中國(guó)茶文化,中英雙文

ChineseTeaSomeusefulwordsandpatterns1.legend:傳說(shuō)，傳奇2.pronunciation：發(fā)音3.classic：經(jīng)典4.dialect：方言5.character：方塊字，漢字6.legendhasitthatShenNong…wassavedwhenhehappenedtotrysometealeaves.傳說(shuō)中神農(nóng)在偶然咀嚼了茶葉之后就得救了。7.“TeaClassic〞iswidelyrecognizedastheworld’sfirstscientificworkontea.?茶經(jīng)?被廣泛公認(rèn)為世界上第一部有關(guān)茶的科學(xué)著作AbriefintroductionofChineseTeaCultureAsisknowntoall,Chinaisthebirthplaceoftea.Afterthousandsofyears’developing,Chineseteaculturehasformedacompletesysterm,inwhichthehistoryoftea,elementsofteaculture,theteaism(Chadao),customsaboutteaandotheraspectsareincluded.Chineseteacultureismorethanwhatitsoundslike.Itisacombinationofteaartandspirit.Peopleexpessthespiritthroughtheperfomanceofteaart.Ithasprofoundculturalconnotation,whichreferstosomephilosophicalsignificances.

眾所周知,中國(guó)茶葉的發(fā)源地。在幾千年的開展,中國(guó)茶文化形成一個(gè)完整體系:茶的歷史,茶的文化元素,茶道、茶俗以及其他一些方面均包括在內(nèi),中國(guó)茶文化遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止外表上聽起來(lái)的那樣。這是一個(gè)茶藝和精神的結(jié)合體,人們通過(guò)茶藝表演表達(dá)相關(guān)的精神。它具有深刻的文化內(nèi)涵,甚至哲學(xué)意義。

ChineseTeaCulture1.TheHistoryofTeaDrinking1.1TheOriginofTeaDrinking“茶之為飲，發(fā)乎神農(nóng)氏。〞—?茶經(jīng)?“TeaasabeverageoriginatedwithShennong.〞—TheClassicofTea“神農(nóng)嘗百草，日遇七十二毒，得荼而解之〞—?神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)?"Shennongtastedhundredsofherbs;heencounteredseventytwopoisonsdailyandusedteaasanantidote."1.2LuYu&TeaClassicsLuYuoftheTangDynastyisrespectedastheSageofTea(茶圣)forhiscontributiontoChineseteaculture.HeisbestknownforhisbooktheClassicofTea(茶經(jīng)),whichisthefirstmonographoncultivating,makinganddrinkingteaintheworld.

陸羽，唐朝人，因其對(duì)中國(guó)茶文化的奉獻(xiàn)被尊稱為“茶圣〞。?茶經(jīng)?是他的經(jīng)典作這是世界上第一部專門關(guān)于種植、制作和飲茶的著作。1.3TheOriginoftheWord“茶〞字的來(lái)源“其字：或從草，或從木，或草木並。〞“其名：一曰茶，二曰檟，三曰蔎，四曰茗，五曰荈。〞--?茶經(jīng)?卷上,一之源--"tu"(荼)inClassicofPoetry?詩(shī)經(jīng)?.--'jia'(檟)inErYa?爾雅?:〞槚,苦荼。〞--’tu’(荼)wasfurtherannotatedbyaJinscholar,GuoPu〔郭璞〕:“樹小如梔子,冬生,葉可煮羹飲,今呼早取為荼,晚取為茗,蜀人名之苦荼。〞--DuringtheHanDynasty,theword“荼〞tookonanewpronunciation,'cha',inadditiontoitsoldpronunciation'tu'.--Thecharacter'荼'wasfinallysimplifiedto'茶'inLuYu'stheClassicofTea.2.CategoriesofTeaGreenTeaYellowTeaWhiteTea

OolongTeaDarkTeaBlackTea綠茶greentea紅茶blacktealowThedegreeoffermentationChineseteacanbeclassifiedindifferentways.Inthissection,wewillintroducethebasicclassificationsystemofChineseteatoyou,whichisbasedonthedegreeoffermentation(發(fā)酵程度〕ofthetea.Accordingtothesystem,Chineseteascanberoughlyclassifiedintosixspecies:中國(guó)茶可根據(jù)不同方式來(lái)分類?；诎l(fā)酵(發(fā)酵程度)的不同，中國(guó)茶大致可以分為六種:high黃茶yellowtea白茶whitetea黑茶

SomefamousteainChina(1)西湖龍井茶WestLakelongjingtea綠茶greentea;中國(guó)十大名茶之一oneofthetoptenchinesetea,30多個(gè)品牌morethan30brands;中國(guó)政府機(jī)構(gòu)每年都購(gòu)置超過(guò)100kgs的茶葉thecentralgovernmentofchinabuymorethan100kgseveryyear;(2)洞庭碧螺春茶Dongtingbiluochuntea綠茶greentea;中國(guó)十大名茶之一oneofthetoptenchinesetea;一個(gè)勤勞，善良的孤女，名叫碧螺;ahard-working,kind-heartedorphangirl,namedbiluo;1954年，周總理出席日內(nèi)瓦會(huì)議，攜帶2公斤;in1954,premierZhouattendtheGenevameeting,taking2kgs;(3)黃山毛峰茶Huangshanmaofengtea中國(guó)十大名茶之一oneofthetoptenchinesetea;鮮葉采自黃山頂峰thefreshleavescollectedfromthepeakofhuangshan;(4)六安瓜片茶Liuanguapiantea綠茶Greentea;安徽省六安縣Anhuiprovince;片茶piecetea;(5)廬山云霧茶Lusanyunwutea;(6)信陽(yáng)毛尖茶Xinyangmaojiantea;(7)鐵觀音茶Tieguanyintea;(8)武夷巖茶Wuyirocktea;⑤④①②③⑥1，Yixingteapot(宜興紫砂壺),2，teacups(茶杯):aromacup(聞香杯);drinkingcup〔品茶杯〕3，teatray(茶盤/茶船),4，teatool(茶道器)：teashuffle(茶荷)、teafunnel(茶斗)、tong(茶夾)、teadigger(茶扒)、teaneedle(茶針),etc.,5，tea(茶葉)e.g.oolongtea.6，faircup(公正杯/茶海),7，strainer(茶漏)--Whatgadgetsareneeded?⑦3.ABriefIntroductionofTeaSets茶具簡(jiǎn)介Theword“Teaset〞firstappearedintheHanDynasty.始于漢“Teaset〞oftenappearsintheTangpoems.盛于唐ThedevelopmentofTeaSetsresultedfromthedevelopmentofthemeansofmakingtea.茶具的開展源于泡茶方式的開展AllKindsofTeaSetsTeacupSeventhingsChazhanTeapot

SaucerTeatrayAfullsetNote:“seventhings〞consistofChaze,Bige,teaspoon,teanet,teaclampandteaneedle.ClassificationsPorcelainTeaSets〔瓷器茶具〕PurpleSandTeaSets〔紫砂茶具〕Celadon〔青瓷〕teaset

Whitetea

setMuyuStoneTeaSets〔木魚石茶具〕Lacquerware〔漆器〕TeaSetsBambooTeaSetsEnamel〔琺瑯〕TeaSetsGlassTeaSetsMetalTeaSets4.MakingTeaHeatingcups.(溫具〕Settingtea.〔置茶〕Washingtea.〔洗茶〕Makingtea.〔沖泡〕Drinkingandenjoyingthetea.〔品茶〕5.ChineseteaismThechadaointegratesthephilosophy,ethics,themoralsintheteamatteractivity.Drinkingteacanhelppeoplemoldthecharacter,cultivatethemorality,tastethelifeandgraspthetruth,andachieveinthespiritualenjoyment. 茶道融哲學(xué)、倫理、道德于茶事活動(dòng)中。喝茶可以幫助人們塑造性格,培養(yǎng)道德,品味生活,把握真理,到達(dá)精神上的享受?！癏e〞ThecorephilosophyofChinesechadao.“和〞是中國(guó)茶道的核心理念“Calm〞ThekeytoachievinginChinesechadao.靜〞中國(guó)茶道修習(xí)的必由之徑“Joy〞TheenjoymentofChineseteamakers.“怡〞中國(guó)茶道中茶人的身心享受“Real〞TheultimatepursuesofChinesechadao.“真〞中國(guó)茶道的終極追求茶道6.TeainLiteratureandArt?次韻曹輔寄壑源試焙新芽?

[宋]蘇軾

仙山靈雨濕行云，洗遍香肌粉未勻。

明月來(lái)投玉川子，清風(fēng)吹破武林春。

要知玉雪心腸好，不是膏油首面新。

戲作小詩(shī)君一笑，從來(lái)佳茗似佳人。

“PlaytheGuqinandSavortheTea〞PaintedbyZhouFang,TangDynasty?調(diào)琴啜茗圖卷?〔局部〕[唐]周昉“EntertainmentinPalace〞Paintedbyunkownpainter,TangDynasty?宮樂(lè)圖?(會(huì)茗圖)[唐]作者不詳

“TheNightRevelsofHanXizai〞PaintedbyGuHongzhong,FiveDynasties?韓熙載夜宴圖?[五代]顧閎中“PartyforScholars〞PaintedbyZhaoJi,NorthernSongDynasty?文會(huì)圖?[北宋]趙佶

TeainChineseClassicalPoetry?茶?

[唐]元稹

茶。

香葉，嫩芽。

慕詩(shī)客，愛僧家。

碾雕白玉，羅織紅紗。

銚煎黃蕊色，碗轉(zhuǎn)曲塵花。

夜后邀陪明月，晨前命對(duì)朝霞。

洗盡古今人不倦，將如醉前豈堪夸。TheportraitofYuanZhenTheportraitofSuShi?次韻曹輔寄壑源試焙新芽?

[宋]蘇軾

仙山靈雨濕行云，洗遍香肌粉未勻。

明月來(lái)投玉川子，清風(fēng)吹破武林春。

要知玉雪心腸好，不是膏油首面新。

戲作小詩(shī)君一笑，從來(lái)佳茗似佳人。

Famousline:Imakeapoematwilljustforyoursmile,Ithasalwaysbeenthatniceteaislikebeauty.[戲作小詩(shī)君一笑，從來(lái)佳茗似佳人。]HandwritingwrittenbySuShi?汲江煎茶?

[宋]蘇軾

活水還須活火烹，自臨釣石汲深清。

大瓢貯月歸春甕，小杓分江入夜瓶。

雪乳已翻煎處腳，松風(fēng)忽作瀉時(shí)聲。

枯腸未易禁三碗，臥聽山城長(zhǎng)短更。

“GetWaterFromRivertoBoilTea〞WrittenbySuShi,SongDynastySinceit’sbettertouseflowingwatertoboilteawithstrongfire,Igotothefishingstonepersonallytogetwaterfromthecleananddeepriver.Havinggotwaterincludingthereflectionofmoonwithabigdipperandthenfulfilledatank,Icarefullyscoopthewaterwithasmalldipperintoaceramicbottleusedforboilingtea.Withwaterboiling,thewhite“teamilk〞(foam)isflippingwiththeleaves.WhenIpourthetea,thesoundisjustlikeawindblowingthroughpinewood.I’mafraidthreecupsofteamaynotbeenoughtostimulatethoughts,sowhatIcanonlydoistolietoheartimereportsinthismountaincityafterdrinkingtea.DigestofSomeFamouslines〔品味佳句〕半壁山房待明月，一盞清茗酬知音?！鸚aitforthegloriousmooninathatchedcottageandserveacupofniceteatoentertainmyfriends.—Writtenbyunkownwriter休對(duì)故人思故國(guó)，且將新火試新茶。詩(shī)酒趁年華。—[宋]蘇軾?望江南?Don’ttellyourhomesicktoyouroldfriendsbuttestthenewteaonnewfire.Takeadvantageofyoungtoenjoylife.—WrittenbySuShi,SongDynasty酒闌更喜團(tuán)茶苦，夢(mèng)斷偏宜瑞腦香?！猍宋]李清照?鷓鴣天?Ienjoythebittertasteofcollegeteawhendrunkandthesweetsmellofambergriswhendreamsbrokedown.—WrittenbyLiQingzhao,SongDynasty寒泉自換菖蒲水，活火閑煎橄欖茶。—[宋]陸游?夏初湖村雜題?Coldspringchangescalamuswaterbyitselfwhilemildfireboilsolivetealeisurely.—WrittenbyLuYou,SongDynasty

Summary:

中國(guó)人飲茶，注重一個(gè)"品"字。"品茶"不但是鑒別茶的優(yōu)劣，也帶有神思遐想和領(lǐng)略飲茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壺濃茶，擇雅靜之處，自斟自飲，可以消除疲勞、滌煩益思、振奮精神，也可以細(xì)啜慢飲，到達(dá)美的享受，使精神世界升華到高尚的藝術(shù)境界。品茶的環(huán)境一般由建筑物、園林、擺設(shè)、茶具等因素組成。飲茶要求安靜、清新、舒適、干凈。中國(guó)園林世界聞名，山水風(fēng)景更是不可勝數(shù)。利用園林或自然山水間，搭設(shè)茶室，讓人們小憩，意趣盎然。TheChinesepeople,intheirdrinkingoftea,placemuchsignificanceontheactof"savoring.""Savoringtea"isnotonlyawaytodiscerngoodteafrommediocretea,buta