湖南省長沙市長郡中學2021-2022學年高二下學期期末考試英語試題（解析版）

學科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司

長郡中學2021—2022學年度高二第二學期期末考試

英語

時量：120分鐘滿分：150分

第一部分考試聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C。

1.Whatwillthespeakersmostlikelydonext?

A.Gotoarestaurant.B.Makedinner.C.Eatdumplings.

2.Whenwillthespeakerswatchthemovie?

A.At3:00p.m.B.At4:00p.m.C.At5:00p.m.

3.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Motherandson.B.Brotherandsister.C.Fatheranddaughter.

4.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardtheman’sfailure?

A.Optimistic.B.Unconcerned.C.Upset.

5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Thestreet.B.Thecolor.C.Thehouse.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whydoesthewomanfeelbadforherfriends?

A.Theydon’tgetpaid.B.Theyworklonghours.C.Theydon’thavefreelunch.

7.Whatdoesthemando?

A.Arocketengineer.B.Afirefighter.C.Ascientist.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.WheredoesTimplantolive?

A.Inthedorm.B.Withahostfamily.C.Athome.

9.WhatdoesTimsuggestthewomando?

A.Liveinthedorm.B.Findahostfamily.C.AskAlbertforhelp.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.Whichbookdidthewomanmentionfirst?

A.TheNecklace.B.TheArtofWar.C.TheGiftoftheMagi.

11.WhowillmakeuseofTheArtofWar?

A.Theman.B.Teachers.C.Businessmanagers.

12.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?

A.She’sbeenbusy.B.Shecan’taffordthebooks.C.Shewantstorunabusiness.

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Howmanycolleaguesofthetwospeakersaregoingtothebarbeque?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Five.

14.Whatwilltheman’sbrotherbring?

A.Smokedmeat.B.Hamburgers.C.Snacks.

15.Whatdothespeakersneedtobuyforthebarbeque?

A.Juice.B.Hotdogs.C.Salad.

16.Whatisthepriceofpotatosaladthisweekend?

A.20dollars.B.18dollars.C.10dollars.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.HowlongdoesthespeakerliveintheU.S.?

A.Forabout10years.B.Forabout20years.C.Forabout25years.

18.Inwhichcountrytipsareconsideredtobeimpolite?

A.Portugal.B.Belgium.C.Japan.

19.WhatisgoodaboutshoppinginAmerica?

A.Ithasagoodreturnpolicy.

B.Itdoesn’tneedtopayatip.

C.Ithasmanycheapholidaygifts.

20.WhatkindofU.S.billisabitpink?

A.A10-dollarone.B.A50-dollarone.C.A100-dollarone.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

MyfavouriteBooks

—PostedbyCatherineChung,agreatwriter

StoriesofYourLifeandOthersbyTedChiang

Thiscollectioncontainsseveralmathsstories.TheoneIrecommendisDivisionByZero,aboutJaneParkinson,abrilliantGermanmathematician.Tohergreatdespair,sheendsupprovingthatmathematicsisinconsistentandisabletoprovethatanytwonumbersareequal.Abeautiful,thought-provokingstoryaboutbelief,understanding,andfaith.

TheHousekeeperandtheProfessorbyYokoOgawa

It’saboutawomanwhocomestoworkforaonce-greatmathematician.Duetoabraininjury,hehasonly80minutesofshort-termmemoryavailabletohimbeforeheforgetseverything.Itisfilledwithbeautifulmaths,simplyandclearlydescribedalongsidefinelydrawnrelationshipsbetweenthecharacters.

TooMuchHappinessbyAliceMunro

Kovalevskayawasa19th-centurymathematicianatatimewhenwomenwerenotallowedinmostofEuropetoattenduniversity.ShemarriedamanwhopromisedtotakehertoGermanytostudy.ShemademajorcontributionstothefieldandbecamethefirstwomaninRussiatoobtainadoctorateinmathematics.

TheOreMiner’sWifebyKarlIagnemma

Itisaboutaminerwhothinkshe’sdiscoveredtheprooftotheproblem:constructasquare,equalinareatoagivencircle.Hiswife,notknowingwhathassuddenlytakenhisattentionandhistime,fearsheisbeingunfaithful.Infact,whathedoesisamovingexplorationofthejoysofenteringaproblem.

1.WhichbookisaboutapioneeringRussianwomanmathematician?

A.StoriesofYourLifeandOthers. B.TheHousekeeperandtheProfessor.

C.TooMuchHappiness. D.TheOreMiner’sWife.

2.Whatdothelistedbookshaveincommon?

A.Theytellstoriesofwomanmathematicians. B.Theyinvolvemathematics.

C.Theyexplorehumanrelationship. D.Theyrevealpeople’sinnerworld.

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthistext?

A.JaneParkinsonfailstoshowmathwasinconsistent.

B.ThemathematicianinYokoOgawa’sbookhasproblemmemorizingthings.

C.Inthe19thcentury,womeninEuropedidn’thavechancetogethighereducation.

D.TheminerinKarlIagnemma’sbookisunfaithfultohiswife.

TufagrewupinAustralia,soshecouldn'tunderstandwhyherfatherinsistedonteachingherOromo,alanguagespokeninEthiopia.

“DadneverspokeabouthislifebackinEthiopiaandyetheinsistedonteachingusthislanguage,”Tufasaid.“ThereweresomanyresourcesatmyfingertipsfortheotherlanguagesIwaslearningandsomanypeoplethatspeakthem.ButwhenDadwasteachingusOromo,therewerenotextbooksorlearningmaterialsatall.Andthatstruckmeasreallystrange.”

ButasTufagotolderandbegandoingherownresearch,shediscoveredwhyspeakingaboutOromowassopainfulforherfather.TheOromoarethelargestracialgroupofEthiopia.Butsincetheirlandwasseizedinthe1880s,thepeoplehavesufferedalot.TheOromolanguagewasbanned,includingfrompoliticallifeandschools.Oromotextsweredestroyed.Tufa'sfather,anOromo,fledtoEgyptand,inthelate1970s,hewasgivenasylum（庇護）inAustralia.

BythetimetheOromobanwaslifted,Tufa'sfatherhadestablishedasmall,privateOromoschoolinMelbournetoteachthelanguagetothechildrenofasylumseekers.Asshehelpedtoteachthestudents,Tufarealisedtheteachingresourceswereawful.Shedecidedtocreatepostersandworksheetsforherfather'sstudents,usingherownmoneytogetthemprinted.

ThreeotherOromoschoolsthathadopenedinVictoriabythenheardaboutthematerialsandallofthemwantedcopies.TufarealisedthatiftherewasademandforOromochildeducationmaterialsinAustralia,theremustbeothercommunitiesaroundtheworldwhereresourceswerealsoneeded.

ShelaunchedacrowdfundingcampaignsoshecouldprintmoreOromolearningmaterials.Bytheendof2014,injustsixweeks,shehadraisedalmost$125,000.Wordofherprojectspread.HerresourceshavealsofoundtheirwaytoEthiopia,withpeoplesendingcopiestofamilymemberswhostilllivethere.Thisyear,sheplanstolaunchanonlinestoreforherpublishingcompany.

4.WhatdidTufafeelstrangeaboutwhenlearningOromo?

A.Herfather'slifeinEthiopia.

B.Herfather'swayofteaching.

C.Thelackoflearningmaterials.

D.Theappearanceofotherlanguages.

5.Whatisthepurposeofthethirdparagraph?

A.Toexplainareason.

B.Togiveanexample.

C.Topresentanargument.

D.Toclearamisunderstanding.

6.HowdidTufameettheincreasingdemandforOromolearningmaterials?

A.Shecrowdfunded.

B.Sheturnedtohisfather.

C.Shedippedintoherownpocket.

D.Shecreatedpostersandworksheets.

7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.WhytheOromosufferedinEthiopia.

B.WheretheOromolanguageistaught.

C.HowagirlhelpstokeepOromoalive.

D.WhatschoolsneedinteachingOromo.

Pinocchiomaybejustachildren’sstory,butSpanishscientistsattheUniversityofGranadarecentlyinvestigatedtheso-called“Pinocchioeffect”andfoundthatournosesdon’tgrowlongerwhenwetellalie,butactuallygetalittlebitsmaller.

Dr.GómezMilánandhisteamdevelopedaliedetectortestthatusedthermal(熱成像的)camerastotellifpeoplewerelying,andfoundthatwheneverparticipantsintheirresearchwerebeinguntruthful,thetemperatureoftheirnosedroppedupto1.2℃,whilethetemperatureoftheirforeheadincreasedupto1.5℃.Theyalsofoundthatdropintemperatureatnoselevelactuallycausedittobecomeslightlysmaller,althoughthedifferencecouldnotbeseenbythehumaneye.“Onehastothinkinordertolie,whichraisesthetemperatureoftheforehead,”Dr.GómezMilánexplainedthefindings.“Atthesametimewefeelanxious,whichlowersthetemperatureofthenose.”

Forthisstudy,researchersaskedanumberof60studentstoperformvarioustaskswhilebeingscannedbythermalcameras.Oneofthesetasksinvolvedmakinga3-to-4-minutecalltotheirparents,partnersorfriendsandtellinganimportantlie.Participantshadtomakeuptheliethemselvesduringthecall,andthethermalcameraspickedupthis“oppositePinocchioeffect”causedbythechangesintemperatureinthenoseandforehead.

Interestingly,thethermalliedetectorpickedupthetemperaturedifferencein80percentoftestparticipants,whichisabetterrateofsuccessthanthatofanymodernliedetectorusedbythepolice.“Withthismethodwehaveincreasedaccuracyandreducethechancesof‘falsepositives’,somethingthatisfrequentwithothermethods,”saidDr.GómezMilán,whoaddedthatpolicecouldonedaycombineotherliedetectiontechnologywiththeirtechnologytoachievebetterresults.

8.Whydidthetemperatureoftheparticipants’foreheadsgoupduringthetest?

A.Theyfeltashamed. B.Theyhadtothinkhard.

C.Theywerescared. D.Theygotembarrassed.

9.Whatphenomenondoesthe“oppositePinocchioeffect”referto?

A.Thenosebecomessmaller. B.Thenosegetslonger.

C.Thetemperaturegetshigher. D.Thetemperatureremainsthesame.

10.Whatcanwelearnabouttheresearch?

A.Thethermalliedetectormayassistthepolice.

B.Thethermalliedetectorhasprovenapopularone.

C.Researchersconductedthestudybyinterviewing.

D.Researchersdesigneddifferentliesforparticipants.

11.Whichmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WillLieDetectorsTelltheTruth? B.WillThermalTechnologyBeReliable?

C.WillLyingMakeYourNoseLonger? D.WillLyingMakeYourTemperatureRise?

Theysayprocrastinationisthethiefoftime—actuallydeadlinesare.Newresearchhasfoundthatifyouwantsomeonetohelpyououtwithsomething,itisbestnottosetadeadlineatall.Butifyoudosetadeadline,makeitshort.

ProfessorStephenKnowlestestedtheeffectofdeadlinelengthontaskcompletionfortheirresearch.Participantswereinvitedtocompleteanonlinesurveyconcerningacharitydonation.Theyweregiveneitheroneweek,onemonth,ornodeadlinetorespond.ProfessorKnowlessaysalthoughthetopicofthesurveyisaboutcharity,theresultsaretrueofanysituationwheresomeoneasksanotherpersonforhelp.

Thestudyfoundresponsestothesurveywerelowestfortheone-monthdeadlineandhighestwhennodeadlinewasspecified.Nodeadlineandtheone-weekdeadlineledtomanyearlyresponses,whilealongdeadlineappearedtogivepeoplepermissiontoprocrastinate,andthenforget.ProfessorKnowleswasn’tsurprisedtofindthatspecifyingashorterdeadlineincreasedthechancesofreceivingaresponsecomparedtoalongerdeadline.However,hedidfinditinterestingthattheyreceivedthemostresponseswhennodeadlinewasspecified.

“Weinterpretthisasevidencethatspecifyingalongerdeadline,asopposedtoashortdeadlineornodeadlineatall,removestheurgencytoact,”hesays.“Peoplethereforeputoffundertakingthetask,andsincetheyareinattentiveorforget,postponingitresultsinlowerresponserates.”

Hesaysoftheresearchthatitispossiblethatnotspecifyingadeadlinemightstillhaveledparticipantstoassumethatthereisanunspokendeadline.ProfessorKnowleshopeshisresearchcanhelpreducetheamountofprocrastinatingpeopledo.“Manypeopleprocrastinate.Theyhavethebestintentionsofhelpingsomeoneout,butjustdonotgetaroundtodoingit.”

12.WhydidProfessorKnowlesdotheresearch?

A.Tostudytheroleadeadlineplaysinprocrastination.

B.Tofindoutwhetherpeopleareinterestedincharity.

C.Toattractpublicattentiontotheeffectsofprocrastination.

D.Totesttheeffectofprocrastinationontaskcompletion.

13.Whatmostlikelyleadstoprocrastination?

A.Nodeadlines. B.Shortdeadlines. C.Specificdeadlines. D.Longdeadlines.

14.What’stheattitudeofProfessorKnowlestothefindingsofthestudy?

A.Interested. B.Conservative. C.Confused. D.Unsurprised.

15.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“inattentive”?

A.Careless. B.Unimportant. C.Lazy. D.Difficult.

第三部分七選五（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Foodispartofwhoweare.Weallneedit,survivebecauseofitandderivehappinessfromit.Soiffoodmatterssomuch,whydoweletsomuchofitgorotteninourfridges,orgetthrownoutinourstores?Sadly,welovefood,butwedon’ttakecareofit.____16____Herearewaystohelpusloveourfoodbetterandgrowrespectfortheworldbehindwhatweeat.

?Reduceyourfoodwaste.

Buyonlythefoodyouneed,storefoodwisely,donateexcessandturnleftoverfoodintothenextday’smeals.Whenwewastefood,alltheresourcesusedforgrowing,processing,transportingandmarketingthatfoodarewastedtoo.____17____

?Supportyourlocalfoodproducers.

Chefsgetawards,starsandrecognitionfortheircreations.Butwhataboutourfarmers?____18____Shopatyourlocalmarketsandgettoknowyourfarmers.Givingthemyourbusinessisgivingthemyourrecognitionandrespect.

?Adoptahealthier,moresustainablediet.

____19____Wegetenergyandmaintainhealthfromgoodfood.Wenormallydon’tcarethepowerthatfoodandnutritionhaveoverourbodies.Toomuchofit,ortoomuchofonlyonekindofit,canleadtoobesity,deficienciesordiet-relateddiseases.

?____20____

Bytreatingeachmealwithpride,werespectthefarmerswhoproducedit,andtheresourcesthatwentintoit.Respectcanbepassedon.Talktothepeoplearoundandtothenextgenerationaboutmakinginformed,healthyandsustainablefoodchoices.

Respectingfoodmeansappreciatingtheback-storyoffood.Whenweknowthefullpicture,itiseasiertoseewhatourfoodreallystandsforandhowpreciousitreallyis.

A.Haveaconversation.

B.Learnwherefoodcomesfrom.

C.Ourbodiesconsumecaloriesandnutrients.

D.Formanypeopleontheplanet,foodisgiving.

E.Foodissomuchmorethanwhatisonourplates.

F.Onethirdofallfoodproducedgloballyislostorwasted.

G.Withoutthem,wewouldn’thavethefreshfoodweneedonadailybasis.

第四部分完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

“NewRecruitsWanted.”Thissigncaughtmyeyeandrevived(重新喚起）thedreamIhadsincemychildhood.But,justasquickly,I___21___myselfthatIwasgettingclosetosixty.___22___forawhile,Ifinallyenteredthehallandfilledoutanapplication.

Mydreamofbecominga(n)___23___beganwhenIwatchedthetelevisionshowRescue8,filmedwiththecooperationoftheLosAngelesFireDepartment___24___,acareerinconstructionandafamilytoraisegotinthewayofworkingforthelocalfiredepartment.Now,inanticipationof___25___,mywifeandIhadjustrelocatedtoabeautifulvillagenearSeattle.Ihadtimetogive.

Tomy___26___,Iwasacceptedfortraining.Yes,Iwastheoldestrecruit,anditwassotoughthatIwasreadyto___27___oneday.WhenIgothomefrom___28___thatday,afriendcameover.IwasabouttosayIcouldn'tdoitanymorewhenhepassedmeabeautifully-illustratedbookoffirefightersin___29___,withapersonalizedmessageofinspiration,___30___metofollowmydream.AsIlookedthroughthepages,Ifeltamazedatthecourageand___31___ofthesebraveindividuals.ItgavemethestrengthIneededto___32___.

Overthenextfewweeks,thetrainingcontinuedtobe___33___,butIneverlostfocusagain.Ilosttwentypounds,but___34___Iwascertificatedasafirefighter.AndnowIcandrivethebigredtrucksandservemycommunity.Whenmostofmyfriendsareretiring,I'mstartinganewcareerIlove.AndIknowthatyou'renevertoooldtotakeonnew___35___;nevertoooldtofollowyourdreams.

21.A.comforted B.convinced C.reminded D.warned

22.A.Preparing B.Looking C.Waiting D.Hesitating

23.A.athlete B.soldier C.firefighter D.policeman

24.A.Unfortunately B.Undoubtedly C.Thankfully D.Hopefully

25.A.graduation B.retirement C.promotion D.registration

26.A.disappointment B.relief C.puzzlement D.delight

27.A.holdout B.dropout C.makeout D.workout

28.A.trial B.work C.practice D.exercise

29.A.action B.order C.charge D.demand

30.A.allowing B.requiring C.persuading D.encouraging

31.A.ambition B.devotion C.industry D.intelligence

32.A.standout B.catchup C.carryon D.takeoff

33.A.intense B.competitive C.complicated D.rewarding

34.A.instantly B.unexpectedly C.eventually D.surprisingly

35.A.ideas B.positions C.tasks D.challenges

第五部分語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

Notonlydoesworkbenefituspersonally,italsocontributestothehealthofsociety.At_____36_____mostbasiclevel,differenttypesofjobsarelikegearsinamachine.Theyworktoensurethatthemachinewecall“society”_____37_____(function)properly.Inasuccessful,stableand_____38_____(produce)society,alljobsareequallyimportantandnooneissuperiortoanother,soweshouldnothaveprejudice_____39_____anyofthem._____40_____wearescientists,lawyers,doctors,publicservants,_____41_____(consult),clerks,receptionistsorbutchers,weallmakeourrespectivecontributions.Moreover,therearepeople_____42_____choosetostepoutoftheircomfortzoneandcommitthemselvestoworkingforthebenefitofothers.Forexample,teachersinremoteruralareasaredevotedto_____43_____(change)thelivesofthepeoplewith_____44_____(few)accesstotheadvantagesenjoyedbymanyothers.Inthisway,wework______45______(advance)ourcommunitiesandbringsuccesstoournation.

第六部分書面表達（滿分15分）

46.假設你校英語社團舉辦以“漢語熱”為主題的征文活動，請你以“Chinese:alanguageforlife”為題，寫一篇英語短文。內(nèi)容包括：

1.介紹“漢語熱”這一現(xiàn)象；

2.分析“漢語熱”的原因；

3.預測“漢語熱”的未來。

注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。

Chinese:alanguageforlife

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

第七部分讀后續(xù)寫（滿分25分）

47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Itwaslunchtime,Jerry,David,Tom,andIwenttothedininghalltohavelunch.Iglancedacrossthebusycafeteriaandsawthenewstudent,Jack.Hewasholdinghisplateandwaitinginlines.

Davidnoticedhimtoo.“Why’sthenewkiddressedliketheheadmaster?”heasked.TomandJimmylaughed.

“Jack’scool.He’sinmyEnglishandhistoryclasses,”Isaid.However,IkeptthetruththatJackandIhadbecomefriendswhenweworkedonaprojecttogether.WediscoveredthatwewerebothenthusiasticreaderssomethingIwouldneveradmittoJerry,David,Tom.

IsawthatJackwaswalkingtowardus.“Don’tdoit,”Ithought,butinsecondshewasatourtable.Myfriendsraisedtheireyebrows.Jerry,David,Tompiledtheirbackpacksonthetableandchairssothattherewasnospaceleftforanotherpersontositdown.Davidsaid.“Idon’tthinkwehaveroom.”

Thisawkwardsituationfrozetheair.IcouldfeelJacklookingatme,butIstaredatmylunchasifitcontainedpreciouspearlsofwisdominsteadofriceandbeans.Afteralong,uncomfortablepause,Jackleft.Ishouldhavespokenupforhim,butIcouldn’twalkawayfrommythreefriends,couldI?

Jackdidn’tspeaktomeafterthatmeeting.Hewassoonhangingaroundwithanothergroupofkids.Afewmonthslater,IsawanannouncementaboutJackbeingchosentobepresidentoftheschoolbookclub.IwashappyforJack’sachievements,butIrealizedIhadmadeabigmistakewhenIsaidnothingatthelunchtablethatday.WhywasIsoafraidthatmyfriendsmightfindoutthatIliketoread?

AsIstaredattheannouncement.IknewIneededtoapologizetoJack—evenifhedidnotwanttobecomemyfriendagain.Ithoughtthatmythreefriendswouldnotagree.IalsothoughtthatIriskedlosingthemaswell.However,IknewthatIwouldlosemyselfifIdidnothing.

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。

Asthedismissalbellrang,Igatheredupmybooks,tookadeepbreath,andwenttofindJack.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Jacknodded,andthenmentionedmythreeMends.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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【答案】1-5AACAC6-10ABACB11-15CACAC16-20BBCAB

【答案】1.C2.B3.B

【解析】本文是一篇應用文。文章以MyfavouriteBooks為題，介紹了作家CatherineChung最喜歡的四本書籍。

1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“ShemademajorcontributionstothefieldandbecamethefirstwomaninRussiatoobtainadoctorateinmathematics.(她在這一領域做出了重大貢獻，成為俄羅斯第一位獲得數(shù)學博士學位的女性)”可知，TooMuchHappiness是關于一位俄羅斯女數(shù)學家先驅(qū)的。故選C。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)StoriesofYourLifeandOthersbyTedChiang部分中“Thiscollectioncontainsseveralmathsstories.(這本合集里有幾個數(shù)學故事。)”；TheHousekeeperandtheProfessorbyYokoOgawa部分中“It’saboutawomanwhocomestoworkforaonce-greatmathematician.(故事講的是一個女人，她為一位曾經(jīng)偉大的數(shù)學家工作)”；TooMuchHappinessbyAliceMunro部分中“Kovalevskayawasa19th-centurymathematician(科瓦列夫斯卡婭是一名19世紀的數(shù)學家)”以及TheOreMiner'sWifebyKarlIagnemma部分中“Itisaboutaminerwhothinkshe'sdiscoveredtheprooftotheproblem:constructasquare,equalinareatoagivencircle.(它是關于一個礦工的，他認為自己發(fā)現(xiàn)了問題的證明：構(gòu)造一個正方形，面積等于一個給定的圓)”可知，列出的書籍具有的共同點是它們都包括數(shù)學。故選B。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“It’saboutawomanwhocomestoworkforaonce-greatmathematician.Duetoabraininjury,hehasonly80minutesofshort-termmemoryavailabletohimbeforeheforgetseverything.(故事講的是一個女人，她為一位曾經(jīng)偉大的數(shù)學家工作。由于腦損傷，他只有80分鐘的短期記憶，然后就會忘記一切)”可知，小川洋子書中的數(shù)學家在記憶方面有問題。故選B。

【答案】4.C5.A6.A7.C

【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了女孩Tufa為幫助父親教學幾近消亡的奧羅莫語而自行制訂和印刷教材，并通過眾籌等方式讓這些教材能被更多人使用的故事。

1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“ButwhenDadwasteachingusOromo,therewerenotextbooksorlearningmaterialsatall.Andthatstruckmeasreallystrange.”(但當爸爸教我們奧羅莫語時，根本沒有教科書或?qū)W習材料。這讓我覺得很奇怪。)可知，Tufa對學習奧羅莫語時缺乏學習資料感到奇怪。故選C。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“ButasTufagotolderandbegandoingherownresearch,shediscoveredwhyspeakingaboutOromowassopainfulforherfather.”(但隨著Tufa長大并開始自己的研究，她發(fā)現(xiàn)了為什么說起奧羅莫會讓她的父親如此痛苦。)可知，第三段是為了解釋原因。故選A。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“ShelaunchedacrowdfundingcampaignsoshecouldprintmoreOromolearningmaterials.”(她發(fā)起了一項眾籌活動，這樣她就可以印刷更多的奧羅莫語學習材料。)可知，Tufa通過眾籌滿足對奧羅莫語學習材料不斷增長的需求。故選A。

4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“TufagrewupinAustralia,soshecouldn'tunderstandwhyherfatherinsistedonteachingherOromo,alanguagespokeninEthiopia.”(Tufa在澳大利亞長大，所以她不明白為什么她的父親堅持教她奧羅莫語，一種埃塞俄比亞人說的語言。)可知，文章前兩段是講Tufa的父親堅持教她奧羅莫語，這讓她無法理解。根據(jù)第三段第一句“ButasTufagotolderandbegandoingherownresearch,shediscoveredwhyspeakingaboutOromowassopainfulforherfather.”(但隨著Tufa長大并開始自己的研究，她發(fā)現(xiàn)了為什么說起奧羅莫會讓她的父親如此痛苦。)可知，第三段講述了背后的原因，表明因為國家領土被占領，奧羅莫語被禁止，幾近消亡。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句“Asshehelpedtoteachthestudents,Tufarealisedtheteachingresourceswereawful.Shedecidedtocreatepostersandworksheetsforherfather'sstudents,usingherownmoneytogetthemprinted.”(當她幫助教學生時，Tufa意識到教學資源很糟糕。她決定為她父親的學生制作海報和活頁練習題，用自己的錢印刷。)可知，Tufa為了幫助學生學習奧羅莫語，自己制訂并印刷了教學材料。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“TufarealisedthatiftherewasademandforOromochildeducationmaterialsinAustralia,theremustbeothercommunitiesaroundtheworldwhereresourceswerealsoneeded.”(Tufa意識到，如果澳大利亞對奧羅莫兒童教育材料有需求，那么世界上一定有其他社區(qū)也需要這些資源。)和第六段第一句“ShelaunchedacrowdfundingcampaignsoshecouldprintmoreOromolearningmaterials.”(她發(fā)起了一項眾籌活動，這樣她就可以印刷更多的奧羅莫學習材料。)可知，為了滿足更多的需求，Tufa發(fā)起了一項眾籌活動來印刷更多的奧羅莫學習材料。根據(jù)第六段最后兩句“HerresourceshavealsofoundtheirwaytoEthiopia,withpeoplesendingcopiestofamilymemberswhostilllivethere.Thisyear,sheplanstolaunchanonlinestoreforherpublishingcompany.”(她的資源也傳到了埃塞俄比亞，人們把印刷本寄給仍住在那里的家人。今年，她計劃為自己的出版公司開設一個網(wǎng)上商店。)可知，此處是講Tufa的奧羅莫學習材料的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀良好，日益壯大。所以這篇文章主要是講女孩Tufa通過努力幫助奧羅莫語重獲新生。故選C。

【答案】8.B9.A10.A11.C

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了西班牙科學家最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個“反皮諾曹效應”：人們在撒謊的時候，鼻子不是變長，而是變小。

1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句中“Onehastothinkinordertolie,whichraisesthetemperatureoftheforehead.”（一個人必須思考才能撒謊，這會提高額頭的溫度。）可知，被試在測試中額頭溫度升高是因為他們在仔細思考。故選B項。

2.推理判斷題。匹諾曹的故事里，匹諾曹撒謊時，鼻子會變長，但是根據(jù)第一段“Pinocchiomaybejustachildren’sstory,butSpanishscientistsattheUniversityofGranadarecentlyinvestigatedtheso-called‘Pinocchioeffect’andfoundthatournosesdon’tgrowlongerwhenwetellalie,butactuallygetalittlebitsmaller.”（匹諾曹興許只是兒童故事，但是格拉納達大學的西班牙科學家最近研究了所謂的“匹諾曹效應”，發(fā)現(xiàn)我們說謊時鼻子不會長，但實際上會縮小一點。）可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)撒謊時鼻子會縮小，與匹諾曹的故事相反，說明“反匹諾曹效應”指的是說謊時鼻子會縮小。故選A項。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“‘Withthismethodwehaveincreasedaccuracyandreducethechancesof‘falsepositives’,somethingthatisfrequentwithothermethods,’saidDr.GómezMilán,whoaddedthatpolicecouldonedaycombineotherliedetectiontechnologywiththeirtechnologytoachievebetterresults”（戈麥斯·米蘭博士說：“我們用這種方法提高了測謊準確率，降低了誤報的發(fā)生率，而其他方法經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)誤報?！彼€說，警察可能有一天能夠把熱成像技術和其他測謊技術結(jié)合起來以達到更準確的結(jié)果。）可知，如果警察日后能夠?qū)岢上窦夹g和其他測謊技術結(jié)合起來，那么就會有更好的結(jié)果，說明熱成像測謊儀也許能夠幫助警察。故選A項。

4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段“Pinocchiomaybejustachildren’sstory,butSpanishscientistsattheUniversityofGranadarecentlyinvestigatedtheso-called‘Pinocchioeffect’andfoundthatournosesdon’tgrowlongerwhenwetellalie,butactuallygetalittlebitsmaller.”（匹諾曹興許只是兒童故事，但是格拉納達大學的西班牙科學家最近研究了所謂的“匹諾曹效應”，發(fā)現(xiàn)我們說謊時鼻子不會長，但實際上會縮小一點。）可知，文章由匹諾曹為切入點，介紹了一個研究，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人在撒謊時鼻尖溫度會降低，這會導致鼻子稍微變小——這就是“反匹諾曹效應”。所以C項“撒謊會讓你的鼻子變長嗎？”最適合作為本文標題。故選C項。

【答案】12.A13.D14.D15.A

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們拖延與設定截止日期的時間長短有關。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ProfessorStephenKnowlestestedtheeffectofdeadlinelengthontaskcompletionfortheirresearch.(StephenKnowles教授在他們的研究中測試了截止日期長度對任務完成的影響)”可推知，StephenKnowles教授做這項研究是為了研究設定截止日期對拖延這一行為的影響。故選A。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Nodeadlineandtheone-weekdeadlineledtomany