎng)度，并考慮主機(jī)曲軸的軸向間隙值在中間(百分表校中)，主機(jī)定位后，將上下頂絲和彎板頂絲固定好，并檢查測(cè)量與船體基座的環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂墊片厚度在40mm左右.PositionM/Ebasedontheoutputflangeofgearboxandinstall2dialgaugessupport,onesetontheflangesurfaceandanotherontheencircle,thenmakethedialgaugeendsslightlycontactmentionedposition.(refertothedrawings),turnthegearboxflangeandcheckdialgaugereading,adjustthevariousM/Ejackingboltsgentlyandgraduallytopositiontheshaftprecisely,checkthegearboxflangeandM/Eflywheelend,makesurethefinalresultofSAGislessthan0.4mm,andGAPislessthan0.5mm.CheckthedistancebetweenM/Eflywheelaftendstogearboxoutputshaftend,whichsho