考研英語作文

PAGEPAGE166考研英語作文1、身體健康類（1）1997年真題。Directions:Studythefollowingsetofpicturescarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan120words.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.Youressayshouldcoveralltheinformationprovidedandmeettherequirementsbelow:1.Interpretthefollowingpictures.2.Predictthetendencyoftobaccoconsumptionandgiveyourreasons.真題分析：這是典型的圖表+提綱式的命題，題目中提供的材料十分豐富，包括柱狀圖、餅狀圖以及其他相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。組圖充分反映了當(dāng)代煙草消費(fèi)的規(guī)模、危害和趨勢，是人們普遍關(guān)心的熱點(diǎn)話題之一。通過對組圖的分析，我們可以看出煙草在全世界有著十分龐大的消費(fèi)群體規(guī)模，每年因?yàn)闊煵菹M(fèi)消耗的資金數(shù)額大得驚人，同時也有數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人由于煙草消費(fèi)而被奪去了生命。當(dāng)然，我們從圖中也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一個令人欣喜的趨勢，那就是煙草的總產(chǎn)量在近幾年呈下降的態(tài)勢，一定程度上說明了煙草消費(fèi)引起的健康問題開始得到了人們的重視，并出現(xiàn)了相關(guān)的解決措施。本題的難點(diǎn)在于圖表給的信息量太大，考生如何最恰當(dāng)?shù)卦谌闹惺褂脭?shù)據(jù)將決定文章的質(zhì)量。如果一味將所有數(shù)據(jù)都堆在第一段，會造成第一段過于冗長，全文頭重腳輕。在下面的范文中，圖表數(shù)字得到了靈活的運(yùn)用，比較得體。比如文章在一開始先用煙民人數(shù)占全世界人數(shù)的比例來說明了煙草消費(fèi)的巨大規(guī)模，然后又通過該行業(yè)消耗的人民財(cái)產(chǎn)和生命進(jìn)一步說明產(chǎn)業(yè)之大、對人類危害之重。而至于第一幅圖中關(guān)于煙草產(chǎn)量的數(shù)字則被用到了第二段中來說明未來的趨勢，非常得體、恰當(dāng)。思路拓展：近年來國人越來越關(guān)注健康問題，隨著2008年北京奧運(yùn)會的即將到來，在中國更是掀起了全民健身的熱潮。因此健康問題將是中國社會的一個長期熱點(diǎn)問題，考生應(yīng)該在這方面積累素材、有所準(zhǔn)備。相關(guān)話題可以引申到知識分子的身體健康問題、全民健身熱潮、健康意識、鍛煉身體的習(xí)慣、健康與安全等等，這些都是平時經(jīng)?？梢杂龅降囊恍┰掝}。范文：Tobaccoisoneofthecommoditiesthatareconsumedinanimmenseamountworldwide.Fromthepictures,wecanlearnthattheglobalsmokingpopulationamountsto1.1billion,approximately20%ofalltheworlds’residents.200billiondollarsarespentannuallyinordertopurchasetobaccoandrelevantproducts,whichfurtherstimulatethebusiness’flourishingdevelopment.Meanwhile,theharmcausedbytobaccoconsumptionisexperiencingasimilarupwardtrend—statisticsindicatesthat3,000,000peopledieofsmokingandrelateddiseaseseveryyear.Nevertheless,giventhepessimisticstatisticsatthepresent,wecanstillpredictoptimisticallythattobaccoconsumptionwilldeclinebasedonseveralnewtendenciesthatareemerging.Inthefirstplace,thereisanextensivepublicawarenessofthenegativeimpactofsmoking,andasaresult,morepeopleresistthetempetationofcigarettes.Inthesecondplace,governmentsaresettingmoreregulationstolimittobaccoproduction.Theeffectivenessofsuchapolicywastestifiedbythepromptdropofthetobaccoproductionfrom14.364billionin1994poundsto14.2billionpoundsin1995asseeninthepicture.Inshort,Ifirmlybelievethat,withtheeffortsofthewholesociety,wecanlaunchmoremovementstorealizeacleanerworldwithlesssmoking.譯文：煙草是一種在全世界有著巨大消費(fèi)量的商品。從圖中我們可以看出，全世界的煙民已經(jīng)到達(dá)了11億，約占全世界總?cè)丝诘?0%。人們每年花在購買煙草以及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的費(fèi)用就達(dá)20億美元，進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)了煙草業(yè)的繁榮。同時，煙草消費(fèi)帶來的危害也日益增長——統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示每年有300萬人死于由抽煙引起的相關(guān)疾病。盡管目前的數(shù)據(jù)非常悲觀，但是從一些新的趨勢中，我們可以樂觀地預(yù)測煙草消費(fèi)將會有所下降。首先，公眾普遍意識到了抽煙的負(fù)面效應(yīng)，因此，越來越多的人拒絕煙癮。其次，各國政府正在制定各項(xiàng)措施限制煙草的生產(chǎn)。圖中顯示煙草生產(chǎn)從1994年的143.64億磅下降到了1995年的14.2億磅，這就證明了政府措施的有效性?？偠灾覉?jiān)信在全社會的努力下，我們可以發(fā)起更多的運(yùn)動，來實(shí)現(xiàn)一個更干凈的無煙世界。閃光詞匯及詞組：inanimmenseamount:以極大的數(shù)量amountto:達(dá)到，總計(jì)approximately:adv.大約，近似annually:adv.年度地，每年一次purchase:v./n.采購，購買flourishing:adj.繁榮的，欣欣向榮的decline:下降、衰落emerge:v.出現(xiàn)，浮出temptation:n.誘惑testify:v.測試launch:v.發(fā)行，發(fā)起，投入萬能句型：Fromthepictures,wecanlearnthat…Nevertheless,giventhepessimisticstatisticsatthepresent,wecanstillpredictoptimisticallythatInthefirstplace…Inthesecondplace…Inshort,Ifirmlybelievethat(2)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)stateyourpointofview.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.知識分子健康差壽命短范文：ThepicturedepictsatypicalChinesescholarwhokeepsworkinglateatnight,whilethepresenceofhiswifeandchildbehindclearlyindicatestheman’spressureofsupportingawholefamily.Whatisstrikinglynoticeableisthescholar’sexceptionalskinniness,butitcanbeeasilyexplainedbythesimplefood,bottlesofmedicine,andpoorworkingenvironmentshowninthepicture.Thediscernableunhealthinessofthishard-workingscholardisclosesaprevalentphenomenonthathaslongexistedinChina’sacademia.Intellectualsarenothighlyrespectedandtheyenjoyunsatisfactorymaterialbenefitswithparticularlyunattractivesalariesduetolowsocialposition.Inaddition,family,social,andacademicstressesaresoimmenselyexertedonintellectualsthattheyareforcedtoworkdiligentlyandceaselessly.Asaresult,theintegrationofpoorlivingconditionsandworkpressureleadsnaturallytotheirpoorhealthandshortlife-span,justasthepictureshowsus.Thesituationisratherdepressingbecauseintellectualsinfactcontributegreatlytoourcountry’sdevelopment,anditislargelyowingtotheirpainstakingeffortsthatpavethewayforadvancementandprosperity.Tosolvethisproblem,Ithinkthereshouldbeathrivingsocialtrendofshowingrespecttoknowledgeandintellects,andthosewhoendeavortoexplorenewknowledgeshouldberewardedwithgoodlivingandworkingconditions.譯文：這幅圖刻畫了一個典型的中國知識分子的形象，他一直工作到深夜，背后的妻子和孩子顯示了他有著很大的養(yǎng)家的壓力。值得我們注意的是這個學(xué)者格外削瘦，但這很容易通過圖中簡單的食物、藥罐以及較差的工作環(huán)境得到解釋。這個勤奮學(xué)者的不健康狀況顯示出中國學(xué)術(shù)界一個長期存在的現(xiàn)象。一方面，知識分子沒有受到尊重，他們享受的物質(zhì)條件也非常差，尤其是由于他們的社會地位很低，他們的工資也相應(yīng)地非常少。另一方面，知識分子們承擔(dān)著巨大的家庭、社會和學(xué)術(shù)壓力，導(dǎo)致他們被迫非常勤奮地不停地工作。因此，惡劣的生活條件和巨大的工作壓力自然導(dǎo)致他們較差的健康和較短的壽命，正如圖中告訴我們的那樣。這種情況非常令人失望，因?yàn)橹R分子實(shí)際上對我們國家的發(fā)展做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)，而且正是因?yàn)樗麄兊牟恍概σ蛄宋覈陌l(fā)達(dá)和繁榮。為了解決這個問題，我認(rèn)為全社會要掀起尊重知識、尊重知識分子的高潮，而那些辛勤地探索新知識的人們應(yīng)該得到較好的工作和生活環(huán)境等回報(bào)。閃光詞匯及詞組：exceptional:adj.例外的，特別的skinniness:n.消瘦discernable:adj.可觀察到的，可辨別的disclose:v.揭露，透露prevalent:n.普遍的，流行的academia:n.學(xué)術(shù)界immensely:adv.非常，廣大的，巨大的diligently:adv勤勉地life-span:n.壽命painstaking:adj.努力的pavethewayto:為……鋪平道路，為……做好準(zhǔn)備endeavor:v.努力，盡力萬能句型：Thepicturedepicts…Whatisstrikinglynoticeableis…Thesituationisratherdepressingbecause…Tosolvetheproblem,Ithinkthereshouldbe……itislargelyowingto…(3)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)stateyourpointofview.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.范文：Thepicturedepictsamanwhoishappilysingingandwalkinghomewithhiscutedog.Heiscomingbackfromworkcarryinghisbriefcase,andhemusthavestoppedbythemarketonhisway,buyingvegetablesandfish.Asissuggestedbythepicture,heisexercisingbywavingthebriefcaseandbaskettogether.Thepictureisthought-provokinginthatitendeavorstoconvinceitsaudiencethatwecanactuallyexerciseanywhere,aslongaswehavetheawarenessofpreservinghealthbyexercise.Nowadaysalargenumberofpeopleengageinbrainwork,andlackadequatephysicalmovement.Moreover,manyofthemholdthisdeep-rootedviewthatinordertoexercisetheymustsqueezetimefromtheirfullscheduletogotoagym.Thereforetheytendnottoexercisesimplyduetotheirscantytime.However,thefactisthatitisquiteeasyforeverybodytoexercisewhilewalkingonstreets,travelingonbuses,andevenlyingonbed—say,doingyoga.Ireckonthattheconsciousnessofmaintaininghealthissignificantforbothindividualsandthewholesociety.Ontheindividuallevel,itisvividlyevidencedbythemaninthepicturethathisexerciseimproveshishealthandmoodaswell.Onthesociallevel,theimprovementinqualityoflifecontributesvastlytoaharmonioussociety.譯文：這幅圖描繪了一個男人高興地一邊唱著歌一邊和他那可愛的小狗一起走回家。很顯然他領(lǐng)著公文包下班回來，而且順路去市場買了一些蔬菜和魚。圖中畫出了他揮動著分別拎著公文包和菜籃的雙手在做運(yùn)動。這幅圖非常發(fā)人深思，它使人們相信我們其實(shí)可以在任何地方運(yùn)動，只要我們有通過運(yùn)動來保持健康的意識。當(dāng)今時代有很多人都從事腦力勞動，因而缺乏足夠的身體運(yùn)動。此外，很多人都有一種非常根深蒂固的想法，即為了鍛煉身體我們必須要從滿滿當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)臅r間表中抽出一點(diǎn)時間去健身房鍛煉。因此他們都會因?yàn)闀r間不夠而逃避鍛煉。但是，實(shí)際上每個人都可以非常容易地通過在街上走路、坐公交車、甚至是在床上進(jìn)行鍛煉，比如說做瑜伽。我認(rèn)為保持健康的意識對于個人和整個社會都十分重要。對于個人來說，這幅圖上的男人生動地證明了通過鍛煉身體，既能促進(jìn)健康又能改善心情。對于社會來說，人口生活質(zhì)量的改進(jìn)會對和諧社會做出巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。閃光詞匯及詞組：cute:adj.可愛的stopby:順便經(jīng)過aslongas:只要preserve:v.保持engagein:使從事于,參加brainwork:n.腦力勞動adequate:adj.足夠的deep-rooted:adj.根深蒂固的squeeze:v.擠出scanty:adj.缺乏的，不足的yoga:n.瑜伽reckon:v.認(rèn)為，估計(jì)evidence:v.表明,證明;顯示utilize:v.利用萬能句型：Asissuggestedbythepicture…Thepictureisthought-provokinginthatitendeavorstoconvinceitsaudiencethat…Ireckonthat…Ontheindividuallevel…Onthesociallevel…(4)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)stateyourpointofview.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.范文：Thecartoonfeaturesamanwholooksfat,wealthyandgreedyforfood.Heisinsatiablydevouringatableofdeliciousfood,whilewearesurprisedtofindthatthewaiterisservinghimwithevenmoredishes.Wecannothelpworryingwhetherthisman’sstomachcanbearsoheavyaloadallofasudden.Asthecaptionpointsout,excessiveloveforfoodexertsnegativeinfluencesonhealth.Wheneverinfrontofdishesofsuperbtaste,weneedtokeepinmindthatacertainamountoffoodisenoughtosustainus.Equally,thesametruthappliestoabunchofourotherhabits.Inotherwords,itisamusttolimitanyhobby,orelseitmayleadtodisaster.Anothertypicalexamplewouldbemanyfolks’devotionforcomputergames.Playingcomputergamesnowandthenisaninterestingentertainment,butanaddictiontothemwouldsurelydetachpeoplefromtheirtimecommitmenttonormalworkandstudy.Asaresult,Ibelievethatlimitationplaysadecisiveroleinmaintaininghealthyhabitsinoureverydaylife.Moreover,weshouldlearntocontrolourdesiresandsometimesgreed.Properlimitationalwaysleadstoasoundandjoviallife.譯文：這幅圖刻畫了一個看起來很胖、很富有也很貪吃的男人。他正在毫不知足地吞吃著一桌的美食，而我們驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)服務(wù)員正在上更多的菜。但是，我們不禁擔(dān)心他的胃是否能夠一下子承擔(dān)如此多的負(fù)擔(dān)。正如標(biāo)題所提示的那樣，貪吃對于人們的健康只會產(chǎn)生負(fù)面效應(yīng)。當(dāng)我們面對一桌美味佳肴的時候，我們必須要謹(jǐn)記我們只需要一部分食物就足夠生活了。同樣，這個道理也適用于其他的生活習(xí)慣。也就是說，喜愛任何事物都必須要有一個“度”。否則就有可能導(dǎo)致悲劇。另一個典型例子就是很多人沉迷于電子游戲。偶爾玩一下電子游戲是一種非常好的娛樂方式，但是一旦上癮就會影響人們正常的學(xué)習(xí)和工作的時間投入。因此，我認(rèn)為掌握好“度”對于保持我們在日常生活中健康的習(xí)慣起著關(guān)鍵性的作用。此外，我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會控制我們的欲望甚至貪婪。合適的“度”才能讓我們有一個健康、快樂和完整的生活。閃光詞匯及詞組：insatiably:adj.不知足地，貪得無厭地devour:v.吞吃superb:adj.極好的keepinmind:記住orelse:否則folk:n.人們commitment:n.許諾greed:n,貪婪jovial:adj.快活的，高興的萬能句型：Thecartoonfeatures……whilewearesurprisedtofindthat…Wecannothelpworryingabout…Asthecaptionpointsout…(5)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)stateyourpointofview.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.范文：Thedrawingshowsamanwhodepositsasmallamountofmoneyintothebankandthatturnsouttobesomefortunewhenhetakesawaythemoneylater.Onemightthinkitisabankadvertisement,butinfact,asthesubtitlesuggests,itisapromotionthatencouragesallpeopletoformthehabitofexercising.Theartistusesthisuniquemetaphorinordertoendowuswiththeconceptthat,tohabituallyexercisesisliketodepositmoneybitbybitinthebank.Ifwemanagetoexerciseeverydayforaconsiderableperiodoftime,thehabitwouldcontributeinvaluablytoourhealth.Ifirmlybelievethatexerciseshouldbecomealife-longpursuit,partandparcelofourlife.Inthisway,notonlywillourlongevitybegreatlylengthened,theimprovementandmaintenanceofhealthcouldalsoleadtoahappierlife.AttheeveofChina’shostingthe2008OlympicGames,Ithinkitishightimetolaunchacampaignspurringeverycitizentoexercise.Thoughbeingdifficultatthebeginning,weshouldbeawarethatexerciseisalong-terminvestmentthatmightbenefitusevenmorethanouranticipation.譯文：這幅圖刻畫了一個男人把一筆錢存入銀行，以后當(dāng)他取出這筆錢的時候已經(jīng)是一筆不小的財(cái)富了。我們可能會以為這是一個銀行的廣告，但是實(shí)際上題目暗示了這是在鼓勵人們養(yǎng)成鍛煉身體的好習(xí)慣。通過這個獨(dú)特的比喻，作畫者意在讓我們接受這樣的一個概念，即鍛煉身體的習(xí)慣就像往銀行中一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地存錢。如果我們堅(jiān)持在一段時間里每天鍛煉，這個習(xí)慣對于我們健康的貢獻(xiàn)將是無價(jià)的。而且我堅(jiān)信鍛煉是一項(xiàng)一生都應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持的事情，是我們生活的一個重要組成部分。這不僅能夠延長人們的壽命，而且健康的改進(jìn)和保持會給人們帶來一個更加幸福快樂的生活。因此，在北京舉辦2008年奧運(yùn)會的前夕，我認(rèn)為這是一個非常好的時機(jī)發(fā)起全民健身的熱潮。盡管堅(jiān)持這個習(xí)慣在一開始比較困難，但是我們應(yīng)該相信鍛煉是一種一生的投資，我們可能得到比我們預(yù)期更多的收獲。閃光詞匯及詞組：deposit:v.存錢fortune:n.財(cái)產(chǎn)，財(cái)富endow:v.賦予concept:n.概念habitually:adv.習(xí)慣地bitbybit:一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地invaluably:adv.無價(jià)地，非常貴重lengthen:v.延長，加長attheeve:在……之前spur:v.鞭策，刺激investment:n.投資anticipation:n.期望萬能句型：Onemightthinkitis…butinfact,asthesubtitlesuggests,itis…Theartistusesthisuniquemetaphorinorderto…Ifirmlybelievethat…Attheeveof…Ithinkitishightimeto…(6)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)stateyourpointofview.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.范文：Whatthedrawingistryingtoexpressisveryconspicuous.Itshowspeoplewhoareenergeticallyrunning,playingbasketball,anddoingotherkindsofsports.Moreover,atthebottomofthepicturearefourhugecharacters,meaning“sports”and“health”,whichtargetsatremindingusthatsportsandhealthareintrinsicallyconnected.Intoday’sworld,mostpeopleareincreasinglyawareoftheimportanceofmaintaininghealth,soastoenjoyingbetterlifequalityandlongevity.Inordertopossessahealthybody,notonlyneedwekeepanutritiousdietandadequatesleep,itiscrucialforindividualstoformthehabitofexercisingregularly.Doingsportswillgreatlyincreasepeople’smetabolism,andstrengthenourphysique.Sportsalsohelptorefreshpeople’smindfrombrainworkalldayandnight,andevenmoresurprisingly,exercisingcanstimulatepeople’sbrainstoworkmoreactivelyandcreatively.Allinall,Ifirmlybelievethatsportsarenotthebusinessofasmallgroupofathletes,butalife-longpursuitthateverypersonshouldbearinmindandendeavortoputitintopractice.Notonlydosportsbenefitindividuals,theimprovementofthenation’shealthwouldbeahugecontributiontoourcountry’sdevelopment.譯文：這幅圖試圖表達(dá)的信息是非常明顯的。上面畫著人們在精力充沛地跑步、打籃球、以及做其他各種運(yùn)動。此外，在圖的底部寫著四個巨大的字，意思是“運(yùn)動”和“健康”，意在提醒人們運(yùn)動和健康是有著內(nèi)在的緊密聯(lián)系的。在當(dāng)今社會，大多數(shù)人越來越意識到保持健康的重要性，這樣才能夠享受更好的生活質(zhì)量和長壽。為了得到一個健康的身體，我們不僅不要保持營養(yǎng)的飲食、充分的睡眠等，更重要的是人們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成有規(guī)律地鍛煉身體的習(xí)慣。一方面，運(yùn)動可以大大改善人們的新陳代謝系統(tǒng)，是人們的身體結(jié)構(gòu)更加強(qiáng)壯。另一方面，運(yùn)動能夠幫助人們在夜以繼日的腦力勞動后振奮精神，更驚人的是，鍛煉身體可以使我們的大腦更加積極和富有創(chuàng)意地工作?？偟膩碚f，我堅(jiān)信運(yùn)動不僅僅是運(yùn)動員的事情，更是每一個人一生應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持牢記在心和努力實(shí)踐的事情。不僅個人可以從運(yùn)動中獲益，整體國民健康的提高對于我們國家的發(fā)展是一個巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。閃光詞匯及詞組：energetic:adj.精力充沛的，積極的target:v.把…作為目標(biāo)intrinsic:adj.內(nèi)在的，固有的，本質(zhì)的nutritious:adj.有營養(yǎng)的adequate:adj.充分的，足夠的crucial:adj.至關(guān)緊要的metabolism:n.新陳代謝refresh:v.(使)精神振作,(使)精力恢復(fù),更新萬能句型：Whatthedrawingistryingtoexpressisveryconspicuous.Allinall,Ifirmlybelievethat…(7)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)stateyourpointofview.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.范文：ThispicturedescribesthesceneofaverytypicalfamilyworkshopwhichwemightfindineveryneighborhoodinChina.Awomanisbusymakingbeancurdwhileherhusbandrunstoherhilariously,sayingthattheyhavefinallyobtainedthe“sanitationlicense”.However,wefindtheconditionoftheirworkplaceisquitedisgusting,withfliescirclingandahogpennearby.Thesanitationproblemoffamilyworkshopsinthefoodindustryhasexistedforalongtime.Itcanbemainlyattributedtotwofactors.Thefirstandperhapskeyfactoristheignoranceofsanitation.Manyworkshopsareinheritedfamilybusinesses,andthustheownersareusedtofollowingtraditionalcraftworkthatpaysnoattentiononsanitation.Theotherreasonliesonsomebusinessmen’sshortofoccupationaldisciplines.Inordertosavecostandmakeprofit,theyadopttheworstequipmentindirtyconditions,regardlessofconsumerhealth.Ithasbeenprovedthatfoodproducedinpoorsanitaryconditioncangreatlyaffectpeople’shealthandhappiness.Forthesakeofbenefitingpeople’,ourgovernmenthasinitiatedaggressiveprogramstoadvocatetheimportanceofsanitation.Illegalfoodworkshopswithunhealthysurroundingshouldneverconnive,butshouldbeseverelypunishedandforcefullyclosed.譯文：這幅圖描繪了一個非常典型的中國式家庭作坊的情景。一個女人正忙著做豆腐，此時他的丈夫歡天喜地地跑過來告訴她他們終于拿到了“衛(wèi)生許可證”。但是，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的工作場所的衛(wèi)生條件令人惡心，蒼蠅飛來飛去，旁邊就是一個豬圈。食品工業(yè)中家庭作坊的衛(wèi)生問題已經(jīng)由來已久。其中主要有兩個原因。第一個也是最重要的一個因素是人們?nèi)狈πl(wèi)生意識。許多作坊都是代代相傳的家庭生意，因此作坊主們習(xí)慣于使用并不怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)衛(wèi)生設(shè)施的傳統(tǒng)工藝。另一個原因在于有些生意人缺乏職業(yè)紀(jì)律。為了節(jié)省成本、創(chuàng)造更多的利潤，他們在骯臟的環(huán)境中使用最差的工具進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)，而全然不顧消費(fèi)者的健康。很多例子都可以證明在較差的衛(wèi)生條件下生產(chǎn)出來的食品會嚴(yán)重影響人們的健康和幸福。為了人們的利益，我們的政府已經(jīng)采取了積極的措施來倡導(dǎo)衛(wèi)生的重要性。那些有著不健康環(huán)境的非法食品作坊不能得到縱容，而必須得到嚴(yán)厲的懲罰和堅(jiān)決的取締。閃光詞匯及詞組：familyworkshop:家庭作坊neighborhood:n.鄰近，附近hilarious:adj.歡鬧的sanitation:n.衛(wèi)生，衛(wèi)生設(shè)施hogpen:n.豬圈foodindustry:食品工業(yè)craftwork:n.工藝shortof:缺乏，缺少regardlessof:不管，不顧forthesakeof:為了connive:v.默許，縱容，放任，假裝不見萬能句型：Thispicturedescribesthesceneof…Itmainlyattributestotworeasons.Thefirstandperhapskeyfactoris…Theotherreasonlieson…(8)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)suggestcounter-measures.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.范文：Inthepicture,weareamazedtofindthatthegodofdeathissittingmaliciouslyonabuswhosedriverdozedoffwhiledriving.Itclearlytellsusthatinthedomainoftransportation,therearehiddendangerseverywhereshouldwebecomecareless.Trafficaccidentshavelongbeenaproblemsincetheinventionofautomobiles,andarebecominganincreasinglysevereproblembecauseoftheboomofpopulation,aswellasthemassproductionofallformsofautomobiles.Therearemorereasonsforthisissue.Firstly,manytruckdriversareforcedtodrivedaysandnightswithlittlerestsimplybecausetheiremployersdesiremoreprofit.Secondly,alotofcitizensdriveafterdrinkingalcohol,reactingslowlywhenencounteringemergency.Thirdly,quiteanumberofyoungpeopleenjoyacceleration,buttheirlimiteddrivingskillsfrequentlyleadtotragedies.Judgingfromtheanalysisabove,wemaysafelycometotheconclusionthatthedauntingproblemdemandseffectivecounter-measures.Mostimportantly,thegovernmentneedstoimplementsufficientlyrelevantlawsandregulationsinordertostrengtheninspection.Inaddition,allresidentsshouldbeawareofthehiddendangersintransportationandinsistinkeepingalertwheneverdriving.譯文：在這幅圖中，我們驚奇地看到死神正坐在一輛行駛的車上，惡毒地看著車中正在打瞌睡的司機(jī)。該圖顯然在告訴我們在交通領(lǐng)域，我們一旦不小心就會有許多潛在的危險(xiǎn)。交通事故自從汽車發(fā)明以來就一直是一個問題，現(xiàn)在由于人口的增長和各種汽車的大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)、這個問題變得越來越嚴(yán)重。此外，導(dǎo)致這個問題的原因還有很多。首先，很多卡車駕駛員被迫日夜不停地駕駛，因?yàn)樗麄兊墓椭飨胭嵏嗟睦麧?。第二，許多市民在酒后駕駛，一旦發(fā)生緊急情況他們的反應(yīng)會比較遲緩。第三，很多年輕人喜歡高速駕駛，但是他們的駕車技術(shù)有限，導(dǎo)致了很多悲劇。從上面的分析中，我們認(rèn)為必須采取有效的措施來接決這一問題。最重要的是政府應(yīng)該采取充分的法律法規(guī)來加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管力度。此外，人們要普遍地意識到交通中許多潛在危險(xiǎn)，因此我們在駕車的時候一定要保持警惕。閃光詞匯及詞組：malicious:adj.惡意的，惡毒的dozeoff:v.打瞌睡domain:n.領(lǐng)域，范圍massproduction:大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)daysandnights:日日夜夜地encounter:v.面對，面臨emergency:n.緊急情況，突然事件alcohol:n.酒，酒精acceleration:n.快速駕車daunting:使人畏縮的inspection:n.檢查，視察萬能句型：Inthepicture,weareamazedtofindthat…Itclearlytellsusthat…Therearemorereasonsforthisissue.Judgingfromtheanalysisabove,wemaysafelycometotheconclusionthat…2、職業(yè)道德類（1）1998年真題。Directions:Studythefollowingsetofpicturescarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan150words.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.Youressayshouldcoveralltheinformationprovidedandmeettherequirementsbelow:1.Writeoutthemessageconveyedbythecartoon.2.Giveyourcomments.真題分析：本題是考研短文作文中采用漫畫來作為試題的第一次嘗試。圖中一只母雞在高唱產(chǎn)品承諾，但是我們看一看其承諾會不禁啞然失笑，因?yàn)樗^的“承諾”只不過的它的本分。漫畫形象生動了反映了當(dāng)今社會上一個普遍而又奇怪的現(xiàn)象，也就是商家故意混淆“吹噓”和“分內(nèi)事”之間的關(guān)系，從而誤導(dǎo)消費(fèi)者。本題的難點(diǎn)在于考生需要從大量的文字信息中找到中心思想。這里的一大忌諱就是盲目翻譯打油詩和母雞的承諾，因?yàn)檫@不僅會占用很多字?jǐn)?shù)，而且不倫不類的翻譯還會降低文章的質(zhì)量。這就進(jìn)一步說明了在寫作圖畫作文的時候，抓住中心思想、提煉觀點(diǎn)才是關(guān)鍵。思路拓展：職業(yè)道德問題也是中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展中一個值得人們長期關(guān)注的關(guān)鍵問題之一。在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)大潮中，許多人在利益的驅(qū)使下紛紛都失去了道德和理智，以假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品和劣質(zhì)的服務(wù)來欺瞞消費(fèi)者，損害消費(fèi)者的利益。相關(guān)話題還包括近年來社會上大力抨擊的商業(yè)欺詐問題，以及努力倡導(dǎo)“誠信”原則等。相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域幾乎可以囊括各行各業(yè)，包括工業(yè)制造業(yè)、商業(yè)、教育、醫(yī)藥、娛樂界等等熱門行業(yè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)?？忌鷳?yīng)該注意在平時搜集相關(guān)資料，做到舉一反三。范文：Thecartoonpresentsahensingingproudlyaboutherpromiseofproducinggood-qualityeggs.However,aquickglanceatherwordsrevealsironicallythattheso-called“promise”—roundeggscomposedofthethreenecessarypartsofshell,whiteandyolk—is,asamatteroffact,whatahenissupposedtoproduce.Thehenmirrorsaphenomenonthatpermeatesoursociety,thatis,businessesutilizethebasicfeaturesoftheirproductsandservicesasthesellingpointsfortheiradvertisementcampaigns.These“beautifulpromises”tendtoshapeafalseimpressionintheconsumers’mindthattheproductsandservicesareofextraordinarycharacteristics.Inthissense,thepromiseofone’sownresponsibilityislikeamethodofcheating,andisquiteagainstprofessionalmorals,althoughthereisnoevidenceofdishonestyifthewordsareexaminedliterally.Inmypointofview,otherthanpromisingwhatoneshoulddo,thesecretforbusinesssuccessistohavetheconsumersunderstandwhatextraadvantagestheywouldbeprovidedwith.Suchaninitiativecanpushbusinessestoconductprofoundresearch,dedicatethemselvestoinnovation,andconcentrateonqualityimprovementandperfection,thusleadingtohealthyindustrydevelopmentandpositivesocialeffects.Consequently,businessesthemselvesaresurelytobenefitmorefromawholesomemarketenvironment.譯文：這幅漫畫顯示了一只母雞正在驕傲地高歌其生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)質(zhì)雞蛋?？墒瞧骋谎鬯f的話，我們就能發(fā)現(xiàn)所謂的“承諾”—即下蛋不見棱角，保證蛋皮、蛋清和蛋黃—其實(shí)是任何母雞應(yīng)該做的事情。這只母雞反映了現(xiàn)在社會上普遍存在的一個典型現(xiàn)象，即一些商家在廣告中故意用產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的基本特征來作為宣傳的噱頭。這些“美麗的承諾”給消費(fèi)者們造成了虛假的印象，使他們認(rèn)為面對著的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)擁有一些非凡的特點(diǎn)。從這個意義上來說，對于自己本該履行的責(zé)任的承諾就好像商業(yè)欺騙，違反了職業(yè)道德，盡管從字面上來說沒有欺詐的痕跡。我認(rèn)為，商業(yè)成功的秘密不在于承諾做自己應(yīng)該做的事情，而是應(yīng)該讓消費(fèi)者得到額外的好處。這會促使企業(yè)加大和深入研究工作、致力于創(chuàng)新、關(guān)注產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的提高和完善，從而取得健康的產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展和積極的社會效應(yīng)。商家自身也會因此從一個更加健康的市場環(huán)境中得到更多的好處。閃光詞匯及詞組：so-called:所謂的asamatteroffact:實(shí)際上utilize:v.利用sellingpoints:adj.賣點(diǎn)tendto:易于，傾向于inthissense:在這個意義上，萬能句型：Thecartoonpresents…However,aquickglanceat…revealsironicallythat……mirrorsaphenomenonthatpermeatesoursociety,thatis…Inmypointofview…Consequently…(2)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)suggestcounter-measures.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.“憂”質(zhì)產(chǎn)品范文：Theabovepicturefeaturesamanwhoisquitebotheredanddissatisfiedwithhisnewtoothbrush,whichisofpoorquality.Asthecaptionindicates,thetoothbrushisnotaproductofgoodattributes,butofunsatisfactoryones.Wecanalsoguessthatsuchatoothbrushmayhurttheman’steethaswellashismood,inconveniencinghimgreatly.Itismorethanclearonthisoccasionthatthecartoonistwishestodrawmoreattentiontotheproblemofpoor-qualityproductsprevailinginoursociety.Theharmofsuchaphenomenonisself-evident.Onthemicrolevel,consumersarevastlyhurtbytheseproducts,whichmightevenbelife-threatening.Onthemacrolevel,iflow-qualityproductscontinuetospread,theywilldamagethenormalfunctionandoperationofahealthymarketeconomy.Therefore,Istronglycontendthatimmediatemeasuresbeadoptedtoaddressthequandary.Firstandforemost,thegovernmentshouldmakerelevantregulationssoastoseverelypunishmanufacturersofpoorproducts.Secondly,ConsumerAssociationandotherlegalprocedureshouldbefurthersmoothedsothatconsumerspossesstherightchanneltoreportrelatedissues.Lastbutnotleast,enterprisesandcompaniesshouldenhancetheirawarenessoftheimportanceofproceedingexcellentcommodities.譯文：上圖畫出了一個男人對于他的新牙刷感到十分不滿和煩惱，因?yàn)樵撗浪⒌馁|(zhì)量太差。正如標(biāo)題所示，這支牙刷并不是優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品，而是“憂”質(zhì)產(chǎn)品。我們可以猜到這支牙刷不僅可能傷害這個人的牙齒，也破壞了他的心情，給他帶來了很多不便。很清楚，作圖者希望更多的人關(guān)注社會上泛濫的低質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品的問題。這種現(xiàn)象的害處是不言自明的。從微觀角度看，這類產(chǎn)品會極大地傷害消費(fèi)者的利益，甚至可能威脅到他們的生命。從宏觀角度看，如果低質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品繼續(xù)傳播到我們社會的每一個角落，就會破壞健康市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的正常功能和運(yùn)行。因此，我強(qiáng)烈建議必須要采取緊急的措施來處理這個問題。首先，政府應(yīng)該制定相關(guān)法規(guī)，嚴(yán)懲造假者。其次，健全消費(fèi)者協(xié)會和其他的訴訟機(jī)制，以便消費(fèi)者能夠有一個順暢的渠道來報(bào)告類似事件。最后，企業(yè)和公司要提高對生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品重要性的認(rèn)識。閃光詞匯及詞組：bother:v.煩擾、打擾caption:n.標(biāo)題attribute:n.特點(diǎn)、特征mood:n.心情、情緒prevailing:adj.流行的self-evident:adj.不言而喻的，不證自明的vastly:adv.廣大地，很大程度上life-threatening:v.威脅生命的spread:v.傳播quandary:n.困境smooth:v.使……順利channel:n.渠道萬能句型：Theabovepicturefeatures…Itismorethanclearonthisoccasionthatthecartoonistwishestodrawmoreattentiontotheproblemof…Onthemicrolevel…Onthemacrolevel…Therefore,Istronglycontendthatimmediatemeasuresbeadoptedtoaddressquandary.(3)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)stateyourpointofview.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.范文：Afirstglanceatthiscartoontellsusthatamatchmakerisattemptingtocreateacrushbetweenamanandawoman.Buttheveilontheheadofthebride-to-becoversthefactthatsheisoldandugly,quiteoppositetowhatthematchmakerisadvertising.Thepicturefurtherpointsoutthatthematchmakersymbolizesfalseadvertisementsandthewomanlow-qualityproducts.Thecartoonsubtlyrevealsaphenomenonfrequentlyhappeninginoursociety—thefalsecommercialadvertisingandpromotion.Theiremergencefirstlyowestothenegativeeffectofagrowingmarketeconomywhichemphasizescompetition.Economicloserfailtolearnthelessoninretrospect,anddedicatethemselvestocheatingcustomersinsteadofimprovingthequalityofproductsandservices.Falseadvertisement,seemstobemostconvenienttoattractclientsandincreaseprofitintheshortrun.However,falseadvertisingcangreatlyendangerindividualsandthewholesociety.Inthelongrunbusinessesmaydamagetheirownimagesbyfakepropaganda,whichhurtsconsumerconfidence.AstheChinesesayinggoes,“thosewhoplayfireareboundtogetburned”,itisonlybygenuineadvertisementandqualifiedproductsthatanenterprisecanprosper.譯文：第一眼看這幅圖時，我們看到的是一個媒婆正在努力讓一對男女互相產(chǎn)生好感。但是我們很快就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這個即將成為新娘的女人并不像媒婆說的那樣好，而是又老又丑。這幅圖進(jìn)一步指出了這個媒婆象征了虛假廣告，而女人象征了偽劣產(chǎn)品。這幅圖指出了我們的社會中一個經(jīng)常發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象——虛假的廣告和推銷。這種現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)部分是由于在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展中，過于強(qiáng)調(diào)競爭而帶來了一些負(fù)面效果。一些經(jīng)濟(jì)競爭的失敗者們沒有反思教訓(xùn)，反而盡力去欺騙消費(fèi)者、不去提高產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的質(zhì)量。虛假廣告在這個時候看起來是吸引消費(fèi)者、在短期內(nèi)增加利潤的最便利的方法。但是，我們不可以忽視虛假廣告會給消費(fèi)者以及全社會利益帶來極大的損害。此外，虛假的廣告宣傳傷害了消費(fèi)者的信心，因此在長期看來會損害企業(yè)自身的形象。總的來說，正如一句中國古語所云：“玩火者自焚”，只有企業(yè)通過真實(shí)的廣告和高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品才能繁榮發(fā)展。閃光詞匯及詞組：matchmaker:n.媒人，媒婆crush:n.好感false:adj.虛假的retrospect:n.回顧intheshortrun:短期內(nèi)inthelongrun:長期內(nèi)negligible:adj.可以忽略的，不予重視的endanger:v.危及inaword:總的來說genuine:adj.真實(shí)的萬能句型：Afirstglanceatthiscartoontellsusthat…Thepicturefurtherpointsoutthat…Thecartoonsubtlyrevealsaphenomenonfrequentlyhappeninginoursociety—Itsemergencefirstlyowesto(4)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.范文：Whenansweringthequestionofhowtobeagoodactor,thosefromthe30sheldtheprinciplethatoneneededtolearnhowtobeamanofintegritybeforeacting,andthosefromthe60sthoughtitwasmostimportanttolearnfromlife,whilecontemporaryactorsbelievethatthedecisivefactorsincludeaprett