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名詞性從句帶有從句的復(fù)合句就是用連接詞把主句和從句連接在一起。高中英語(yǔ)中共有三大從句:一、形容詞性從句(即定語(yǔ)從句);二、名詞性從句;三、狀語(yǔ)從句。形容詞性從句即定語(yǔ)從句,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞,作先行詞的定語(yǔ),用來(lái)修飾前面的名詞或代詞的。名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞,可分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。因此,名詞性從句分為主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位從句。主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句只有在主句句子的成分殘缺時(shí)才可以考慮使用這三大從句。同位語(yǔ)則是對(duì)前面某一名詞的展開,即對(duì)前一名詞的具體說(shuō)明,做進(jìn)一步解釋,兩者是同等,并不是定語(yǔ)從句的修飾與被修飾關(guān)系。名詞性從句考得最多的是賓語(yǔ)從句,其次是主語(yǔ)從句,再次是表語(yǔ)從句,而同位語(yǔ)從句則很少考查。(一)主語(yǔ)從句第一部分:常規(guī)主語(yǔ)從句,即從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài):不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的影響和限制。Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我們說(shuō)什么,還不清楚。Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.誰(shuí)能贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不得而知。WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行,還沒(méi)有宣布。注意:(1)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等;(2)連詞位于句首不能省略;(3)主語(yǔ)從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。第二部分:為了防止句子頭重腳輕,通常把形式主語(yǔ)it放在主語(yǔ)位置,真正主語(yǔ)置于句末。從句用that引導(dǎo)。常用句型如下:It+be+名詞+that從句Itisapitythatwewon'tbeabletogotothesouthtospendoursummervacation.Itisstillamysterywhatcausedtheaccident.It+be+形容詞+that從句Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.Itisverylikelythattheywillholdameeting.It+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+that從句Itissaidthathehasgonetoshanghai.(=Heissaidtohavegonetoshanghai)ItisknowntoallthatthegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.(=Heseemstohaveseenthefilm)Ithappenedthatthetwocheatswerethere.(=Thetwocheatshappenedtobethere)【注意】在表示驚訝、喜悅、遺憾等感情色彩時(shí),that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也常用(should)+v原形。Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…在表示建議、要求、命令等意義的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中,that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用(should)do。Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…e.g.Itisstrangethatheshoulddothat.Itisimportantthatweallshouldattendthemeeting.Itissuggestedthattheworkshouldbedonewithgreatcare.(二)表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后。Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.問(wèn)題是我們?cè)鯓幽芘轿覀冃枰臇|西。(how充當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ))ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.這把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ))WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告訴他的是我會(huì)給他找個(gè)好劇本。(what在主語(yǔ)從句中作直接賓語(yǔ),that作為表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,不能省略)ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要對(duì)你講的。(what在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ))Thisiswhereourproblemlies.這就是我們的問(wèn)題所在。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.他已經(jīng)成為了他10年前想成為的。Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ))“Thatiswhy...”是常用句型,意為“這就是……的原因/因此……”,其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作表語(yǔ),該句型通常用于針對(duì)前面已經(jīng)說(shuō)明過(guò)的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié),又如:ThatiswhyIcame.這就是我來(lái)的原因。下面是兩個(gè)與“Thatiswhy...”形式相似的結(jié)構(gòu),它們與“Thatiswhy...”結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系要能夠辨析清楚:(1)“Thatiswhy...”與“Thatisthereasonwhy...”同義,只不過(guò)從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上講,“Thatisthereasonwhy...”中why引導(dǎo)的是—個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,將其中的thereason去掉則與“Thatiswhy...”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,例如:Thatis(thereason)whyIcannotagree.這就是我不能同意的理由。(2)“Thatisbecause...”句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語(yǔ),這也是個(gè)常用句型,意為“這就是為什么……/因?yàn)椤?。“Thatisbecause...”與“Thatiswhy...”之間的不同,在于“Thatisbecause...”指原因或理由,“Thatiswhy...”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果,例如:Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨天晚上他沒(méi)有去看電影,那是因?yàn)樗脦椭拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè)。(第一句話說(shuō)明結(jié)果,第二句話說(shuō)明原因)Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.他以前曾看過(guò)那部電影,因此他昨天晚上沒(méi)有去看。(第一句話說(shuō)明原因,第二句話說(shuō)明結(jié)果)需要注意的,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.【注意】①whether可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,但與之同義的if卻不能引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。asif則可以。②不像賓語(yǔ)從句,在有的表語(yǔ)從句復(fù)合句中,主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.關(guān)于連系動(dòng)詞:系動(dòng)詞亦稱連系動(dòng)詞(LinkVerb),作為系動(dòng)詞,它本身有詞義,但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ),后邊必須跟表語(yǔ)(亦稱補(bǔ)語(yǔ)),構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。連系動(dòng)詞分6種(1)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞:只有be一詞。如:Sheisalwayslikethat.她總是那樣。(2)持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞:表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand。如:Ihopeyou’llkeepfit.我希望你身體好。(3)表像系動(dòng)詞:表示“看起來(lái)好像”,主要有seem,appear,look等。如:Helookstired.他看起來(lái)很累。Heseems(tobe)quitehappy.他好像很快活。(4)感官系動(dòng)詞:表示“……起來(lái)”,有feel(摸起來(lái),感覺(jué)),smell(聞起來(lái)),sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)),taste(嘗起來(lái),吃起來(lái))等。Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.這種布摸起來(lái)很軟。Everybodyfeelscontented.每個(gè)人都感到很滿足。(5)變化系動(dòng)詞:表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,runHebecamemadafterthat.自那之后,他瘋了。Hiscoldwasgrowingworse.他的感冒越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重了。She’sgrowingfat.她正在發(fā)胖。Whenshesawthis,sheturnedred.她看到這,臉紅了。Hishairturnedgreyinafewweeks.在幾個(gè)星期中他頭發(fā)就變灰白了。Themilkwillsoonturnsour.牛奶很快就會(huì)變酸。Wegetwiseraswegetold.隨著年歲的增長(zhǎng),我們也變得聰明些了。Yourhairhasgonequitewhite!你的頭發(fā)全白了!WhenImentionedittohimhewentred.我對(duì)他提及此事時(shí)他臉紅了。Hewentmad.他瘋了Thechildrenmustnotgohungry.孩子們不能挨餓。(6)終止系動(dòng)詞:表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作,主要有prove,turnout(結(jié)果是,證明是)等。如:Hisstoryprovedfalse.他講的情況原來(lái)是假的。Myintuitionturnedouttobecorrect.我的直覺(jué)證明是對(duì)的。(turnout表終止性結(jié)果)(三)賓語(yǔ)從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。一、3種賓語(yǔ)從句:1.動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句(1)大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.我們都預(yù)料他們會(huì)贏,因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯.(2)部分“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)的所有票都賣光了.Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?你能計(jì)算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢嗎?(3)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句,常見(jiàn)的這些詞有:makesure確保makeupone’smind下決心keepinmind牢記Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.在上交試卷前確保沒(méi)有任何錯(cuò)誤.(4)可運(yùn)用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替的賓語(yǔ)從句①動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語(yǔ)而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的.IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.我沒(méi)去聚會(huì),感覺(jué)非常遺憾.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣.Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.我們都認(rèn)為對(duì)這件事馬上做出決定很重要.②有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要在賓語(yǔ)與從句前加it這類動(dòng)詞主要有:hate,have,take,owe,seeto(注意).Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說(shuō)話.Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.他會(huì)認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行.Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我們認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的.Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.開啟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí),一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.③若賓語(yǔ)從句是“wh-”類,則不可用it代替Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說(shuō)的是不可信的.Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的.2.介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句(1)用wh-類的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句。Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂(lè)部.ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號(hào)載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的.(2)用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見(jiàn)到that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.對(duì)于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無(wú)所知.3.形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句此類形容詞有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised等表心理狀態(tài)的形容詞,主句中做作表語(yǔ)。IamsureIwillpasstheexam.我確信我會(huì)通過(guò)考試.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.很抱歉我這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在打擾你.二、注意事項(xiàng):1.that的取舍:賓語(yǔ)從句that??墒÷?,但在以下情況下不能省略。(1)當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可以省略第一個(gè)that,其他不能省略。Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.(2)當(dāng)it作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim.(3)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句前置時(shí)Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.2.if,whether在賓語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別:if和whether在作“是否”解時(shí),引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句常放在動(dòng)詞know,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后。(1)介詞后用whether不用if;(2)少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后用whether,不用if;(3)從句后有ornot,用whether,不用if;(4)在不定式前只能用whether.(Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能決定是否留下。)(5)避免歧異時(shí),我們常用whether而不用if.3.使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的場(chǎng)合(1)在表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后,賓語(yǔ)從句常用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”。建議suggest,advise,propose;要求demand,desire,request;決定decide;命令order,command,require;堅(jiān)決主張insistIinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。(2)表示愿望的wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如:IwishIcouldfly.(表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望——過(guò)去式)IwishIhadknownitbefore.(表示過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望——用過(guò)去完成式)Iwishyouwouldstayalittlelonger.(來(lái)表示將來(lái)的愿望——用would+動(dòng)詞原形)4.否定前移及完成反意疑問(wèn)句(1)在think/believe/suppose/guess/imagine/expect等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語(yǔ)從句否定式時(shí),應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上去。(注:否定前移的條件是,主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱)Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.areyou?我們認(rèn)為你不在這。Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.won’the?我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。(2)完成反意問(wèn)句時(shí),應(yīng)保持從句主謂一致。Idon'tbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirworkyet,havethey?Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?【注意】若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。Ihopeyouweren'till.我想你沒(méi)有生病吧。5.賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的選擇(1)當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句為任意時(shí)態(tài).(2)若從句是一個(gè)客觀真理、科學(xué)原理、自然現(xiàn)象,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.老師昨天說(shuō)月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn).(3)當(dāng)主句是過(guò)去時(shí)(could,would除外),從句則要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)①?gòu)木溆靡话氵^(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),表示與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhewasin.我只知道他當(dāng)時(shí)在西方的一個(gè)國(guó)家讀書,可不知道是哪個(gè)國(guó)家.HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.他問(wèn)我他進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候我是否正在讀<<老人與海>>.②從句過(guò)去完成時(shí),表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會(huì)議的事情告訴的了Mary.③從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.記者問(wèn)政府是否會(huì)采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂..(四)同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句在句中作某一名詞(一般是抽象名詞)的同位語(yǔ),一般位于該名詞(news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise,advice,demand,doubt,hope,information,message,order,problem,question,request,truth,wish,word等)之后,說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞that、whether,連接副詞how,when,where等。(注:if,which不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。)Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:1.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可以省略或被其他詞代替;而同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞一般不能省略,更不能被代替。例如:(1)Thenewsthatsheheardistrue.她聽(tīng)到的消息是真的。(2)Thenewsthatshewillgoabroadistrue.她將出國(guó)這消息是真的。例1是定語(yǔ)從句,that可省略;例2是同位語(yǔ)從句,that不能省略。(3)Thereasonwhyhewaschosenremainsunknown.他為什么被選上的原因還是不清楚。(4)Theideawhyhewaschosenattractedourattention.他為什么會(huì)被選上,這一想法引起我們的注意。例3中why引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,why可以被forwhich或that代替;例4中why引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句,why不能省去,也不能被其它詞代替。2.that作為關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分,在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略;that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),是一個(gè)純連詞,沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義,不充當(dāng)句子成分,一般不能省略。Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.(that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,不能省略)Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?(that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,作賓語(yǔ),可以省略)3.由when,why,where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句分別修飾或說(shuō)明表示時(shí)間、原因或地點(diǎn)的詞,但它們引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句一般不和表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的詞同位。例如:(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.我仍然記得初次來(lái)北京的那天。(2)Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.我不知道她何時(shí)回來(lái)。(3)ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.這是我兩年前住的房子。(4)Thequestionwhereweshallhaveameetinghasn'tdecided.我們到什么地方去開會(huì),這個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有決定。例1、3中的when和where引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,day和house分別表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn);例2、4中的when和where引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句。4.使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的同從。在一些表示建議、命令、要求的名詞后的同從中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形表示。Thisisouronlyrequestthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.盡快解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題,這是我們唯一的請(qǐng)求。Hemadethesuggestionthatwegobytrain.他建議我們坐火車去。(五)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句小結(jié)一、名詞性從句的連接詞 1.從屬連接詞:that(無(wú)任何詞義),whether/if(均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性),asif/asthough(均表示“好像”“似乎”)。以上詞在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分,只起連接作用。根據(jù)句意,如果連接代詞、連接副詞、whether/if和asif/asthough都用不上時(shí),才用that作連接詞(因?yàn)閠hat本身無(wú)任何含義)。 2.連接代詞:what,who,whom,whose,which,whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever。有詞義,在從句中擔(dān)任成分,如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、或定語(yǔ)。從句一定要用陳述語(yǔ)序。 3.連接副詞:when,where,why,how,howmany,howmuch,howoften。有詞義,在從句中擔(dān)任成分,作狀語(yǔ)?!咀⒁狻窟B接代詞與連接副詞既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義,又起連接作用,在從句中充當(dāng)成分。4.不可省略的連詞:(1)介詞后的連詞;(2)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.二、名詞性that-從句1.由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。that只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,本身也沒(méi)有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和形容詞賓語(yǔ),如:主語(yǔ):Thatsheisstillaliveisherluck.他還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。賓語(yǔ):JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.約翰說(shuō)他星期三要到倫敦去。形容詞賓語(yǔ):Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.你對(duì)工作滿意我感到很高興。表語(yǔ):Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.事實(shí)是近來(lái)誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他。同位語(yǔ):Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.近來(lái)誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他,這一事實(shí)令辦公室所有的人不安。2.that-從句作主語(yǔ)通常用it作先行詞,而將that-從句置于句末,例如:Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.很清楚,整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主語(yǔ)的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系:a.It+be+形容詞+that-從句Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……Itisobviousthat…很明顯……b.It+be+-ed分詞+that-從句Itisbelievedthat…人們相信……Itisknowntoallthat…眾所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat…已決定……c.It+be+名詞+that-從句Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常識(shí)Itisasurprisethat…令人驚奇的是……Itisafactthat…事實(shí)是……d.It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that-從句Itappearsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……三、名詞性wh-從句1.由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。wh-詞包括who,whom,.whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等連接代詞和where,when,how,why等連接副詞。wh-從句的語(yǔ)法功能除了和that-從句一樣外,還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)等,如:主語(yǔ):Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.書銷售如何取決于作者本人。直接賓語(yǔ):Inone'sownhomeonecandowhatonelikes.在自己家里可以隨心所欲。間接賓語(yǔ):Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize.俱樂(lè)部將給得勝者設(shè)獎(jiǎng)。表語(yǔ):MyquestioniswhowilltakeoverpresidentoftheFoundation.我的問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)將接任該基金會(huì)主席職位。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。同位語(yǔ):Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。形容詞賓語(yǔ):I'mnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation.我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請(qǐng)。介詞賓語(yǔ):Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬骸?.wh-從句作主語(yǔ)也常用it做形式主語(yǔ),而將wh-從句置于句末,例如:Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob.還沒(méi)決定誰(shuí)做這項(xiàng)工作。Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried.他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明。3.連接代詞whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever,whoseverwhoever=anyonewho任何人,無(wú)論誰(shuí);whatever=anythingthat凡是...,無(wú)論什么;whichever=anythingthat無(wú)論那一個(gè),任何一個(gè);whomever=anyonewhom(whoever的賓格形式)。Whoevercomestotheclubiswelcome.不論誰(shuí)來(lái)參加這個(gè)俱樂(lè)部都?xì)g迎。Whateverisworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell.凡是值得做的就值得做好。Theyatewhatevertheycouldfindothedesertedisland.他們?cè)诨膷u找到什么就吃什么。Youmaydowhateveryouwill.你可做任何你想做的事。I'lltakewhicheverbookinterestsme.我愿買任何讓我感興趣的書。Whoseverbookisoverduewillbefined.不管誰(shuí)的書過(guò)期未還都要被罰款。比較:連接代詞whoever在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),whomever作賓語(yǔ)從句中賓語(yǔ)。Youmayofferhebooktowhoeverwantsit.你可把這本書給任何想要的人。(whoever在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ))Youmayofferthebooktowhomeveryoulike.你可把這本書給任何你喜歡的人。(whomever在賓語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ))四、if,whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句1.yes-no型疑問(wèn)從句從屬連詞if,whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的,因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問(wèn)句從句和選擇型疑問(wèn)從句,其功能和wh-從句的功能相同,例如:主語(yǔ):Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.這一計(jì)劃是否可行還有等證實(shí)。賓語(yǔ):Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.請(qǐng)讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。表語(yǔ):Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.問(wèn)題在于我們是否應(yīng)該借錢給他。同位語(yǔ):Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.他們調(diào)查他是否值得信賴。形容詞賓語(yǔ):She'sdoubtfulwhetherweshallbeabletocome.她懷疑我們是否能夠前來(lái)。介詞賓語(yǔ):Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness.我擔(dān)心他是否能度過(guò)疾病的危險(xiǎn)期。2.選擇性疑問(wèn)從句選擇性疑問(wèn)從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whether…or或whether…ornot構(gòu)成,例如:Pleasetellmewhether/iftheyareSwedishorDanish.請(qǐng)告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。Idon'tcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計(jì)劃。比較:whether與if均表示"是否"。whether可以連接所有的名詞性從句,而if只能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。Ididn'tknowwhether/ifhewouldattendtheconcert.我并不知道他是否參加音樂(lè)會(huì)。(賓語(yǔ)從句)Thequestioniswhetheritsworthtrying.問(wèn)題是值不值得試一試。(表語(yǔ)從句,不可用if代替whether)Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.他必須回答他是否同意此事這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題。(同位語(yǔ)從句,不可用if代替whether)二者引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的幾點(diǎn)區(qū)別從句后有"ornot",即"whether……ornot"的固定搭配Whethershecomesornotmakesnodifference.她來(lái)不來(lái)都沒(méi)有關(guān)系。(主語(yǔ)從句,不可用if代替whether)if既可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,也可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。如果用if會(huì)引起歧義,應(yīng)避免使用if,而用whether。Pleaseletmeknowifyouwanttojoinus.請(qǐng)告訴我你是否想加入我們。(if引導(dǎo)的從句可被看成是賓語(yǔ)從句,if表示是否)Pleaseletmeknowifyouwanttojoinus.如果你想加入我們的話,請(qǐng)告訴我一聲。(if引導(dǎo)的從句可被看成是條件狀語(yǔ)從句,if表示如果)

Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttjoinus.請(qǐng)告訴我你是否想加入我們。(為避免引起歧義,可用whether表示“是否”)高一英語(yǔ)名詞性從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)(一)1.____hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.

A.whatever

B.Nomatterwhat

C.That

D.If2.

Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow____

A.didthequarrelcameabout

B.thequarrelhadcomeabout

C.hadthequarrelcomeabout

D.hadthequarrelcomeabout3.

Energyis____makesthingwork..

A.whatB.somethingC.anything

D.that4.

Informationhasbeenput

forward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.

A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as5.

Thisis___theshenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.

A.there

B.inwhich

C.where

D.when6.

Theyhavenoideaatall____.

A.wherehehasgone

B.wheredidhego

C.whichplacehashegone

D.wherehashegone7.

Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatient’sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.

A.

that

B.

which

C.ofwhich

D.

ofthat8.

Theordercame___thesoldiers____thesmallvillagethenextmorning.

A.

that;hadtoleave

B.

that;shouldleave

C.

/;mustleave

D.

when;shouldleave9.

___isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.

A.There;that

B.It;that

C.there;whether

D.It;whether10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.

A.that

B.which

C.whether

D.if11.Is_____hesaidreallytrue?

A.that

B.

what

C.why

D.whether12.____themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesn’tmatter.

A.That

B.Whether

C.If

D.Where13.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.

A.while

B.if

C.that

D.for14.???_____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.

A.Whether

B.This

C.who

D.If15.____hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.

A.What

B.That

C.Whether

D.If16.____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.

A.What

B.That

C.Who

D.How17.____alltheinventionshaveincommonis____theyhavesucceeded.

A.What;what

B.That;that

C.what;that

D.That;what18.____appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.

A.What

B.It

C.Allthat

D.That19.Itiswidely______thatsmokingcancausecancer.

A.believed

B.

think

C.say

D.hoped20.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.

A.What

B.That

C.How

D.WhereKeys:1—5ABABC

6—10AABAC

11—15BBCAB

16—20BCBAA高一英語(yǔ)名詞性從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)(二)21.____healwaysservesthepeopleverywellisknown.

A.What

B.That

C.Which

D.Who22.____haspassedthetestwillgetaprize.

A.Whoever

B.Nomaterwho

C.Whomever

D.Who23.Is____truethatthefamousscientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?

Athat

Bit

Chis

Dhe24.Ithasnotbeendecided___theywillleaveforNewYork.

A.when

Bwhy

Cthat

Dwhat25.Obviously___wedomorningexerciseseveryday___usgood.

A.thatdo

B.if;do

Cwhat;does

D.that;dose26Itissaid________wasall___hesaid.

Athat;that;that

Bwhat;what;what

Cthat;which;what

Dthat;that;which27___getshomefirstistocookthesupper.

A.Who

BWhom

C.Thosewho

D.Whoever28___movedusmostwas___helikedaftertheoldmanformorethantwentyyears.

A.That;that

B.What;that

CWhat;what

D.That;what29.___youdiditisnotknowntoall.

A.Who

B.What

C.How

D.Which30.___youdoshouldbewelldone.

AHow

B.That

C.Whatever

DWhy31.ThereasonIplantogois___shewillbedisappointedifIdon’t.

A.because

B.that

C.thanksto

D.what32.Whattimedoyouthink__?

A.willTomcomeback

B.Tomwillcomeback

C.isTomcomingback

D.canTomgethere33.Theteachersaidthatlight___fasterthansound.

A.Hastraveled

B.traveled

C.hadtraveled

D.travels34..___isstillaquestion___willwin.

A.It;that

B.It;who

C.That;who

D.This;that35.Ifyouknow___itwasthatwriteATaleofTwoCities,raiseyourhand.

A.whom

B.which

C.who

D.that36.Insomecountries,___arecalled“publicschools”arenotownedbythestate.

A.that

B.which

C.as

D.what37.Thinking___youknow___infactyoudon’tisaterriblemistake.

A.that;that

B.what;what

C.that;what

D.whatthat38.Whetherwayswillbefoundtostoppollutionornotisjust___worriesthepublic.

A.why

B.which

C.that

D.what39.Whydon’tyoubring___tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit?

A.that

B.what

C.that

D.it40.___Davidsayssounds

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