安徽省 2022-2023學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期階段性聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試卷

第21頁(yè)/共21頁(yè)2022—2023學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期高二年級(jí)階段性聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)考生注意：1．本試卷分四部分，共8頁(yè)。滿(mǎn)分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2．答題前，考生務(wù)必用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆將密封線(xiàn)內(nèi)項(xiàng)目填寫(xiě)清楚。3．考生作答時(shí)，請(qǐng)將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑;非選擇題請(qǐng)用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效，在試題卷、草稿紙上作答無(wú)效。4．本卷命題范圍：至選擇性必修一第二單元第一課。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)回答聽(tīng)力部分時(shí)，請(qǐng)先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。聽(tīng)力部分結(jié)束前，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將你的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到客觀題答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。1.Whenshouldthespeakersgettotheparty?A.At1:30.B.At2:00.C.At2:30.2.Whatdoesthemancaremuchabout?A.Helen’slife.B.Helen’ssafety.C.Helen’sstudy.3.Whatisthewoman’sopiniononteachinginthefuture?A.Alrobotsareuselessinteaching.B.Teacherscan’tbereplacedbyAlrobots.C.Onlinecourseswillbecomethemostpopular.4.WhatdoesJanewanttodothisafternoon?A.Visitherfriend.B.Gotohercompany.C.Gohiking.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Somepaintings.B.Apainter.C.Anexhibition.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Schoolmates.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.7.Whatisthemanworriedabout?A.Hecan’tunderstandothers.B.Heisn’tinterestedinthetopicsC.He’safraidofaskingquestions.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhywillSusangodowntown?A.Tobuyagift.B.Toattendabirthdayparty.CTopickupherson.9.Whendidthemanbuyhisdaughteracellphone?A.Abouttwoweeksago.B.Aboutonemonthago.C.Abouttwomonthsago.10.Whatseemstobetheman’sdaughter’sproblem?A.Thegenerationgap.B.Heraddictiontothecellphone.C.Herpoorcommunicationwithothers.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdidthewomandointhebar?A.Sheweptthefloor.B.Sheplayedmusic.C.Shesoldbeer.12.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherfirsworkingnight?A.Tiring.B.Enjoyable.C.Boring.13.Whatdidthewomandowithalostwallet?A.Shekeptitforherself.B.Shegaveittothepolice.CShetriedtocontacttheowner.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.WhydoesSusanlookalittledepressed?A.Shefailedhermathexam.B.Shecouldn’tfindastudypartner.C.Shedidn’tenteragoodhighschool.15.WhatdoesSusanthinkoftheman’sadvice?A.UselessB.Strange.C.Great.16.WhatsubjectdoesRobertlike?A.English.B.Math.C.History.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whopersuadedthespeakertogotoacookerycourse?A.Hercousin.B.Hersister.C.Hermother.18.Whatkindofcoursedidthespeakerchoose?A.Theone—daycourse.B.Thethree—daycourse.C.Theone—weekcourse,19.Whatsurprisedthespeakerinthefirstclass?A.Thepopularcourse.B.Manyactiveteenagers.C.Anumberofteachers.20.Wheredidthespeakervisitafterthefirstclass?A.Arestaurant.B.Amarket.C.Abakery.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ABelowisalistofactivitiesthatwillgetyouexcitedandaddabitoffunintoyourscheduleatthesametime.Ready,set,play!JoinateamsportPlayingsportaspartofateamcanhelpyougetactivewhilemakingfriendsandfeelingpartofyourcommunity.Thislistoflinkswillleadyouthroughtosportsclubsandfixturesacrossthestate,oryoucanusetheMyCommunitydirectorytosearchforyoursportofchoice.MakedatenightactivenightDatenight(oranytimeyouhangwithlovedonesorfriends)doesn’thavetobespentsittinginacinema.Getactiveonyournextdatebygoingbowling,playinglasertagorpaintball,orsinkingballsatminigolf.CatchandkickAnyonewithkidswillknowthatsometimesentertainingthemtakespriorityoverlookingafteryourownhealth.Killtwobirdswithonestoneandtakethemtotheparktokickafootyorthrowaballbackandforth.Onceeveryone’spractisedtheirkicking,throwingandcatchingskills,takethingstothenextlevelbyaskingthemtothroworkicklongandmakeyourunforit.TakethestairsAnoldybutagoody,takingthestairsinsteadofaliftisgreatforworkingthemajormusclegroupsinthelegs.Itmightnotseemlikethemostfunoptionforaworkout,butyoucanfitasurprisingamountofactivityintoeverydaybytakingthestairswhenevertheyareanoption.Andifyougethooked(喜歡上),youcanevenbecomeacompetitivestairclimber.1.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Publichealthandwellbeing. B.Researchandreports.C.Newsandevents. D.Strategicdirection.2.WhatistheadvantageofJoinateamsport?A.Youhavemoretimeformorningexercise.B.Youhaveabetterwayofcommunication.C.Itisawaytoworkthemajormuscleinlegs.D.Youwillgetanexpertdirectioninthegroup.3.Whichwouldafatherchooseifhewantedtoplaywithhis5—year—oldson?A.Joinateamsport B.TakethestairsC.Catchandkick D.Makedatenightactivenight【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了給你的日程安排增加一點(diǎn)樂(lè)趣四項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Belowisalistofactivitiesthatwillgetyouexcitedandaddabitoffunintoyourscheduleatthesametime.(下面是一些會(huì)讓你興奮的活動(dòng)，同時(shí)給你的日程安排增加一點(diǎn)樂(lè)趣。)”可知，全文介紹了四項(xiàng)體育活動(dòng)，因此應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)在公共健康欄目。故選A。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Playingsportaspartofateamcanhelpyougetactivewhilemakingfriendsandfeelingpartofyourcommunity.(作為團(tuán)隊(duì)的一分子參加體育活動(dòng)可以幫助你在交朋友和感覺(jué)自己是社區(qū)的一部分的同時(shí)變得活躍。)”可知，參加這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，除了健身外，還可以交朋友和更好地成為社區(qū)一員，因此有助于建立良好的交流。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Anyonewithkidswillknowthatsometimesentertainingthemtakespriorityoverlookingafteryourownhealth.(任何有孩子的人都知道，有時(shí)娛樂(lè)他們比照顧自己的健康更重要。一舉兩得，帶他們?nèi)ス珗@踢足球或來(lái)回扔球。)”可知，這是適合家長(zhǎng)與孩子一起玩的活動(dòng)。故選C。BGoingtoschoolcanbeademandingobstacleformany,butsomepeoplearemorethanupforthechallenge.ForDylanKuehl,beingastudenthasbeenachallengingjoy.The38-year-oldhashadapassionforstudying,andbelievesthatthemoreheleans,themorehelearnstoseetheworlddifferently.Thisopen-mindedapproachandenthusiasticmindsetisallthemoreinspiringasKuehlhasDownsyndrome.Heknowsthestruggleofbreakingnewgroundfromalifetimeofexperienceofbeingdifferent.HehassustainedhisabilitytoshineasauniqueindividualbygraduatingfromTheEvergreenStateCollegeinWashingtonState.KuehlisthefirstpersonwithDownsyndromeinthecollege’s51-yearhistorytoearnafour-yeardegree.Notonlythat,butthisalsomakeshimthefirstpersonwithDownsyndromeinWashingtonstatetoachievethisremarkablemilestone.Kuehl’spassionforcreativityledhimtostudyforaBachelorofArtsdegree.Heenjoyedclassesinpaintinganddanceaspartofhiscurriculum(課程),buthisprimaryfocuswaswriting.Outof900graduates,hewasoneofthreetobeselectedtogiveanaddressatthegraduationceremony.“Celebrateyourabilities,”Kuehltellshisfellowstudentsinhisspeech.“Liveyourlifewithambitionandpride.”Wecanalltakealeafoutofthisinspiringman’sbookwhichisbound,itseems,byenthusiasm,positivity,determination,andawholelotofmotivatinghardwork.Asidefromgraduatingcollege,Kuehlisalsoanentrepreneur(企業(yè)家).HestartedhisownvisualandperformingartscompanycalledDKArtsin2005,wherehesellshisownartworkandglassjewelry.HeplaysthedrumsinabandcalledLivingtheDream,advocatingforinclusionthroughhismusic.4.WhatdoesKuehlthinkofhisstudying?A.Amustforhisownbusiness. B.Waysofviewingtheworld.C.Makes—upforhisgreatdisability. D.Approachestoshowhisgifts.5.WhatcanweknowaboutKuehl’sachievementinhisstudy?A.Heachieveswhatothersinhisstatehaven’tachieved.B.Hehasgainedmorescoresthanhisnormalclassmates.C.Hehasstudiesinthecollegeformorethanfouryears.D.Hismaininterestincollegeisinpaintinganddance.6.WhatcanbeinferredaboutKuehlfromthelastparagraph?A.HeactsastheleadersingerinLivingtheDream.B.Hiscompanyproducesproductsforthedisabled.C.Hehasanumberofhobbiesbesideshisbusiness.D.Hethinkshighlyofdeterminationthroughhismusic.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeKuehl?A.Wealthy. B.Generous. C.Strict. D.Inspiring.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了患有唐氏綜合癥的Kuehl不僅完成了自己的大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)，成為常青州立學(xué)院成立51年來(lái)首位患有唐氏綜合癥的畢業(yè)生。他還建立了自己的企業(yè)，還是樂(lè)隊(duì)的鼓手?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“The38-year-oldhashadapassionforstudying,andbelievesthatthemoreheleans,themorehelearnstoseetheworlddifferently.(38歲的他對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)充滿(mǎn)熱情，他相信自己學(xué)習(xí)得越多，就越能從不同的角度看世界。)”可知，他覺(jué)得一個(gè)人知識(shí)越多，越能從不同的角度看世界，因此他覺(jué)得學(xué)習(xí)是看世界的方式。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“HehassustainedhisabilitytoshineasauniqueindividualbygraduatingfromTheEvergreenStateCollegeinWashingtonState.KuehlisthefirstpersonwithDownsyndromeinthecollege’s51-yearhistorytoearnafour-yeardegree.(從華盛頓州的常青州立學(xué)院畢業(yè)后，他一直保持著作為一個(gè)獨(dú)特個(gè)體的發(fā)光能力。Kuehl是該學(xué)院51年歷史上第一個(gè)獲得四年制學(xué)位的唐氏綜合癥患者。)”可知，他實(shí)現(xiàn)了別人在他這個(gè)狀態(tài)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Asidefromgraduatingcollege,Kuehlisalsoanentrepreneur(企業(yè)家).(除了大學(xué)畢業(yè)，Kuehl還是一名企業(yè)家。)”以及最后一句“HeplaysthedrumsinabandcalledLivingtheDream,advocatingforinclusionthroughhismusic.(他在一個(gè)名為L(zhǎng)ivingtheDream的樂(lè)隊(duì)中打鼓，倡導(dǎo)通過(guò)音樂(lè)實(shí)現(xiàn)包容性。)”可知，他創(chuàng)辦了自己的企業(yè)，而且還是樂(lè)隊(duì)的鼓手，因此他愛(ài)好很廣泛，生活豐富多彩。故選C。【7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第四句“Thisopen-mindedapproachandenthusiasticmindsetisallthemoreinspiringasKuehlhasDownsyndrome.(由于Kuehl患有唐氏綜合癥，這種開(kāi)放的態(tài)度和熱情的心態(tài)更加鼓舞人心。)”可知，Kuehl是鼓舞人心的。故選D。CParentsareanenormouslypowerfulforceinthelivesofchildren.WhetherJohnnycanread,whetherJohnnyknowsrightfromwrong,whetherJohnnyisahappy,well—adjustedkid,orshyandbad—tempered,hasawholelottodowiththekindofparentingJohnnyhasreceived.IfJohnny’smomanddadhavebeenabletocomethroughwithlasting,determining,lovingattention,theoddsareJohnnyisontracktobecomeaproductive,compassionatecitizen.Iftheyhavenot,Johnnyisintrouble—andsoisournation.ThirtyyearsagoChicagosociologistJamesS.Colemanshowedthatparentalinvolvementmatteredfarmoreindeterminingschoolsuccessthananyqualityoftheformaleducationsystem.Acrossawiderangeofsubjectareas,inliterature,scienceandreading,Colemanestimatedthattheparentwastwiceaspowerfulastheschoolindeterminingachievementatagefourteen.PsychologistLawrenceSteinberg,whorecentlycompletedasix—yearstudyof20,000teenagersinninedifferentcommunities,confirmstheimportanceofparents.Steinbergshowsthatoneoutofthreeparentsis“seriouslydisengaged”fromhisorheradolescent’seducation,andthisistheprimaryreasonwhysomanyAmericanstudentsperformbelowtheirpotential—andbelowstudentsinotherrichcountries.Aweightofevidencenowdemonstratesobviouslinksbetweenabsentparentsandawiderangeofbehavioralandemotionalproblemsinchildren.A1997studyof90,000teenagers—theAddHealthProjectundertakenbytheCarolinaPopulationCenterandtheAdolescentHealthProgramattheUniversityofMinnesota—foundthatyoungstersarelesslikelygethopeless,usedrugsorbecomeinvolvedincrimewhentheyspentsignificanttimewiththeirparents.Thisstudyfoundthatonlythephysicalpresenceofaparentinthehomeafterschool,atdinnerandatbedtimesignificantlyreducestheincidenceofriskybehavioramongteenagers.8.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph1?A.Childrenshouldbetaughttobesuccessfulinlife.B.Parents’characterhasadeepinfluenceonchildren.C.Childrenareaffectedbymanyfactorsduringthegrowth.DParentsshouldbestrictwiththeirchildrenaboutbehaviors.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph1mean?A.Odds. B.Children. C.Citizens. D.Parents.10.What’sthepurposeofLawrenceSteinberg’sresearch?A.Tofindoutwhytherearesomanycrimes.B.Toknowtheimportanceofparents’company.C.Togetwaystopreventteenagers’sbadbehaviors.D.Tofindlinksbetweenparents’educationandcrimes.11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsparents’companywithchildren?A.Intolerant. B.Doubtful. C.Favorable. D.Unclear.【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。通過(guò)引用Steinberg以及1997年的研究，來(lái)說(shuō)明父母的陪伴在兒童性格養(yǎng)成方面的重要作用?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Parentsareanenormouslypowerfulforceinthelivesofchildren.WhetherJohnnycanread,whetherJohnnyknowsrightfromwrong,whetherJohnnyisahappy,well—adjustedkid,orshyandbad—tempered,hasawholelottodowiththekindofparentingJohnnyhasreceived.(父母在孩子的生活中是一股非常強(qiáng)大的力量。Johnny是否會(huì)讀書(shū)，是否能明辨是非，Johnny是一個(gè)快樂(lè)的、適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng)的孩子，還是害羞、壞脾氣的孩子，都與Johnny所接受的教育方式有很大關(guān)系。)”可以推斷出，孩子的學(xué)習(xí)能力，判斷是非能力和性格是什么樣的，跟父母的教育有很大的關(guān)系，父母對(duì)孩子有很深的影響。故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“IfJohnny’smomanddadhavebeenabletocomethroughwithlasting,determining,lovingattention,theoddsareJohnnyisontracktobecomeaproductive,compassionatecitizen.(如果Johnny的父母能夠給予他持久的、堅(jiān)定的、充滿(mǎn)愛(ài)的關(guān)注，那么Johnny很可能會(huì)成為一個(gè)富有成效、富有同情心的公民。)”以及劃線(xiàn)詞所在句“Iftheyhavenot,Johnnyisintrouble—andsoisournation.(如果他們沒(méi)有，Johnny就有麻煩了，我們的國(guó)家也有麻煩了。)”可知，這兩句話(huà)是在進(jìn)行對(duì)比，對(duì)比父母給予Johnny足夠的關(guān)注和沒(méi)有足夠的關(guān)注，Johnny會(huì)成為什么樣的公民。所以，they指代的是Johnny’smomanddad。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“PsychologistLawrenceSteinberg,whorecentlycompletedasix—yearstudyof20,000teenagersinninedifferentcommunities,confirmstheimportanceofparents.Steinbergshowsthatoneoutofthreeparentsis“seriouslydisengaged”fromhisorheradolescent’seducation,andthisistheprimaryreasonwhysomanyAmericanstudentsperformbelowtheirpotential—andbelowstudentsinotherrichcountries.(心理學(xué)家LawrenceSteinberg最近完成了一項(xiàng)針對(duì)9個(gè)不同社區(qū)2萬(wàn)名青少年為期6年的研究，證實(shí)了父母的重要性。Steinberg指出，三分之一的父母“嚴(yán)重脫離”他們對(duì)于青少年的教育，這就是如此多的美國(guó)學(xué)生表現(xiàn)低于他們的潛力，甚至低于其他富裕國(guó)家的學(xué)生的主要原因。)”可知，LawrenceSteinberg的研究目的就是為了證明父母陪伴的重要性，缺乏父母的陪伴，會(huì)導(dǎo)致青少年表現(xiàn)較差。故選B。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一句話(huà)“Parentsareanenormouslypowerfulforceinthelivesofchildren.(父母在孩子的生活中是一股非常強(qiáng)大的力量。)”可知，作者在文章開(kāi)頭就指出父母在孩子的生活中的重要性。之后又引用了Steinberg以及1997年的一項(xiàng)研究，說(shuō)明缺少父母陪伴，孩子會(huì)表現(xiàn)的不好，父母給予足夠的陪伴，青少年就不太可能絕望，吸毒或者犯罪，所以可以推斷出作者對(duì)于父母陪伴孩子的態(tài)度是贊成的。A.Intolerant無(wú)法忍受的；B.Doubtful懷疑的；C.Favorable贊成的；D.Unclear不清楚的。故選C。DClimatechangemayincreasetheriskofvirusesbecomingcapableofinfectingnewhostsintheArctic,suggestsastudyofgeneticmaterialfromaCanadianlake.CanadianscientistsfoundthatanincreaseinglaciermeltatLakeHazen,theArctic’slargestlakebyvolumeandanotherlocationwaslinkedtoagreaterriskofviraleffects,whereavirusinfectsanewhostforthefirsttime.Meltingglaciers(融化的冰川)wereconsideredaresultofclimatechangeglobally.TheteamfromtheUniversityofOttawa,ledbyAudreeLemieux,gatheredsoilandotheritemsfromthelakeandsequenced(序列)theRNAandDNAinthesamples.Theresearchersfoundcharactersofvirusesandtheirpotentialhostsincludinganimals,plantsandsoon.Theythenrananalgorithm(算法)recentlydevelopedbyadifferentresearchteam,whichassessesthechanceofcoevolution(共同進(jìn)化)amongunrelatedgroupsoforganisms.Thealgorithmallowedtheteamtomeasuretheriskofspillover,andsuggestedthiswashigherinlakesamplesnearertothepointwherelargerbranches—carryingmoremeltwaterfromnearbyglaciers—flowintothelake.“Ourmainfindingisthatweshowthatforthisspecificlake,thespilloverriskincreaseswiththemeltingofglaciers.We’renotcryingwolf.”saysLemieux.ShesaystheriskofinfectiousdiseasescomingfromtheArcticislowtodayduetotheregion’slackof“bridges”,suchasmosquitoes,thatcanspreadvirusestootherspecies.However,theresearchersnotethatclimatechangenotonlymeltsglaciers,butisalsoexpectedtocausemorespeciestomovetowardsthepoles,whichtheywarn“couldhavedramaticeffectintheHighArctic”.Exactlyhowglaciermeltmightincreasespilloverriskisn’tentirelyclearfromsimplyrunningthealgorithm.Co-authorStephaneAris-Brosousaysoneideaisthatextrarun-offsimplyincreasesthemixingofspeciesbecausetheirlocalenvironmentisdisturbed,physicallybringingtogethervirusesandpotentialnewhoststhatwouldn’totherwisemeeteachother.12.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothesecondparagraph?A.Glaciershaveslowedinmeltingprocess.B.AnewhostintheArctichasbeenaffected.C.ScientistsguessviruseswillcomeintheArctic.D.ViralspilloverwillappearintheArcticintime.13.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytellus?A.WhatwecandotostopthevirusesintheArctic.B.WhyBranchesofthelakearekeysinspillingoverviruses.C.HowscientistscalculatetheriskofspilloverintheArctic.D.Whatsignaturesofvirusesandtheirpotentialhostsshows.14.WhatdoesLemieuxmeanbysaying“We’renotcryingwolf.”?A.Thevirusspilloverwillhappenwithglaciermelting.B.Viruseswon’tspreadwidelyduetolackofbridge.C.Scientistshavemadegreateffortsinpreventingviruses.D.ThereisnoneedtoworryaboutthevirusesintheArctic.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.VirusesAppearinginTwoPlacesintheArcticB.GlacierMeltingResultingintheVirusSpilloverC.Scientists’CalculationabouttheVirusesintheArcticD.ClimateChangeLinkedtoRiskofVirusesintheArctic【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章闡述了北極首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了有新的宿主被病毒感染，加拿大科學(xué)家認(rèn)為氣候變化加劇冰川融化，增加了病毒外溢的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“CanadianscientistsfoundthatanincreaseinglaciermeltatLakeHazen,theArctic’slargestlakebyvolumeandanotherlocationwaslinkedtoagreaterriskofviraleffects,whereavirusinfectsanewhostforthefirsttime.(加拿大科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，在北極體積最大的湖泊LakeHazen湖和另一個(gè)地方，冰川融化的加劇與病毒感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加有關(guān)，病毒在那里首次感染了新的宿主。)”可知在北極首次有新的宿主被感染。故選B?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“TheteamfromtheUniversityofOttawa,ledbyAudreeLemieux,gatheredsoilandotheritemsfromthelakeandsequenced(序列)theRNAandDNAinthesamples.(來(lái)自渥太華大學(xué)的研究小組由AudreeLemieux領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，他們從湖中采集土壤和其他物品，并對(duì)樣本中的RNA和DNA進(jìn)行測(cè)序。)”以及最后一句“Thealgorithmallowedtheteamtomeasuretheriskofspillover,andsuggestedthiswashigherinlakesamplesnearertothepointwherelargerbranches—carryingmoremeltwaterfromnearbyglaciers—flowintothelake.(該算法使團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠測(cè)量病毒傳播的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并表明在更大的分支——攜帶更多來(lái)自附近冰川的融水——流入湖中的點(diǎn)附近的湖泊樣本中，這一風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。)”可知研究小組通過(guò)對(duì)湖泊土壤及其他物品采樣，樣本的RNA和DNA測(cè)序，并運(yùn)用算法分析病毒傳播的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，所以第三段主要闡述研究團(tuán)隊(duì)如何計(jì)算在北極病毒傳播的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選C?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題?！癢e’renotcryingwolf.”中文意思是“我們不是在喊狼來(lái)了。”，用來(lái)表示所說(shuō)的話(huà)并不是危言聳聽(tīng)，結(jié)合劃線(xiàn)句前“Ourmainfindingisthatweshowthatforthisspecificlake,thespilloverriskincreaseswiththemeltingofglaciers.(我們的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)是，對(duì)于這個(gè)特定的湖泊，病毒溢出的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隨著冰川的融化而增加。)”可知，Lemieux說(shuō)這句話(huà)表達(dá)的意思是隨著冰川的融化，病毒外溢的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在增加，這不是危言聳聽(tīng)。故選A。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ClimatechangemayincreasetheriskofvirusesbecomingcapableofinfectingnewhostsintheArctic,suggestsastudyofgeneticmaterialfromaCanadianlake.(一項(xiàng)對(duì)加拿大一個(gè)湖泊遺傳物質(zhì)的研究表明，氣候變化可能會(huì)增加病毒在北極感染新宿主的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”以及下文對(duì)此項(xiàng)研究的詳細(xì)介紹可知全文主要講述氣候變化帶來(lái)的冰川融化，造成病毒感染新宿主的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加，故“ClimateChangeLinkedtoRiskofVirusesintheArctic”是最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whilenoonecanavoidallstress,youcanworktohandleitinhealthywaysthatincreaseyourpotentialtorecover.Eatanddrinktoimproveyourhealth.Somepeopletrytoreducestressbydrinkingalcoholoreatingtoomuch.____16____Butactuallymayaddtostressinthelongrun.Caffeinealsocanworsentheeffectsofstress.Consumingahealthy,balanceddietcanhelptopreventstress.Exerciseregularly.____17____Considernon—competitiveaerobic(有氧的)exercise,strengtheningwithweights,ormovementactivitieslikeyogaorTaiChi,andsetreasonablegoalsforyourself.Aerobicexercisehasbeenshowntoreleaseendorphins—naturalsubstancesthathelpyoufeelbetterandmaintainapositiveattitude.____18____Peoplewhousenicotineoftenrefertoitasastressreliever.However,nicotineactuallyplacesmorestressonthebodybyincreasingphysicalarousalandreducingbloodflowandbreathing.Reducetriggers(觸發(fā))ofstress.Ifyouarelikemostpeople,yourlifemaybefilledwithtoomanydemandsandtoolittletime.____19____Youcanfreeuptimebypracticingtime—managementskillslikeaskingforhelpwhenit’sappropriate,settingpriorities,pacingyourself,andreservingtimetotakecareofyourself.Studyandpracticerelaxationtechniques.Takingthetimetorelaxeverydayhelpstomanagestressandtoprotectthebodyfromtheeffectsofstress.Youcanchoosefromavarietyoftechniques.Theseincludesdeepbreathing,imagery,progressivemusclerelaxation,andmindfulnessmeditation.Therearemanyonlineandsmartphoneappsthatprovideguidanceonthesetechniques.____20____A.Examineyourvaluesandlivebythem.B.Stopusingtobaccoandnicotineproducts.C.Theseactionsmayseemtohelpinthemoment.D.Youshouldtryyourbesttomeettheexpectationsofothers.E.Forthemostpart,thesedemandsareoneswehavechosen.F.Althoughsomeneedpurchasecosts,manyareavailablefreeofcharge.G.Besidesphysicalhealthbenefits,ithasbeenshowntobeapowerfulstressreliever.【答案】16.C17.G18.B19.E20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了如何緩解生活中的壓力?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Somepeopletrytoreducestressbydrinkingalcoholoreatingtoomuch.(有些人試圖通過(guò)飲酒或暴飲暴食來(lái)減輕壓力)”和下文“Butactuallythesemayaddtostressinthelongrun.(但實(shí)際上，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，這些可能會(huì)增加壓力)”可知，空格上下文告訴我們有些人通過(guò)飲酒或暴飲暴食來(lái)減輕壓力，但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，這些可能會(huì)增加壓力，C項(xiàng)意為“在那一刻，這些行動(dòng)似乎有所幫助?！边x項(xiàng)能夠承接上文，選項(xiàng)中的“Theseactions”代指上文提到的“drinkingalcoholoreatingtoomuch”，且能引起下文，雖然這些行動(dòng)在那一刻似乎有所幫助，但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，這些可能會(huì)增加壓力。故選C。【17題詳解】根據(jù)段落主旨句“Exerciseregularly.(經(jīng)常鍛煉)”可知，本段內(nèi)容告訴我們經(jīng)常鍛煉有助于緩解壓力，G項(xiàng)意為“除了對(duì)身體健康有益外，它還被證明是一種強(qiáng)大的壓力緩解劑?！边x項(xiàng)符合段落主旨，經(jīng)常鍛煉除了對(duì)身體健康有益外，還被證明是一種強(qiáng)大的壓力緩解劑，且下文具體解釋了經(jīng)常鍛煉是如何緩解壓力的，“it”代指上文“Exerciseregularly.”。故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Peoplewhousenicotineoftenrefertoitasastressreliever.However,nicotineactuallyplacesmorestressonthebodybyincreasingphysicalarousalandreducingbloodflowandbreathing.(使用尼古丁的人經(jīng)常將其稱(chēng)為壓力緩解劑。然而，尼古丁實(shí)際上通過(guò)增加生理喚醒，減少血液流動(dòng)和呼吸，給身體帶來(lái)更多壓力。)”可知，本段內(nèi)容告訴我們不要使用尼古丁產(chǎn)品，因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)給身體帶來(lái)更多壓力，B項(xiàng)意為“停止使用煙草和尼古丁產(chǎn)品?！边x項(xiàng)能夠概括段落主旨。故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ifyouarelikemostpeople,yourlifemaybefilledwithtoomanydemandsandtoolittletime.(如果你像大多數(shù)人一樣，你的生活可能充滿(mǎn)了太多的要求和太少的時(shí)間)”可知，上文告訴我們生活中充滿(mǎn)了太多的要求和太少的時(shí)間，這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致壓力，E項(xiàng)意為“在大多數(shù)情況下，這些要求是我們選擇的。”選項(xiàng)能夠承接上文，我們生活充滿(mǎn)了太多的要求，但在大多數(shù)情況下，這些要求是我們選擇的，其中“thesedemands”和上文“toomanydemands”相呼應(yīng)。故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Therearemanyonlineandsmartphoneappsthatprovideguidanceonthesetechniques.(有許多在線(xiàn)和智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序可以為這些技術(shù)提供指導(dǎo))”可知，許多在線(xiàn)和智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序可以為緩解壓力的技術(shù)提供指導(dǎo)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)意為“雖然有些需要購(gòu)買(mǎi)成本，但許多都是免費(fèi)使用的?！边x項(xiàng)能夠承接上文，繼續(xù)介紹在線(xiàn)和智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序，即：這些在線(xiàn)和智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序有些需要購(gòu)買(mǎi)成本，但許多都是免費(fèi)使用的。故選F。第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。WhenIwasaboygrowingupIcouldnotonceeverremembereithermyMomormyNanawastingfood.Anythingwedidn’teatatonemealwassaved,stored,and____21____asleftoverslateron.Ican____22____myNanamakingahugepotofbrownbeanswithalargecakeofcornbread.Wewouldalleatuntilwewere____23____buttherewasalwaysabouthalfofthebeans____24____.AfewdayslaterNanawouldtakethosebeansoutofthe____25____,boilnoodles,addparsleyand____26____themalltogetherintoherdeliciousPastaFasule.AndIalsorememberwhenI____27____myMomfrybaconforusinthemorningsshewouldalwaystaketheoiland____28____pouritintoacontainer.Thenshelaterwoulduseitto____29____somanyotherdishes.IwasanadultbeforeIrealizedthatgreenbeansdidn’t____30____tastelikebacon.Ilearnedtheir____31____wellandafterIgrewupItriedtonever____32____foodmyself.Ialwaysplannedtheweek’smealsaheadoftimeandonlyboughtwhatwasonmy____33____listsonothingwenttowaste.Everymealwentintoatummyandanyleftoverswerelatereatenbyeithermyself,myboys,ormydogs.Tomethrowingfoodinthetrashwasjust____34____.Alltheworkittooktogrowit,harvestit,andprepareitneededtobe____35____notwasted.21.A.thrown B.washed C.burned D.served22.A.mind B.remember C.regret D.avoid23.A.full B.tired C.worried D.upset24.A.putdown B.movedoutside C.carriedoff D.leftover25.A.stove B.fire C.refrigerator D.bowl26.A.mix B.break C.bring D.separate27.A.heard B.watched C.felt D.had28.A.hurriedly B.nervously C.hesitantly D.carefully29.A.flavorup B.ruinoff C.joinup D.keepaway30.A.eventually B.occasionally C.actually D.lately31.A.skills B.lessons C.secrets D.fortune32A.store B.cook C.keep D.waste33.A.shopping B.desiring C.waiting D.mailing34.A.possible B.necessary C.wrong D.incredible35.A.completed B.honored C.noticed D.ignored【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.D25.C26.A27.B28.D29.A30.C31.B32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是記敘文。全文講述作者奶奶和媽媽從不浪費(fèi)食物，她們把吃剩的食品做成各種食品或者調(diào)味品。之后作者也繼承了這一習(xí)慣，作者認(rèn)為食品制作過(guò)程的每一步都需要得到尊重。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們一頓飯沒(méi)吃的東西都被保存起來(lái)，儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)，以后作為剩菜。A.thrown扔；B.washed洗滌；C.burned燃燒；D.served服務(wù)。根據(jù)空前的saved,stored以及空后的“myNanamakingahugepotofbrownbeanswithalargecakeofcornbread”可以推斷，吃剩的食品經(jīng)過(guò)儲(chǔ)存后，以后又會(huì)端上(served)餐桌。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我還記得奶奶煮了一大鍋黑豆和一大塊玉米面包。A.mind介意；B.remember記得；C.regret后悔；D.avoid避免。聯(lián)系文章第一句“WhenIwasaboygrowingup”可知，作者講述過(guò)去的事情，因此現(xiàn)在能記起(remember)那時(shí)的事情。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們會(huì)一直吃到飽，但總是會(huì)剩下一半左右的豆子。A.full滿(mǎn)的，吃飽的；B.tired疲憊的；C.worried擔(dān)心的；D.upset沮喪的。從空前的“Wewouldalleat”可知，一直吃到飽(full)，然后剩下食品。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我們會(huì)一直吃到飽，但總是會(huì)剩下一半左右的豆子。A.putdown放下；B.movedoutside搬出去；C.carriedoff奪去；D.leftover剩下。結(jié)合空前的“halfofthebeans”以及空后的“takethosebeans”可知，有些豆子剩下了(leftover)。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾天后，娜娜會(huì)把這些豆子從冰箱里拿出來(lái)，煮面條，加歐芹，把它們混合在一起，做成她美味的法蘇意面。A.stove爐子；B.fire火；C.refrigerator冰箱；D.bowl碗。依據(jù)空前的“AfewdayslaterNanawouldtakethosebeansoutof”可知，今天后這些豆子就會(huì)從冰箱(refrigerator)里拿出來(lái)。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：幾天后，娜娜會(huì)把這些豆子從冰箱里拿出來(lái)，煮面條，加歐芹，把它們混合在一起，做成她美味的法蘇意面。A.mix混合；B.break打破；C.bring帶來(lái)；D.separate分開(kāi)。聯(lián)系空后的“themalltogetherintoherdeliciousPastaFasule”可知，奶奶就會(huì)把這些食材放一起(mix)。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我還記得，當(dāng)我早上看著媽媽為我們煎培根時(shí)，她總是把油小心翼翼地倒進(jìn)一個(gè)容器里。A.heard聽(tīng)見(jiàn)；B.watched觀看；C.felt感覺(jué)；D.had有。從短文第一句“WhenIwasaboygrowingupIcouldnotonceeverremembereithermyMomormyNanawastingfood.”可知，此時(shí)作者觀看著(watched)媽媽烤培根。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我還記得，當(dāng)我早上看著媽媽為我們煎培根時(shí)，她總是把油小心翼翼地倒進(jìn)一個(gè)容器里。A.hurriedly匆忙地；B.nervously緊張地；C.hesitantly猶豫地；D.carefully仔細(xì)地。從前文作者講述奶奶和媽媽非常節(jié)儉，以及空后的“pouritintoacontainer”因此她小心翼翼地(carefully)把油倒上，生怕撒了。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：后來(lái)她又用它來(lái)給其他很多菜調(diào)味。A.flavorup調(diào)味；B.ruinoff毀壞；C.joinup聯(lián)合；D.keepaway遠(yuǎn)離。根據(jù)空前的“useit”可知，她用油給其他食品調(diào)味(flavorup)。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：成年后我才意識(shí)到青豆其實(shí)嘗起來(lái)不像培根。A.eventually最后；B.occasionally偶爾；C.actually實(shí)際上；D.lately最近。結(jié)合空前的“greenbeans”以及空后的“tastelikebacon”可知，青豆實(shí)際上(actually)味道不像培根。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我很好地學(xué)習(xí)了她們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，長(zhǎng)大后我試著自己從不浪費(fèi)食物。A.skills技能；B.lessons經(jīng)驗(yàn)；C.secrets秘密；D.fortune財(cái)富。聯(lián)系后文的講述可知，作者很好地學(xué)習(xí)她們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)(lessons)。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我很好地學(xué)習(xí)了她們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，長(zhǎng)大后我試著自己從不浪費(fèi)食物。A.store商店；B.cook烹飪；C.keep保持；D.