四六級(jí)作文模板

精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專(zhuān)心---專(zhuān)注---專(zhuān)業(yè)專(zhuān)心---專(zhuān)注---專(zhuān)業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專(zhuān)心---專(zhuān)注---專(zhuān)業(yè)文章開(kāi)頭我們可以在開(kāi)頭段寫(xiě)：Peoplehavedifferentviewsaboutwhetherindividualscancontributesignificantlytoenvironmentalprotection.Althoughgovernmentsandlargecompaniesarecrucialinaddressingconservationissues,theroleplayedbyindividualsisjustasimportant,

ifnotmoreso.MentionAandwhatcomestomindisB，其中A一般是與事物有關(guān)的品質(zhì)或者特點(diǎn)，B是事物本身。舉個(gè)例子：(1)

Mention

povertyreduction

andwhatcomestomindis

China,wheremorethan500millionpeoplehavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepastthreedecades.(2)

Mention

innovativethinking

andwhatcomestomindis

SteveJobs,amanwhowasaheadofhistimeandwhoreshapedtheITindustry.Ask...howbestto...,andthechancesarethat...是一個(gè)可以借鑒的解決方案類(lèi)話(huà)題開(kāi)頭句型。其中(the)chancesare...等同于itislikely...例如可以說(shuō)：Askateacherhowbesttoimprovestudents'academicperformance,andthechancesare(that)theywillrecommendspendingmoretimeinstudying.Askparentshowbesttopromotechildren'sphysicalwell-being,andthechancesare(that)theywillrecommenddoingmoreoutdooractivities.引入較有爭(zhēng)議的話(huà)題Controversyariseswhen……Thishasraisedconcernsoverthedisappearanceofsomelanguagesandtriggereddebatesaboutwhethergovernmentsshouldsavethem.

表明贊成某事物的態(tài)度/觀點(diǎn)Sthhasthepotentialtochangetheworldforthebetterandshouldthereforebewelcomedasapositivedevelopment.Itisthereforeanexcitingdevelopment,theeffectsofwhichwillbefeltfarandwide.Sthwillstandthetestoftimeforanumberofreasons.Inmyview,theriseinone-personhouseholdscouldhavepositiveconsequencesforindividualsandsocietyasawhole.Althoughman’sventureintospaceiscostlyandoftenrisky,thebenefitsitbringsareenormous,justifyinghugeamountsofspacefunding.（可用于開(kāi)頭/結(jié)尾）揭示現(xiàn)象/問(wèn)題（常用于開(kāi)頭）Thegrowingpopularityofconveniencefoodinrecentyearshasledsometoarguethatsuchfoodwilltaketheplaceoftraditionalfoodanditspreparation.However,Ibelievetraditionalfoodwillsurviveandthrive,becauseitplaysanindispensablepartinourlives.一個(gè)完整的開(kāi)頭模板Fordecades,ithasbeencommonpracticeforrichcountriestogiveaidtotheirpoorcounterparts.However,inrecentyearstherehasbeenagrowingbeliefthatinternationalaidcouldbeharmfultotherecipients.Iagreethatgivingaidtopoorcountriescoulddomoreharmthangood.Thereismuchtalkabout…thoughfew…aredoingmuchaboutit…fallintothislesspopulatedcamp.例如：(1)Thereismuchtalkaboutpovertyreductionaroundtheglobe,thoughfewcountriesaredoingmuchaboutit.Chinafallsintothislesspopulatedcamp,wheremorethan500millionpeoplewereliftedoutofpovertyinthepast30years,aremarkableachievementinhumanhistory.(2)Thereismuchtalkaboutinnovationamongtechfirmbosses,thoughfewaredoingmuchaboutit.ElonMuskfallsintothislesspopulatedcamp.BylaunchingaseriesofprogramssuchasTeslaelectriccarsandSpaceXrockets,hedemonstrateshowinnovativethinkingandboldrisk-takingcanthriveintoday’sworld.…h(huán)asbeenmuchheraldedinrecentyears.用于形容某一現(xiàn)象被人們廣泛關(guān)注和贊揚(yáng)。例如：(1)Theriseinremoteworking/sharingeconomyhasbeenmuchheraldedinrecentyears.(2)Thewidespreaduseofartificialintelligencehasbeenmuchheraldedinrecentyears.Itisnownearlyaxiomaticthat…含義是“……幾乎是不言自明的”，例如：ItisnownearlyaxiomaticthatChinawillsurpasstheU.S.tobecometheworld'slargesteconomy.人們對(duì)某事物（例如變化、趨勢(shì)等）持有不同的看法：Opinionisstilldividedoverwhether…isacauseforconcernorachancefor…其中acauseforconcern是一個(gè)固定搭配，含義是“令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)的事物”舉個(gè)例子：Opinionisstilldividedoverwhethergeneticallymodifiedfoodsareacauseforconcernorachanceforhumanitytofightworldhungerandpoverty以上三句可以連著用人們對(duì)…褒貶不一：……h(huán)asreceivedmixedreviewsfrom…(crritics)人們對(duì)某事有不同看法：Opinionsdifferaboutwhether…isgoodorbad.Boosterspointto…(itsadvantages).Butothersfearthat…Opinionisdividedastowhethergovernmentsshouldusepublicmoneytosupportcreativeartists.WorriesaboutpotentialbiasinAIsystemshaveemergedinawiderangeofareas,fromcriminaljusticetoinsurance.Inrecruitment,toosomethingiseasytodecrybuthardtoprevent，它可以用于說(shuō)明某些不好的現(xiàn)象（比如環(huán)境污染、食品安全、交通堵塞等）很容易批評(píng)，但很難阻止。舉個(gè)例子：Trafficcongestioninbigcities

iseasytodecrybuthardtoprevent.Ashouseholdincomerises,agrowingnumberofcitydwellersarewillingandabletoaffordprivatecars,whichwillcausemoretrafficproblemsintheforeseeablefuture.“公眾對(duì)于……的擔(dān)憂(yōu)在加強(qiáng)”，例如：Afteraseriesofvaccinescandals,publicconcernovervaccinesafetyispickingup.somethinghasthepowertoinflamepassions，含義是“某事（通常是有爭(zhēng)議的事件）能夠激起人們強(qiáng)烈的感情”，比如：Whetheranimalsshouldbeusedinmedicalresearchhasbeendebatedfordecadesandthetopicstill

hasthepowertoinflamepassions,withanimalrightsactivistsclaimingthathumanshavenorighttousethesufferingofotherstoseekbenefits.MuchinkhasbeenspilledaboutimprovingpublicsecuritysincethetragicstampedeinShanghaionNewYear'sEve.“被討論得最多的…，街頭巷議的…”，我們可以說(shuō)：Alibabahasbecomethemosttalked-aboutfirminChinaasitfiledforIPOinUS.要表達(dá)“XX成為熱議的話(huà)題”，我們還可以說(shuō)sthhasbecomethetalkofthetown,thetalkofthetown同樣是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，表示“街頭巷議的話(huà)題”除了上面兩種說(shuō)法之外，還有以下幾種表達(dá)：1.sthisinthespotlight/limelight2.sthisinthepubliceye3.sb'snameisoneveryone'slipsMuchthoughtisbeinggiventhesedaysto...這個(gè)句型來(lái)表達(dá)“目前人們對(duì)…有很多思考”。要表達(dá)“目前人們對(duì)城市疑難問(wèn)題諸如交通擁擠和煙霧有很多思考”，可以說(shuō)Muchthoughtisbeinggiventhesedaystourbanproblemssuchastrafficcongestionandsmog.Concernsoverthepaceofprogress

cametothefore

inFebruary...二月份，領(lǐng)英業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展的速度成為人們關(guān)注的對(duì)象……，其中

concerns/issuescometothefore...這個(gè)句型的含義是“……引起了人們的關(guān)注”...havereinforcedexistingconcernsamong...that...這個(gè)句型，它的含義是“……加深了……對(duì)……的擔(dān)憂(yōu)”，例如可以說(shuō)：ThesoaringhousepricesinChina'sfirst-tiercities

havereinforcedexistingconcernsamong

youngmigrantworkers

that

theywillnotbeabletoaffordthemselvesahouse.Therehasbeencontroversysurroundinggeneticallymodifiedcropssincetheirintroductiondecadesago.Criticsarguethatsuchtechnologycouldposeenvironmentalandhealthhazards,whileproponentsmaintainthebenefitsbroughtbygeneticallymodifiedfoodsfaroutweightheirpotentialrisks.Hasbeenahitwith…受到了…的熱捧Citiesaroundtheworldarestrugglingtodealwithincreasedlevelsofcongestionandpollution.Therisingpopularityofonlineeducationinrecentyearshastriggereddebateabouttheimpactitmayhave.Theroleofmembersofsocietyinenvironmentalprotectionhasbeenthesubjectofintensedebate.Inrichcountriespeople’slivesaregettinglonger,atrendthatcanhavehugeimplicationsforsocietyasawhole,mostlyfortheworse.XXremainsahighlychargedissue.也可以用來(lái)表達(dá)“某話(huà)題充滿(mǎn)爭(zhēng)議”XXisasubjectclosetoone’sheart，以此來(lái)表達(dá)某人對(duì)于某話(huà)題（比如環(huán)境、教育、健康、平權(quán)等）很重視銜接詞Needlesstosay,……反對(duì)者觀點(diǎn)However,somedeem（認(rèn)為）that……Themainargumentagainstgeneticallymodifiedfoodsisthattheycoulddamagetheenvironmentandourhealth.Thesafedisposalofradioactivewasteisalsoaheadacheasitrequiresspecialfacilities.Alltheseleadsometoquestionthefeasibilityofthisenergysource.（下段開(kāi)頭however）Thecounter-argument,however,isthatstudentsshouldberestrictedtosubjectsdeemedusefulbythejobmarket.贊同者觀點(diǎn)Theargumentinfavorofgovernmentsupportforartistsisthatartprojectscanbringgreateconomicandsocietalbenefits.Advocatesof……couldclaimthat……Advocatesofspaceresearchbasetheirargumentsonthebenefitsitcanoffer.……使某問(wèn)題更加突出考場(chǎng)作文可以使用該句型來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)環(huán)境/交通/健康等問(wèn)題，比如：(1)Globalwarmingeffectshavebeen

thrownintosharprelief

bymeltingicecapsintheArctic.(2)Theincreaseinlungdiseasesamongurbandwellers

throwsintorelief

airpollutioncausedbytoomanyprivatecars.今昔比對(duì)（也可用于文章開(kāi)頭）在科技和發(fā)展類(lèi)題材中經(jīng)常會(huì)涉及到對(duì)某一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對(duì)比，例如互聯(lián)網(wǎng)出現(xiàn)之前的生活與現(xiàn)在的生活的對(duì)比，過(guò)去的自然環(huán)境與現(xiàn)在的自然環(huán)境的對(duì)比，過(guò)去的家庭與現(xiàn)在的家庭的對(duì)比等等。Gonearethedayswhen

peoplehadtowriteletterstotheirfriendsandwaitforweeksforareply.Instantmessagingservices

areontheriseandheretostay,makingitpossibleforustocommunicatewithothersanytime,anywhere.通過(guò)借鑒過(guò)去的情況來(lái)決定做某事。Anyadjustmentstopensionliabilitiesshouldbejustifiedbybeliefsaboutthefutureandnotby

lookingintherearviewmirrortosee

whatgiltyieldsusedtobe.Today’slabormarketismuchmorecomplicatedthaninthepast,astechnologicaladvancesaredestroyingandcreatingjobsatanunprecedentedrate.Inlightofthis,itwouldbeimprudentto

lookintherearviewmirrortoseewhataso-calledstablejobusedtobe.段落開(kāi)頭（分論點(diǎn)提出）theargumentthat…restschieflyonthefactthat…，該句型可以用在議論文的段落開(kāi)頭，用來(lái)對(duì)分論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行解釋。Theargumentthat

highereducationshouldbemadeuniversallyavailablerestschieflyonthefactthat

doingsoisinsociety’sbesteconomicinterests.Thefactthat……alsojustifiestheimportanceof……段落結(jié)尾Allthesefactorscombinedexplainthereasonwhyurbanitesarebetteroffthantheirruralcounterparts.Itisthereforewisertoallowuniversitystudentstomakedecisionsontheirown.Allofthesemakeraisingpetrolpricesacrosstheboardatbestunfair,atworstfutile.Suchcasereinforcesthenotionthatindividualscanmakeadifference.Simplyput,……簡(jiǎn)言之Itispragmaticandjustifiable（務(wù)實(shí)且合理的）,therefore,tomakegooduseoftheselivingthings.段落銜接我們寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候可以借鑒這種連接方式，具體方法是在上一個(gè)段落結(jié)尾句構(gòu)造一個(gè)帶有否定意味的句子，然后在下一段開(kāi)頭句采用“倒裝+重復(fù)動(dòng)詞”的形式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)銜接。這樣講可能有點(diǎn)抽象，舉個(gè)具體例子：Somepeoplethinkgivingaidtopoorercountriesbringsmorenegativesthanpositives.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?如果你認(rèn)為國(guó)際援助弊大于利，那么在論述的時(shí)候可以先簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)明一下國(guó)際援助可能帶來(lái)的好處，然后再話(huà)鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)它的負(fù)面影響。中間的轉(zhuǎn)折句就可以用上剛才的句式：（簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)明國(guó)際援助的好處）…Giventhatinternationalaidcanoffersomanybenefitstopoorercountries,itseemsoddthatanyonewouldeven

questionthejustificationforsendingaid.However,questiontheydo,andforgoodreason.Studieshaveidentifiedanumberofproblemsassociatedwithforeignaid.Chiefamongthemiscorruption…（論述國(guó)際援助的負(fù)面影響）觀點(diǎn)站得住腳Theargumentthatforeignvisitorsshouldpaymorethanlocalsforculturalandhistoricalattractions

holdswater,asthelocalpopulationalreadypaymoneytothesesitesthroughthetaxsystem.觀點(diǎn)站不住腳（否定某觀點(diǎn)）Doesnotholdwatersomethingisentirelyunfounded，它可以用來(lái)說(shuō)明觀點(diǎn)、消息、論證等沒(méi)有根據(jù)，站不住腳。舉個(gè)例子，有這樣一道雅思作文題：Individualscandonothingtoprotecttheenvironment;onlygovernmentsandlargecompaniescanmakeadifference.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?如果你想完全反對(duì)題目中的觀點(diǎn)，就可以說(shuō)：Theclaimthatonlygovernmentsandlargecompaniescanprotecttheenvironment

isentirelyunfounded.Individualsalsoplayanimportantroleinenvironmentalprotection.beopentodoubt是一個(gè)固定表達(dá)，含義是“……有待考證，值得懷疑”(1)Whetherminoritylanguagescansurviveinthisincreasinglyglobalizedworldis

opentodoubt.(2)Whetherinternationalaidcanhaveapositiveimpactontherecipientcountriesis

opentodoubt"Toequatesomethingwithsomethingisto..."是一個(gè)很好用的句型，意為“將……與……等同,這樣是……”這個(gè)句型放在寫(xiě)作中可以增強(qiáng)論證效果。如：a)

Toequatehappinesswithmaterialpossessionssuchashousesandcarsistomissthetruemeaningoflife.b)

Toequatepoliticswithsomethingboringandbarelyrelevanttoordinarylifeistomisunderstandit.atbest...atworst是一個(gè)很棒的句型，它可以用來(lái)表示“某件事往好里說(shuō)充其量是...往壞里說(shuō)是...”。這個(gè)句型通常用來(lái)表示否定含義，sthisatbestA,atworstB,其中A一般為中性詞，B為偏否定含義的詞語(yǔ)。flyinthefaceofsomething，這是一個(gè)議論文中較為常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)，意思是“與（人們認(rèn)為合理或正常的事情）背道而馳”，這種事情可以是指法律法規(guī)，也可以指?jìng)鹘y(tǒng)、常識(shí)、邏輯等。舉幾個(gè)例子：(1)Stayinguplate

fliesinthefaceof

healthyliving.(2)NorthKorea’snucleartests

flyinthefaceof

theNuclearNon-proliferationTreaty.(3)Somepeoplearguethatthedemolitionofoldbuildings

fliesinthefaceof

culturalheritagepreservation.

Jumpthegun可表示過(guò)早下定論……doesnotmakesense反對(duì)前面的觀點(diǎn)，（從而提出自己的觀點(diǎn)）Somepeoplearguethatthegovernmentshouldlimitthenumberofcarsontheroadtoreducetrafficcongestion.However,studiesrevealthattheproblemis

not

thattherearetoomanycars,

butratherthat

thepublictransportsystemisinefficient.Thebiggestwinnersallroundarelikelytobeconsumers,thoughwith

anumberofcaveats.Fourstandout:marketconcentration,security,privacyandinequality.closescrutinyof…revealsthat…是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的論證句型，它可以用來(lái)說(shuō)明接下來(lái)要揭示的情況與之前人們認(rèn)為的不同，借此引出新的觀點(diǎn)。Somepeoplearguethatforeigntouriststoculturalplacesandhistoricalsitesshouldbechargedmorethanlocals,aslocalpeoplealreadypaytothesesitesthroughthetaxsystem.However,

closescrutinyofthisclaimrevealsthat

suchanapproachisatbestshort-sighted,atworstcounterproductive."sthleavesmuchtobedesired"是一種委婉的說(shuō)法，它用于形容某事物尚有許多需要改進(jìn)之處，還不盡如人意。givethethumbs-downtosb/sth即“對(duì)某人或某事不贊同”。例如可以說(shuō)：Planstobuildanuclearreactorinthiscityhavebeengiventhethumbs-downbytheurbanites.Itisincorrecttosaythat….Rather,……恰恰相反，而是Itistruethat……buttherealityisthat……Atfirstglanceincreasingpetrolpricesseemsabletodiscouragepeoplefromusingtheircars,thusreducingtrafficandpollution.However,uponfurtherreflectiononewouldfindthatsuchmeasureisproblematic.Atfirstglance,higherpricesforvisitorsfromoverseasseemreasonable,asmostculturalandhistoricmonumentsarerestoredandmaintainedusinggovernmentfunding,meaningthatlocalpeoplealreadypaytothesesitesthroughthetaxsystem.However,uponfurtherreflectiononewouldfindthatsuchanapproachisatbestshort-sighted,atworstcounterproductive.已經(jīng)是一個(gè)完整的模板了Whileoptingtoremainhome-basedmaysavemoneyandoffersomeconvenience,adoptingadifferentlifestyleyieldsmorelong-termbenefits.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayaround反駁某觀點(diǎn)…restson…reasonable-soundingbutlargelygroundlesspropositions.Thefirstisthat…Asecondargumentisthat…Athirdargumentisthat…

在分點(diǎn)論述中可以先對(duì)有爭(zhēng)議的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)缓笤僖来畏瘩g。舉個(gè)例子，轉(zhuǎn)基因食品安全性一直是一個(gè)備受爭(zhēng)議的話(huà)題，如果你支持轉(zhuǎn)基因食品，可以這樣寫(xiě)：Theaversiontogeneticallymodifiedfoods

restson

two

reasonable-soundingbutlargelygroundlesspropositions.ThefirstisthatGMcropscandevelopnewsubstancesthatareharmfultohumans.ButthereisnoevidencefortheclaimandresearchhasshownthatGMfoodsaresafeforconsumption.Asecondargumentisthatengineeringspecifictraitsintoselectspeciesthreatensbiodiversitybyupsettingthenaturalbalance.However,aslongasscientistsapplyGMtechnologycarefullyandgovernmentsintroducestrictsafetyregulations,suchaproblemcanbeavoided.效果適得其反SomestudentsusesmartphonesinthehopeofimprovingtheirEnglish,buttheyendupplayingmobilegamesallday,which

defeatsthepurposeoflearning.承認(rèn)對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)的合理性Althoughdoingapart-timejobcanoffercertainbenefits,thosewhoopposethispractice

havehalfapoint.Itistruethatthereispublicconcernoverthesafetyofnuclearenergy.Granted,thereareproblemsarisingfromnuclearpower,suchasthedisposalofradioactivewasteandthedangerofnuclearmeltdown,butastechnologyadvances,suchproblemscanberesolved.（誠(chéng)然段，用于倒數(shù)第二段）Granted,asinglelifestyleisnotwithoutitsdrawbacks.Admittedly,distancelearningisnotwithoutdisadvantages.誠(chéng)然段結(jié)尾However,astechnologyadvances,itishardtoimaginethissituationwilllastforlong.不能全盤(pán)否定，因噎廢食TheauthoritiesshouldnotthrowthebabyoutwiththebathwaterwhenitcomestolaunchingcampaignagainstpornographyontheInternet.提出解決方案"Because...hasnosinglesolution,itmustbefoughtonmanyfronts."是一個(gè)我們可以借鑒的句型。它可以用來(lái)說(shuō)明某問(wèn)題并沒(méi)有單一的解決方案，需要從幾個(gè)方面入手來(lái)解決。比如可以說(shuō)Becauseairpollution

/trafficcongestion/racialdiscrimination...hasnosinglesolution,itmustbefoughtonmanyfronts.Tostartwith...Secondly...Thirdly...

通過(guò)這樣的框架對(duì)一個(gè)問(wèn)題展開(kāi)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明?！白瞿呈聸](méi)有捷徑”，我們可以使用這個(gè)句型：Thereisnomagicformulaforsth/doingsthThinkoutsidethebox跳出條條框框，不拘一格地思考somethinglendsitselftosomething是一個(gè)固定表達(dá)，含義是“……適用于某事，……對(duì)某事有幫助”，problemslendthemselvestoeasyanswers即“對(duì)……問(wèn)題有簡(jiǎn)單的解決方案”。在解決方案類(lèi)話(huà)題中可以使用該短語(yǔ)，例如：(a)TheenvironmentalproblemsChinanowencounterhardlylendthemselvestoeasyanswers,asthehazardoussmogblanketingthecountry'snorth-eastcanattest.(b)Thenovel'scomplex,imaginativestyledoesnotlenditselftotranslation.要表達(dá)“……只是手段而不是目的”，即somethingisnotanendinitself，例如：Economicgrowthisameans,

notanendinitself.Theultimategoalofgrowthshouldbetospreadbenefitstoalllevelsofsociety.marrysthwithsth的用法很有意思，它的含義是“將兩種不同的想法、設(shè)計(jì)、品位等結(jié)合在一起”，比如要表達(dá)“這種設(shè)計(jì)將傳統(tǒng)元素和現(xiàn)代方法結(jié)合起來(lái)”，可以說(shuō)Thedesignmarriestraditionalelementswithmodernmethods.對(duì)某件事要具體問(wèn)題具體分析：……shouldbeconsideredonacase-by-casebasis.Astohousingproblems,goodurbanplanningandpolicyhelpDolingouthousingsubsidiesandlow-interestloanalsolightenstheburdenofwould-behomebuyers.發(fā)放住房補(bǔ)貼和低息貸款也減輕了潛在購(gòu)房者的負(fù)擔(dān)Individualsfortheirpartmakecontributionstoo.Problemsattendantonoverpopulationarenumerousbutnotinsolvable.Stepsshouldbetakentodevelopthecountryside.itisinlocalgovernments’intereststo（符合…的利益）fundmoreschoolsandpublictrainingprogramsTheliving-standardgapbetweencitiesandthecountrysidecanbebridgedthroughcarefulplanningandcontinuousinvestmentineducationandbasicinfrastructureGovernmentsshouldstarttotakeaction,forthebenefitofbothruralandurbanresidents.Theproblemofpollutioncouldalsobetackledbygivingfinancialincentivestomanufacturersofgreenvehicles,suchaselectriccars,whichhavetheadvantageofzeroemission,andthewidespreaduseofthemcouldreduceairpollution.

doone'sbit盡自己的一份力量Anotherstepistoencourageimmigration.AutomationalsoworksUsingrobotstoreplacehumanworkersgoesalongwaytowardsaddressingthisproblem.Myviewisthathumanscanemployanimalsforpracticalpurposes,butshoulddosoinmoderationItwasnecessaryfirsttoarriveatthatdegreeofsophisticationwhere……我們首先需要達(dá)到這樣一種成熟的程度:…shouldbealastresort,notafirstlineofdefence.即“……應(yīng)該作為最終手段，而不是首選對(duì)策”?？梢院蛅hrowthebabyoutwiththebathwater配合使用！Advertisementscanhaveanegativeinfluenceonchildren,andthereissuggestionthatadvertisingaimedatchildrenshouldbebannedaltogether.Inmyview,however,thissolutionshouldbe

alastresort,

notafirstlineofdefence.Ifwebanalladvertisingtargetingchildren,weriskthrowingthebabyoutwiththebathwater.（平衡好A&B）既不能過(guò)于……也不能過(guò)于……Justasitwouldbe

unwisetopromoteeconomicgrowthattheexpenseoftheenvironment,

soitwouldbe

equallyimprudenttopreservetheenvironmenttotheexclusionofeconomicgrowth.Thebestapproach,therefore,istohaveanenvironmentallysustainableeconomy.JustasitwouldbeamistaketounderestimatethenewBrazil,soitwouldbeamistaketoglossoveritsweaknesses.atrade-offbetweenAandB也是一個(gè)應(yīng)用很廣的句型。舉兩個(gè)例子：(1)Inthefaceofseriouspollution,manycountrieshavetomakeatrade-offbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalprotection.(2)Moreandmoreofficeworkersfeelthattheyhavetomakeatrade-offbetweentheirjobandtheirfamily.Inconclusion,thecostsofrestoringoldbuildingsshouldbeweighedagainsttheculturalandeconomicbenefitstheybringabout.Governmentsshouldstrikeabalancebetweentherestorationofoldbuildingsandregionaldevelopment.redressthebalance修復(fù)平衡Therebenopreferentialweighingofoneoranother

of兩者之間沒(méi)有優(yōu)先的權(quán)衡findamiddlegroundbetween并不互斥可以用該短語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)明兩個(gè)看起來(lái)互不相容的事物實(shí)際上可以共存，由此可以引出一種新的方案，比如：Economicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectionarenotmutuallyexclusive,asisshownbythecase……某問(wèn)題/現(xiàn)象的原因Severalfactorsare

atplay

whenitcomestoteenagesmoking.thereasonsfor…aremanifold,butchiefamongthemis…通過(guò)該句型來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)造成某問(wèn)題最重要的原因。例如：Today,manybigcitiesaroundtheworldaresufferingfromtrafficcongestion.Thereasonsfor

thisproblem

aremanifold,

butchiefamongthemis

thesurgeinthenumberofcars.Thecasefor…isnotadryargumentabout…Itis…（……并不是基于……這一枯燥的理由，而是……）。舉個(gè)例子：Thecaseformakinghighereducationuniversallyavailableisnotadryargumentabouteconomicgrowth.Itisamassmovementforeducationalequity,oneinwhicheverystudent,nomatterwhattheirbackground,canhaveachancetoattendcollegeandmakeadifferenceintheirlife.青少年近視目前在中國(guó)是一個(gè)比較嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，很多家長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為造成這一問(wèn)題的原因是小孩看電視或電腦過(guò)度，但醫(yī)學(xué)研究表明，造成青少年近視的真正原因是戶(hù)外運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間太少。因此，我們可以說(shuō)：ManyteenagersinChinasufferfromshort-sightedness,andtoomuchscreentimeis

thoughttobeattherootoftheproblem.However,

thefactsdonotbearoutthisview.Reasonsforthe...abound,but...standout.Themostimportantis...Asecondreasonisthat...

造成這次失敗的原因有很多，但其中…最突出。最重要的一個(gè)是…其次是…Theobviousculpritfor...is...

其中culprit是一個(gè)很好用的詞，它的本義是“過(guò)失者，責(zé)任人”，可以引申為“問(wèn)題的起因”。Educationandskillsalsomatterinaregion’slong-termeconomicgrowth導(dǎo)致……的結(jié)果(1)Thereasonwhysomanystudentsareseekingapostgraduateeducationisthatholdinganadvanceddegreecan

translateinto

ahighersalaryoraseniorposition.

(2)Manyinternetcompaniesrequiretheirstafftoworkovertime,butasitturnsout,longerworkinghoursdonotalways

translateinto

highero這個(gè)詞組用得很傳神，它將整個(gè)句子寫(xiě)活了。它的意思是“將...推向（某一境地），驅(qū)使”，比如要表達(dá)“憤怒驅(qū)使她行動(dòng)起來(lái)”，我們就可以說(shuō)Furypropelledherintoaction.因果關(guān)系的銜接Itfollowsthat…這是一個(gè)固定句式，意思是“由此得出，由此可以推斷出”?？梢允褂迷摼涫絹?lái)連接有因果關(guān)系的上下文。(1)Ifwepositthatwagerisescauseinflation,

itfollowsthat

weshouldtrytominimizethem.(2)Becauseladybirdseatgreenfly,

itfollowsthat

adecreaseinthenumbersofladybirdswillleadtoariseinthepopulationofgreenfly.Researchhasshownthatincreasedinvestmentinhighereducationhasapositiveeffectonacountry’sgrossdomesticproduct.Inthelongterm,asocietywithmoreeducatedcitizenswillexperiencemoreinnovation,greaterproductivity,andhigherglobalcompetitiveness.

Itfollowsthat

governmentsshouldmakehighereducationavailabletoallstudents.優(yōu)點(diǎn)、好處（利大于弊）Theusefulnesstosocietyof

promotinghighereducation

goesfarbeyondenablingyoungpeopletofindagoodjob.Despiteitspotentialrisks,geneticallyengineeringtechnologycanbe

aforceforgood

byhelpingtofighthungerandpoverty.…concernsshouldnotobscurethegoodthatcomesfrom…用以說(shuō)明某事物利大于弊。舉個(gè)例子：Althoughthereare

concerns

aboutnuclearsafety,suchconcerns

shouldnotobscurethegoodthatcomesfrom

thisenergysource.Comparedtorenewablessuchaswindorsolar,nuclearpowerproducescheaperandmoreplentifulelectricity,anadvantagethatisgaininginimportancegiventhatdemandforenergyisontherise.Criticsarehopingtheyoungdirectorcan

breathelifeinto

theFrenchfilmindustry.Theshortcomingsofself-drivingcarpaleintoinsignificancewhensetagainstthegreatbenefitsitwillbringtous--aplungeinroadaccidentsandlesspollution.Inthesecountrieslibrariesplayacrucialpartinthattheyallowpeopletoacquireknowledgeandmakeprogressinthetechnologicalera.nuclearpowerhasseveraluniqueadvantagesthatcanholdgreatpromiseforthefutureThetrendtowardslivingalonealsomakeseconomicsense.itisinlocalgovernments’intereststofundmoreschoolsandpublictrainingprogramsPayingcreativeartiststoproduceworksofartsparksaboonfortheindustry,therebystimulatingjobgrowthandwealththatcanbeappliedtowardsothersocialprograms.Suchskillswillholdtheminagoodstead（對(duì)…大有幫助）intermsofcareerdevelopment,具有雙重好處在列舉說(shuō)明事物的好處時(shí)可以用上該句型，比如：Havingpart-timejobscanbe

adoubleblessing

forcollegestudents.First……既有好處又有壞處Lifeinthecityis

amixedblessing.Ontheonehand…….ontheplusside...ontheminusside...可以用來(lái)表達(dá)“從好的方面來(lái)看…從壞的方面來(lái)看…”，比如我們可以說(shuō)"Ontheminusside,thejobdoesn'tpayverywell,butontheplusside,thehoursareveryconvenient."Asissooftenpointedout,knowledgeisatwo-edgedweaponwhichcanbeusedequallyforgoodorevil.Itisnowbeingusedindifferentlyforboth.缺點(diǎn)、害處beadisservicetosomebody/something，意思即“……損害某人/某物（的形象、利益、聲譽(yù)等）”。Althoughtakingpart-timejobsoffersavarietyofbenefitstostudents,itwouldbe

adisserviceto

themifthesejobstakeuptoomuchoftheirtimethatcouldotherwisebeusedforreadingtextbooksorpreparinghomework.寫(xiě)作中可以使用該表達(dá)來(lái)說(shuō)明某習(xí)慣（比如吸煙、喝酒、玩電腦游戲等）會(huì)使人沉迷其中，產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重后果。例如：(1)Althoughvideogamescanbebeneficialtosomeextent,excessivegamingoftenputsyoungpeople

onaslipperyslope.(2)Whiletakinganinterestintherichandfamousmaybefunandharmless,unbridledcelebrityworshipcanbe

aslipperyslope.poseenvironmentalandhealthhazardsThisaffectsthefoodchainandmayhaveseriousrepercussions（不好的影響）fortheenvironment.Bycontrast,thosewhofollowtheirpassionwithoutconsideringjobmarketcharacteristicsmayputthemselvesatadisadvantagewhenitcomestojob-hunting.Narrowingstudents’choiceswouldineffectdomoreharmthangoodasitcouldleadtoanoversupplyofgraduatesincertainfields,weakeningtheirjobcompetitiveness.Overtime,thiswillresultinadeclineintheoverallnumberoftouristsandtheattendantfallintourismrevenueandemploymentopportunities,tothedetrimentofeveryone.銜接Worsestill,…舉例…as…attest…這一句型有時(shí)候可以用來(lái)替換forexample/forinstance，例如：Airpollutioncanhaveanegativeimpactonpeople’shealth.Forexample,peoplelivinginareaswithpoorairqualityarepronetorespiratorydisease.我們可以將其改寫(xiě)為：a)Airpollutioncanhaveanegativeimpactonpeople’shealth,astheriseinrespiratorydiseaseinareaswithpoorairqualityattests.b)Airpollutioncanhaveanegativeimpactonpeople’shealth,asisattestedbytheriseinrespiratorydiseaseinareaswithpoorairquality.ToseehowA,witnessB（要……看看……就知道了），它可以通過(guò)例子B來(lái)驗(yàn)證A，舉兩個(gè)例子：(1)

Toseehow

technologicaladvanceschangeourlives,

witness

theinternet,aninventionthatconnectstheworldandbooststhespreadofknowledge.(2)

Toseehow

ordinarypeoplecanrisetostardom,

witness

WangJu,acontestantonthesingingcompetition,Produce101,aChineserealitytelevisionshow.Duetothegenerationgap,youngadultsareoftenatoddswitholdergenerationsovereverydaymatters,

whethertheybe/bethey

hairstylesortasteinmusic.Ifanyonelooksforfurtherevidence/proofthat...,theyshouldlookat..."Ifevertherewasasignthat...thisisit"這個(gè)句型的意思是“如果有任何跡象表明……那么這個(gè)就是了”“是……典型的例子”的動(dòng)詞還有epitomize，例如可以說(shuō)：ShenzhenepitomizesChina'sarrestingeconomicandsocialdevelopment.andthisisespeciallytruewhenitcomestoConsidertheelectriccarslaunchedbyTeslaMotors,which,ifwidelyused,wouldreduceexhaustemissionsindenselypopulatedareas.Byattractingyoungtalentfromaroundtheglobe,governmentscanincreasethenumberoftaxpayersandeffectivelyredressdemographicimbalances,asisdemonstratedbythecasesoftheUnitedStatesandSingapore.論據(jù)/論證方法Ifany…lendssubstanceto…itis…（如果說(shuō)有一個(gè)……驗(yàn)證了……那么……就是了）。例如：(1)Ifanycountrylendssubstancetotheargumentthatopennessbringsprogress,itisChina.

(2)Ifanycompanylendssubstancetotheargumentthatgooddesignmatters,itisApple.

…Forrecent/clear/concreteproof,lookonlyto…通過(guò)該句型來(lái)證