世紀(jì)大學(xué)實(shí)用英語

21世紀(jì)大學(xué)實(shí)用英語

綜合教程(第四冊)21世紀(jì)大學(xué)實(shí)用英語Unit3

TheNewFrontierofBeautyTextATheNewFrontierofBeauty

Starter

BackgroundInformation

Text

Understanding

LanguagePoints

Exercises

Writing

classicalcountrypopjazzgospelrockraphip-popNewAgeother

.StarterWhichofthefollowingkindsofmusicdoyoulikebest?Whoareyourfavoritemusicians?

JeromeWeidmanwasaNewYorknovelistandplaywright,andAlbertEinsteinwasaworld-famousscientist.Guesswhatkindofmusictheyliked,andthenfindtheanswerinTextABackgroundInformationJohannSebastianBach(1685-1750)AlbertEinstein(1879-1955)RockandRollGospelJazzclassicalcountrypoprapNewAgehip-popclassicalmusicisthenameforEuropeanmusicfromthelateeighteenthandearlynineteenthcenturies.

1.廣義的古典音樂是指西洋古典音樂，那些從西方中世紀(jì)開始至今的、在歐洲主流文化背景下創(chuàng)作的音樂，主要因其復(fù)雜多樣的創(chuàng)作技術(shù)和所能承載的厚重內(nèi)涵而有別于通俗音樂和民間音樂。

2.狹義的古典音樂是指古典主義音樂，是1750－1820年這一段時間的歐洲主流音樂，又稱維也納古典樂派。此樂派三位最著名的作曲家是海頓、莫扎特和貝多芬。

CLASSICALMUSIC鄉(xiāng)村音樂（CountryMusic）出現(xiàn)于20世紀(jì)20年代，它來源于美國南方農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)的民間音樂，最早受到英國傳統(tǒng)民謠的影響而發(fā)展起來。最早的鄉(xiāng)村音樂是傳統(tǒng)的山區(qū)音樂（HillbillyMusic），它的曲調(diào)簡單、節(jié)奏平穩(wěn)，帶有敘述性，與城市里的傷感流行歌曲不同的是，它帶有較濃的鄉(xiāng)土氣息。山區(qū)音樂的歌詞主要以家鄉(xiāng)、失戀、流浪、宗教信仰為題材，演唱通常以獨(dú)唱為主，有時也加入伴唱，伴奏樂器以提琴、班卓琴、吉他等（50年代中期以前，傳統(tǒng)的鄉(xiāng)村音樂樂隊(duì)里沒有鼓）為代表。演出場所主要在家里、教堂和鄉(xiāng)村集市，有時也參加地區(qū)性巡回演出。它與大城市的文化生活相隔離，一直處于自我封閉狀態(tài)。

Country

MusicCountryMusicorCountry-and-WesternMusic,isAmericanpopularmusic,是指流行音樂

二戰(zhàn)過后大部分的音樂是流行歌曲，包括爵士樂，嘻哈音樂，搖滾樂，藍(lán)調(diào)音樂，自然派音樂，繞舌音樂，輕音樂等。

源于80年代中期，是流行音樂和舞曲節(jié)奏相融合的一種舞曲形式。當(dāng)前一些有別于經(jīng)典曲風(fēng)的舞曲,以及較難區(qū)分的舞曲多可列入POP舞曲的范疇中來。

popmusicHIP-HOP

Hip－Hop是文化名詞，包括說唱、涂鴉、街舞、街球、B-Boy和DJ等等；

說唱起源于60年代，而作為音樂理解的Hip－Hop則起源于70年代初，它的前身是RAP

Hip－Hop從字面上來看，Hip是臀部，Hop是單腳跳，加在一起就是輕扭擺臀，原先指的是雛形階段的街舞(也就是我們以前說的霹靂舞)，后來才逐漸發(fā)展成一種巨大的概念——我們現(xiàn)在說的Hip－Hop文化還包括了那些寬大的衣服、沉甸甸的純金飾品、平時說起話來就“YoYowhat’sup？”的口語習(xí)慣——總之就是那種美國貧民街區(qū)里黑人的生活方式以及他們的“范兒”。

Hip－Hop的起源用一個“窮”字即可概括。為什么要穿大一號的衣服？除了方便運(yùn)動之外，黑人家庭多是人數(shù)眾多而收入甚少，所以哥哥穿小了的衣服就會給弟弟穿，這才形成了巨大衣服的風(fēng)格；為什么會有涂鴉？這東西最早是街區(qū)內(nèi)各個幫派之間劃分勢力范圍的標(biāo)志，后來才越來越漂亮精致，發(fā)展成了民間藝術(shù)；為什么會有街舞？因?yàn)樗麄儧]錢去舞廳，而且當(dāng)時種族歧視問題依然存在，有錢也不一定能在白人的舞廳里玩兒得高興；為什么純正的Hip－Hop作品以黑色為主且必帶粗口？因?yàn)檫@幫街頭黑人青年沒前途沒希望，他們憎恨的比他們愛的要多得多。

說唱（Rap）是一個黑人俚語中的詞語，相當(dāng)于“談話”（talking），產(chǎn)自紐約貧困黑人聚居區(qū)。它以在機(jī)械的節(jié)奏聲的背景下，快速地訴說一連串押韻的詩句為特征。RapJazz

JazzisakindofmusicthathasoftenbeencalledtheonlyartformtooriginateintheUnitedStates.

爵士樂(Jazz)以其極具動感的切分節(jié)奏、個性十足的爵士音階和不失章法的即興演奏(或演唱)贏得了廣大聽眾的喜愛,同時也得到了音樂領(lǐng)域各界人士的認(rèn)可。Rock&Roll（搖滾）

從最純粹的形式來講，所謂搖滾，就是三和弦加強(qiáng)硬持續(xù)的鼓點(diǎn)加上口的旋律。早期搖滾的音樂來源非常廣泛，主要的包括布魯斯、R&B、和鄉(xiāng)村音樂，其它還有福音音樂、傳統(tǒng)的流行樂、爵士、以及民間音樂。所有的這些影響加在一起構(gòu)成了一種簡單的以布魯斯為基礎(chǔ)的歌曲結(jié)構(gòu)，它是快速的、適于跳舞的、而且容易讓人記住的GospelInmusic,gospelreferstoastyleofreligiousmusicoriginallyperformedbyAfricanAmericans.福音音樂

由耶穌及使徒布講的訓(xùn)言，這是基督教《啟示錄》的中心內(nèi)容

NewAge

被翻譯為新世紀(jì)音樂，也被翻譯成新紀(jì)元音樂，是種寧靜、安逸、閑息的音樂，純音樂作品占的比重較多，有歌唱的占較少。NewAge可以是純ACOUSTIC(即以傳統(tǒng)自發(fā)聲樂器演奏)的，也可以是很電子化的，重點(diǎn)是營造出大自然平靜的氣氛或宇宙浩瀚的感覺，洗滌聽者的心靈，令人心平氣和。JohannSebastianBach(1685-1750)JohannSebastianBachwasanoutstandingorganistandcomposerofthebaroqueeraandisgenerallyregardedasoneofthegreatestandmostproductivecomposersofalltime.HeiscelebratedasthecreatoroftheBrandenburgConcertos,theWell-TemperedClavier,theMassinBMinor,andnumerousothermasterpiecesofchurchandinstrumentalmusic.AlbertEinstein(1879-1955)AlbertEinsteinwasaGermanbornphysicistofJewishdescent,wholivedintheUnitedStatesafterHitler’saccessiontopowerin1933.In1905Einsteinpublishedfourpapersthatheldrevolutionaryimplicationsforphysics.Amongthemwashisspecialtheoryofrelativity.In1915hepublishedhisgeneraltheoryofrelativity.HewontheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1921.ReadingAnalysisMainideaDetailsThewriterwastrappedintolisteningtochambermusicatadinnerhewasinvitedto.Part1(Para.1-2)ThewriterwasinvitedtodinnerbyadistinguishedNewYorkgentleman.Afterdiner,theguestswereentertainedwithchambermusic,butbeingtone-deaf,thewriterclosedhisearsandsubmergedhimselfinhisownthoughts..ReadingAnalysisMainideaDetailsPart2(Para.3-4)ThewriterrealizedthathewassittingnexttoAlbertEinstein.Whenthewriterfollowedothersandbegantoapplaud,someonesittingnexttohimaskedifhewasfondofBach.HerecognizedthatthepersonwasAlbertEinstein.ReadingAnalysisDetailsMainideaPart3(Para.5-8)Einsteinwasamazedthatthewriterhadheardvirtuallynobody’smusicanddecidedtodosomething.Thewritersaidhonestlythathehadneverreallyheardanybody’smusic.Amazedandwithalookofconcern,EinsteintookthewriterupstairsintoaBook-linedstudy.ReadingAnalysisPart4(Para.9-17)MainideaDetailsEinsteingavethewriteramusiclessonwithaBingCrosbyrecord.Einsteinaskedwhatkindofmusicthewriterdidlike,towhichthewriteranswered,“songsthathavewords”suchasBingCrosby.ThenEinsteinmanagedtofindaBingCrosbyrecord,playeditandmadethewritersingitback,provingthathedidhaveanearformusicafterall.ReadingAnalysisPart5(Para.18-20)MainideaDetailsEinsteindrewananalogybetweenlearningmusicandlearningmath:onemustbeginwiththebasics.Bysayingthatinafirstarithmeticlesson,theteacherwouldstartwithelementarythingsratherthanorderthebeginningstudenttoworkoutafractionproblem,Einsteinmadethepointthatlearningshouldbeginwiththebasicandelementaryfirstandthenproceedtothemoredifficult.ReadingAnalysisPart6(Para.21-25)MainideaDetailsEinsteinwentonwithhismusiclessonwiththewriteruntilhewasreadyforBach.Einsteinplayedanotherrecord,oneofJohnMcCormack,andaskedthewritertosingitback.Thenhewentontoadozenothersuntiltheycametorecordingswithoutwords.FinallythewriterwasreadytoappreciateBach.DetailsReadingAnalysisPart7(Para.26-30)MainideaAccordingtoEinstein,learningmusicisagreatactivitythatopensupyetanotherfragmentofthefrontierofbeauty.Whentheyreturnedtotheconcert,thewritercouldgenuinelyapplaudtheperformance.Whenaskedbythehostess,whattheyhadbeendoing,Einsteinansweredthattheyhadbeenengagedinthegreatestactivityofwhichhumansarecapable—openingupyetanotherfragmentofthefrontierofbeauty.1.dine:

vi.haveoreatdinner進(jìn)餐；用飯

e.g.Whereshallwedinetonight?

今晚我們在哪吃飯？

Alotofmoneywasspentonwininganddiningourclients.

許多錢都花在宴請我們的客戶上了。（wineanddine:吃喝，宴請）Languagepoints

distinguished:

a.showingremarkablequalities;eminent;famous;dignified;noble卓越的；杰出的；著名的；有尊嚴(yán)的；高貴的

e.g.ourdistinguished

guest

我們尊貴的客人

Adistinguished

actorstarredintheplay.

一位名演員在劇中扮演了主角。3.virtually:ad.Nearly;almostwholly差不多；幾乎全部；實(shí)際上e.g.It’svirtuallyimpossibletogetaticketfortheconcert.

想買到一張音樂會的票真是難上加難。Thelightistoodim.Icanseevirtuallynothing.光線太暗，我?guī)缀跏裁匆部床灰姟?.trap:

n.deviceforcatchinganimals,etc.;thingusedtocatchpeoplewhentheyarenotexpectingit

陷阱；圈套e.g.amousetrap

老鼠夾

ThetruthwasthatIfellintohistrap.

真相是我中了他的計(jì)。(2)vt.catch(ananimal,aperson,etc.)inatrap

設(shè)陷阱捕捉；使中圈套e.g.Severalpeopleweretrappedintheburningbuilding.

有幾個人被困在著火的大樓里。

Thehuntertrapsfoxesandsellstheirfur.

獵人誘捕狐貍，然后出售它們的毛皮。5.unplug:

vt.

拔去······的塞子；拔去······的電源插頭；拔去（插頭）e.g.Susanunpluggedthewashingmachinewhenshefinishedusingit.

用完洗衣機(jī)后蘇珊拔掉了它的電源插頭。

TheTVisn’tworkingbecauseit’sunplugged.

電視無法播放是因?yàn)闆]有插電源。6.befondof:haveagreatlookingfor(sb./doingsth.)喜愛；喜歡e.g.I’mfondoffishing.我喜歡釣魚。7.IknewasmuchaboutBachasIknowaboutnuclearphysics:IknewnothingaboutBach,justasIknownothingaboutnuclearphysics.我對巴赫就像對核物理一樣一無所知。這句話雖然是個肯定句，但根據(jù)上下文，他卻帶有否定的意思，不能按字面解釋為“我對巴赫就像對核物理的了解一樣多”。8.awkward:a.embarrassed;clumsy尷尬的；笨拙的e.g.Hefeltawkwardinhisnewpairofshoes.

穿上那雙新鞋他感覺很別扭。“Sorry,Itookyouforsomeoneelse.”Hegavemeanawkwardsmile.“對不起，我認(rèn)錯人了?！彼麑擂蔚貙ξ倚α诵?。9.Itisn’tthat…It’sjustthat…:It’snotbecause…It’sjustbecause…e.g.Itisn’tthatIdislikebasketball.It’sjustthatIdon’tknowhowtoplayit.

不是我不喜歡籃球，只是我不會玩。10.hasily:ad.Inahastyway匆忙地e.g.“I’llcallyoulater,”hesaidhastilyandhungup.“我等會兒再給你打，”他匆忙說完就把電話掛了。11.venture:vt.Daretosayorutter;beboldenoughtosay敢說；大膽表示e.g.AtlastIventuredthatthewholethingwasafailure.

最后我大膽地說這事是徹底的失敗。

Nobodyventuredtosayaword.

沒有人敢置一詞。12.tryingdesperatelytostayintune:tryingveryhardtosingatthecorrectpitch13.“Youdohaveaear!”:Youdohavetheabilitytoappreciateandrespondtomusic.

你確實(shí)能欣賞音樂的！ear在這里表示靈敏的聽力。又如：

ThislisteningexerciseisaimedatdevelopingyourearfortheBritishaccent.

這項(xiàng)聽力練習(xí)旨在培養(yǎng)你聽英國口音的能力。

Ihavenoearformusic.我沒有音樂欣賞能力。14.nonsense:n.foolishtalk;foolishunacceptablebehavior胡說，廢話；胡鬧e.g.Youaretalkingutternonsense.你在胡說八道。

Stopthatnonsense,children.別胡鬧了，孩子們。15.inpanic:insuddenfear驚恐地e.g.“What’sthat?”Alicestaredatthedarknessinpanic.“那是什么？”愛麗絲驚恐地盯著那一片黑暗說。

16.Icouldnotshakemyfeelingofaweoverthewaythisgreatman,intowhosecompanyIhadbeenthrownbychance,wascompletelyabsorbedbywhatweweredoing,asthoughIwerehissoleconcern:Icouldn’thelpfeelingoverwhelmedbyhowEinsteinthegreatman,withwhomIhappenedtobetogether,wasfullyoccupiedbywhatweweredoing,asifIweretheonlyonehecaredfor.

本句中，在thisgreatman

和wascompletelyabsorbed之間是一個插入的非限制性定語從句。17.reachfor:extendthehand,etc.inanefforttoget;aimfor伸出手等去拿??；努力爭取e.g.Weneednotbothertohopeforlowertaxesinthefuture---thatwouldbereachingforthemoon.

我們不必費(fèi)心去指望將來會減稅---那無疑是異想天開。18.cometoone’sfeet:standupquickly驀地起立e.g.Seeingthehostessapproaching,Iquicklycametomyfeettogreether.

看見女主人朝這邊走來，我迅速站起來跟她打招呼。19.beengagedin:bebusydoing(sth.),beoccupiedwith忙于；從事于e.g.He’sengagedinwritinganewnovel.

他正忙于寫一部新小說。

Wearenowengagedinalegalbattlewithanothercompany.

我們正跟另一家公司在打官司。20.openingupyetanotherfragmentofthefrontierofbeauty:makingafewmorediscoveriesinthekingdomofbeauty.21.openup:fromorcausetoappearbyorasifbycutting開掘，開辟e.g.Thelocalgovernmentisopeningupthisareaforanewtourismsite.

當(dāng)?shù)卣龑⑦@一地區(qū)開辟成一個新的旅游景點(diǎn)。

Einstein’snewtheoriesopenedupawholenewareaofstudy.

愛因斯坦的新理論開拓了一個全新的研究領(lǐng)域。

Vocabulary

Structure

TranslationExerciseFillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformswherenecessary.TextAExercises-5absorbapplaudconcertconcludedistinguishedevidentlyfavoritegenuineinstructinstrumentperformancevirtuallyVocabulary1.IusuallywatchtheViennaNewYear’sonTVtocelebratetheNewYear.2.Muchhasbeendiscussedabouttheproblembutnothinghasbeendone.3.Hekissedherhandandexpressedhisregretthatshewasill.4.Justaswecannotwithonehand,itisimpossibletoreachanagreementwithouttwohands.concertvirtually

genuineapplaud___________________________absorbapplaudconcertconcludedistinguishedevidentlyfavoritegenuineinstructinstrumentperformancevirtuallyYaoMing’sinthematchwasperfect—itwouldhavebeenimpossibletogiveabetterone.Withoutanunderstandingoftheirculture,aforeignerislikelytothatBritishpeoplearecoldandunfriendly.It’smyhonortowelcomeourguestfromtheUnitedStates.Thissmallisusedtomeasureairtemperatureandpressure.Thedoctormetotakethesepillstwiceaday.Takeamomenttoreadit,itandtrytofollowit—itismorealessoninlifethanalessoninbusiness.Fatherwasnotinterestedintheidea,orhewouldhavegivenhisDoyouhaveanycountryinAfricatovisit,andifso,why?.9.10.11.opinion.12.performance____________

conclude__________distinguished

____________instrument__________absorb______Evidently_________instructed__________favorite________Fillintheblankswiththeexpressionsgivenbelow.Changetheformswherenecessary.atlastbecapableofbeengagedinbefondofcometoone’sfeetgoontoinpanicreachforturnoffworkoutHespoketous,madegesturesanddrewpicturesonpaper.,weknewwhathewanted.Thefragile(脆弱的)agreementwouldnotensuringlong-termpeacebetweenthetwocountries.EvenasachildHenryreading,andallthesmallchangethatcameintohishandswasspentonbooks.Thebabycalfeventuallyandsuckled（吸奶）,fulloflife..Atlastbecapableofwasfondofcametoitsfeet__________________________________________atlastbecapableofbeengagedinbefondofcometoone’sfeetgoontoinpanicreachforturnoffworkoutIt’sasimplerule:yourmobilephonemustwhileflying.“Fire,fire,”peopleshoutedandstartedrunningaround.Onceyou’vecompletedlevelone,it’stimetothenextstep.Ifbothofyoucompromisealittle,I’msureyou’llasatisfactorysolution.Hesomuchhisbusinessthathehadlittletimeforhisfamily.Taylorisstrivingtoahighergoal,thatis,hewantstobepresidentoftheuniversity..9.10.beturnedoffinpanicgoontoworkoutwasengagedinreachfor___________________________________________________________Completetheanswerstothefollowingquestionsbyusing“do”foremphasis.StructureModel:—HowcanIunderstandBachsinceI’mtone-deaf?—Butyoudohaveanear!1.—Didtheteachersaythattheexamwascanceled?—Yes,shedidsaythat_______________2.—WasitadreamthatyousawtwopeoplefromMars(火星)yesterday?—No,Ididseethemyesterday______________________3.—Doyoureallymeantoquitsuchaprofitablejob?—Believeme,Idomeantoquitthejob______________________4.—Whatkindofmusicdoyoulikebest,poporcountry?—Idon’tlikecountrymusicverymuch,butIdolikepopmusicalot____________________Toshowemphasis,inserttheword“very”intotheproperplaceineachsentencebelow.Model:Suppose,atyourfirstcontactwithnumbers…→Suppose,atyourveryfirstcontactwithnumbers…1.

Itwassaidthatthewriterwasborninthishumblecottage.Itwassaidthatthewriterwasborninthisveryhumblecottage.2.Thistraditionhasbeenkeptuntiltoday.Thisverytraditionhasbeenkeptuntiltoday.(or:Thistraditionhasbeenkeptuntilthisveryday.)3.

Martinwasthemanwhoproducedthewidelyacceptedproposal.Martinwastheverymanwhoproducedthewidelyacceptedproposal.4.

It’sthatprideofyoursthat’sblindingyoufromyourfaults.It’sthatveryprideofyoursthat’sblindingyoufromyourfaults._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ClozeFillineachofthefollowingblankswithanappropriateword.

IstillfindeachdaytooshortforallthethoughtsIwanttothink,allthewalksIwantto(1),allthebooksIwantto(2),andallthefriendsIwanttosee.The(3)Ilivethemoremyminddwells(4)thebeautyandwonderoftheworld…Ihavelovedthe(5)ofthegrassundermyfeet,andthesoundoftherunningstreams(6)myside.Thehumofthewindinthetreetopshasalwaysbeenlovely(7)tome,andthefaceofthefieldshasoftencomforted(8)morethanthefacesofmen.Iamin(9)withthisworld…Ihavetilleditssoil,Ihave(10)itsharvest,Ihavewaiteduponitsseasons,andalwayshaveIreaped(收獲)(11)Ihavesown(播種).takereadlongeruponfeelbymusicmelovegatheredwhat__________________________________________________________

Ihaveclimbedits(12),roameditsforests,saileditswaters,crosseditsdeserts(沙漠),(13)thesting(刺痛)ofitsfrosts,theoppressionofitsheats,thedrench(浸透)ofitsrains,thefury(