豬群健康管理技術(shù)實(shí)錄()課件

SwineHealthManagementFactsheet

豬群健康管理技術(shù)實(shí)錄

PRRS

豬繁殖呼吸綜合癥Dr.JimFairles范如杰博士HerdHealthSpecialist動(dòng)物健康專(zhuān)家ChinaCanadaAnimalHealthInitiative中加動(dòng)物健康啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目

DeadpigIntroduction引言iscausedbyavirus

是一種病毒病classifiedasanarterivirusasrecentlyas1991

直到1991年才確定病源為動(dòng)脈炎病毒科的一種病毒beenfirstrecognizedintheUSAinthemid1980‘sandwascalledMysteryswinediseaseorblueeardisease. 80年代中期在美國(guó)首次發(fā)現(xiàn)，被稱(chēng)為神秘豬病或藍(lán)耳病EarIntroduction引言Attacksmacrophages(immunedefensecell)anddestroysthem 攻擊并破壞巨噬細(xì)胞（免疫防御細(xì)胞）Upto40%ofthemacrophagesaredestroyed破壞巨噬細(xì)胞比例可達(dá)40％之多

removesamajorpartofthebodiesdefensemechanismandallowsbacteriaandothervirusestoproliferateanddodamage 機(jī)體防御機(jī)制的重要功能喪失，使得細(xì)菌以及其它病毒得以增殖并導(dǎo)致破壞。Introduction引言E.g.-noticeableincreaseinseverityofenzooticpneumoniaingrower/finisherunitswhentheybecomeinfectedwithPRRSvirus

例如，生長(zhǎng)肥育階段感染PRRS病毒后可明顯增加地方性肺炎發(fā)病的嚴(yán)重程度increasecanoccurinclinicalcasesofmeningitisinherdsinwhichvirulentStreptococcussuistype2isenzootic

在地方性二型豬鏈球菌病存在的情況下，PRRS可增加腦膜炎的臨床病例Strep/ADV

Epidemiology流行病學(xué)Thevirusisspreadbynasalsecretions,saliva,fecesandurine

病毒 通過(guò)鼻腔分泌物、唾液、糞和尿傳播fieldstudiessuggestitcanbeairborneforupto3km(2miles)

野外研究證明在3公里（2英里）范圍內(nèi)這種病可經(jīng)由空氣轉(zhuǎn)播Acarrierstateexistsinthepigthatcanlastfor2-3months

豬體帶毒狀態(tài)可持續(xù)2-3月Artificialinseminationcanbeapotentialmethodofspreadifsemenisusedwhenthevirusispresentintheblood(viremia)

如果血液中存在病毒（毒血癥），那么通過(guò)人工受精也可能傳播病毒Epidemiology流行病學(xué)Adultanimalsexcretevirusformuchshorterperiodsoftime(14days)成年家畜排泄病毒的時(shí)間短得多（14天）PRRSVmayinfectfetusesfrommidpregnancyonwardsandisexcretedinsalvia,colostrumandmilk.PRRS病毒可感染妊娠中期以后的胎兒童樂(lè)園，并且能夠通過(guò)唾液、乳以及初乳擴(kuò)散。Maternalantibody–shortduration(5-10days)

母原抗體–持續(xù)時(shí)間短暫（5至10天）

ClinicalSigns臨床癥狀

AcuteDisease急性Reproductivelossesandadecreasedfarrowingrate分娩率下降，繁殖功能喪失Earlyfarrowings,at105to112days 妊娠105至112天早產(chǎn)Increaseinstillborn,mummifiedandweaklivebornpigs產(chǎn)死胎、木乃伊胎及弱仔數(shù)增加StillbornEdemaClinicalSigns臨床癥狀

AcuteDisease急性Increasedpre-weaningmortalityoftenassociatedwithincreaseinbacterialinfectionsforexamplescourandgreasypigdisease斷奶前死亡率增加，常伴隨其它細(xì)菌性感染，如：腹瀉、油豬病等。Increasednumbersofunthriftypigspostweaning斷奶后僵豬數(shù)量增多Increasednurserymortalityoftenassociatedwithanincreaseinbacterialinfectionsforexamplepost-weaningscoursandmeningitis

保育階段死亡率增加，常由于有細(xì)菌感染，如：斷奶后下痢、腦膜炎等ClinicalSigns臨床癥狀

ChronicDisease–Neonatalpigs慢性–新生仔豬RespiratoryDistress 呼吸困難Unthriftyandfailuretothrive 生長(zhǎng)緩慢，僵豬Increasedsecondarybacterialinfections-scourandpneumonia 二次細(xì)菌感染增多–下痢、腦膜炎ClinicalSigns臨床癥狀

ChronicDisease–Growingpigs慢性–生長(zhǎng)豬Increasedmortality死亡率升高Decreasedappetite食欲減退Fever發(fā)燒Roughhaircoat,unthriftypigs 被毛雜亂，生長(zhǎng)緩慢Increasedrespiratoryproblems,pneumoniaandatrophicrhinitis 呼吸系統(tǒng)問(wèn)題，肺炎、萎縮性鼻炎Increasedsecondarybacterialinfectionsforexamplemeningitis,Greasypigdisease 二次細(xì)菌性感染增多，例如腦膜炎、油豬病等ClinicalSigns臨床癥狀

DrySows干奶母豬Shortperiodsofinappetencespreadingover7-14days-10-15%ofsowsatanyonetime.

短期的食欲不振，持續(xù)7-14天，其間任一時(shí)間都有10-15%的母豬表現(xiàn)出癥狀Thebodytemperaturemaybeelevatedfrom39-40oC(103-105oF).體溫可升至39～40oCAbortions,oftenlateterm,mayoccurata1-6%level.Theseareoftenthefirstsignstobenoted. 流產(chǎn)，通常在妊娠后期，流產(chǎn)比例1-6％。這通常是最先表現(xiàn)的癥狀。Transientdiscolorationoftheearsmaybeseen(2%level.Blueeardisease). 耳部短暫變色（2％。藍(lán)耳?。?。ClinicalSigns臨床癥狀

DrySows干奶母豬Somesowsfarrowslightlyearly.10-15%overthefirst4weeks. 輕微早產(chǎn)。感染前4周10-15%母豬表現(xiàn)此癥狀I(lǐng)ncreasedreturnsoccur21-35dayspost-service.配種后21-35天的返情率增加。Prolongedanoestrusanddelayedreturnstoheatpost-weaning. 間情期拖長(zhǎng)，斷奶后延遲發(fā)情。Coughingandrespiratorysigns 咳嗽以及其它呼吸系統(tǒng)癥狀ClinicalSigns臨床癥狀

FarrowingSows分娩母豬Lethargy.精神不振。Respiratorysigns.呼吸系統(tǒng)癥狀。Mummifiedpiglets.10-15%maydieinthelast3-4weeksofpregnancy.

木乃伊胎。10-15％胎兒死于妊娠最后3-4周。Stillbirthlevelsincreaseupto30%. 產(chǎn)死胎率增至30％。Veryweakpigletsatbirth. 新生仔豬極度虛弱。ClinicalSigns臨床癥狀

Boars公豬Inappetence.食欲不振Increasedbodytemperature.體溫升高。Lethargy.精神萎靡。Lossoflibido.性欲減退。Loweredfertility.受精率降低。Poorlittersizes.窩產(chǎn)仔少。Loweredspermoutput.精液產(chǎn)量降低。Increasedmortalityandacrosomaldefects.精子死亡率升高，畸型數(shù)目增加。PostMortemDiagnosis尸檢Increaseddiagnosisofotherdiseases

可檢到很多其它疾病。Nogoodspecificpostmortemsigns

沒(méi)有特異的尸檢癥狀。RuleOuts/SimilarDisease

排除法/相似疾病Pseudorabies–nervoussigns

偽狂犬病–神經(jīng)癥狀PMWS–jaundice

斷奶后多系統(tǒng)衰弱綜合征–黃疸Manyotherdiseases–APP,Strep,pasteurella,Mycoplasma,SwineInfluenza 其它各種疾病-放線(xiàn)桿菌胸膜肺炎，鏈球菌感染，支原體病，豬流感等APPTreatment治療IntheacutediseasewhenPRRSfirstentersthefarmitisimportanttocovertheperiodatrisk,whichisusuallysixtoeightweeks,within-feedantibioticsorbyindividualinjectionsandwatermedication. PRRS首次登陸豬場(chǎng)時(shí)會(huì)引起急性發(fā)病，此后六到八周的時(shí)間為高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)期，應(yīng)采取治療措施為豬群提供保護(hù)。這些措施包括飼喂或個(gè)體注射抗生素以及飲水用藥。Treatment治療Thebroadspectrumantibiotics,tetracyclines,trimethoprim/sulpha,orsyntheticpenicillinsarethemedicinesofchoicebutifMycoplasmaaloneisinvolvedtiamulinorlincomycinmaybeused.IfAppisactiveceftiofurcouldbeamedicineofchoiceforindividualtreatments.

應(yīng)選擇廣譜抗生素、四環(huán)素、甲氧芐氨嘧啶/磺胺，或合成青霉素。不過(guò)當(dāng)只有氣喘病伴發(fā)時(shí)，可用泰妙菌素或林可霉素。如果由APP（放線(xiàn)桿菌胸膜肺炎）發(fā)生，可采用頭孢噻呋對(duì)個(gè)體進(jìn)行治療。Treatment治療Inendemicdiseasepreventivemedicationovertheperiodatriskusing500to800goftetracyclineortrimethoprim/sulpha400g/tonnein-feedmaybeusedbutitwouldbeadvisabletoidentifythemajorbacteriainvolvedanddeterminetheirantibioticsensitivities.

在高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)期需針對(duì)地方性疾病采取預(yù)防性用藥措施，可在每噸飼料中添加500至800克四環(huán)素或400克甲氧芐胺嘧啶/磺胺。但建議用藥前分離確定主要的病源并進(jìn)行藥敏試驗(yàn)。Immunity免疫themajorityofbreedingfemalesbecomeimmuneanddonotsuccumbtofurtherepisodesofinfection

大多數(shù)繁殖母豬會(huì)產(chǎn)生免疫力，不會(huì)再次感染。iftheviruscontinuestocirculateinyoungsowsorgrowingpigstheincomingnegativegiltswillbecomeinfectedatsomestage

如果病毒在小母豬和生長(zhǎng)豬當(dāng)中持續(xù)互相傳播，則新入群的陰性青年母豬就可能會(huì)在某階段感染發(fā)病。majorrecurrenceofdiseaseinbreedingherdsisuncommon. 這種病通常不會(huì)在繁殖群中大規(guī)模地反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。Prevention–negativeherd

預(yù)防–陰性豬群PurchasebreedingstockfromherdsbelievedfreeofPRRS.從確信沒(méi)有PRRS感染的豬群引進(jìn)種畜。Setupaquarantinesystemtoholdpigsforaminimumofeightweeks. 建立隔離系統(tǒng)，對(duì)新進(jìn)種豬隔離至少八周時(shí)間。Aspigsarriveinquarantine,add6ofyourownknownnegativepigsandmixwiththeincomingstock.新豬到達(dá)隔離舍后，挑選6頭已知為陰性的測(cè)試豬與之混養(yǎng)。Afterfiveweeksofdirectcontact,bloodsamplethe6sentinelpigsand6oftheincomingstock. 五周后抽取測(cè)試豬和新豬各6頭進(jìn)行采血。

Prevention–negativeherd

預(yù)防–陰性豬群Makesuretrucksdonotcomeontoyourfarmwithotherpigsalreadyonboard. 禁止載有其它豬只的車(chē)輛進(jìn)入豬場(chǎng)Providebootsandcoverallsforallvisitors–showerin/showerout為參觀者提供靴子和連體服，進(jìn)出場(chǎng)前必須淋浴更衣。Donotborrowequipmentfromotherpigfarms.勿從其它豬場(chǎng)借用設(shè)備。Reviewherdbiosecurity. 不斷檢查豬群的生物安全狀況。Prevention–positiveherds

預(yù)防–陽(yáng)性豬群buyingiltsandboarsfromnegativeherdsandvaccinatetheminisolation

從陰性豬群引進(jìn)種豬，隔離期間對(duì)其進(jìn)行免疫接種giltsandboarsfromknowninfectedsourcesshouldbepurchasedandacclimatizedforatleastsixweeksbeforemating

如果從已知感染過(guò)的豬群引進(jìn)的種豬，則配種前至少要在本場(chǎng)飼養(yǎng)六周以適應(yīng)環(huán)境AllinAlloutprocedures全進(jìn)全出飼養(yǎng)SegregatedDiseaseControl

分段隔離疾病控制Removalofpigsatweaning(morethan21daysofage)onaweeklybatchbasistototallyseparatehousingforaperiodof8weeks(SDC).

斷奶仔豬轉(zhuǎn)出時(shí)（大于21日齡）按每周一批分批進(jìn)行，不同批的仔豬在相互完全隔離的豬舍里飼養(yǎng)8周（分段隔離疾病控制）。Vaccinationofpigletsatoneand3weeksofageagainstMycoplasmahyopneumoniae.在仔豬1周齡和3周齡時(shí)注射肺炎支原體疫苗Removalofallremainingweaners/growers/finishers.

一次轉(zhuǎn)出所有的斷奶仔豬/生長(zhǎng)豬/肥育豬。SegregatedDiseaseControl

分段隔離疾病控制Adaptationofbuildingstoallinalloutandnodropletcontactbetweenbatches.

在豬舍采用全進(jìn)全出飼養(yǎng)模式，且杜絕不同批次間通過(guò)污染物傳播。ReturnoftheSDCpigs. 分段隔離疾病控制豬只的返回。Control/eradicationofdiseaseinthesowherdbyvaccination/medication.

通過(guò)免疫接種和用藥在母豬群當(dāng)中控制和根除疾病。Vaccination免疫接種Livevaccinesa