高考英語(yǔ)完型填空專題

高考英語(yǔ)完形填空技巧歸納一、考試大綱說(shuō)明：注重能力考查，體現(xiàn)課改精神，試題要求考生不僅要理解文字的含義，而且還要結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行思考，主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文正確使用詞語(yǔ)的能力，要求考生從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，使補(bǔ)足后的文章意思通順，前后連貫，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，邏輯通順，該節(jié)在很大程度上考查考生的閱讀理解能力。

二、命題特點(diǎn)1.近幾年完形填空特點(diǎn)題材常為說(shuō)明文或夾敘夾議的文章.內(nèi)容完整,邏輯性強(qiáng),語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn).考察近義詞語(yǔ)細(xì)微差別的辨析?？疾熘攸c(diǎn)多為實(shí)詞:名/代/動(dòng)詞/形容/副詞等.關(guān)注語(yǔ)境背景知識(shí),側(cè)重上下關(guān)聯(lián),暗示判斷能力.側(cè)重于篇章,體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)用判斷和內(nèi)在邏輯，而以下兩種情況，一般不考：(1)不考虛詞。即不考冠詞、代詞、介詞、(2)不考語(yǔ)法。2.設(shè)空類型1）前后關(guān)聯(lián)型（上下文）；2）常識(shí)考察性（生活常識(shí)，已給文化背景）3）慣用搭配型（固定詞組，句型，語(yǔ)法）4）詞義辨析型（同義詞，反義詞）3、四個(gè)選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)1)詞類相同。即四個(gè)選項(xiàng)要么都是名詞,要么都是動(dòng)詞,要么都是形容詞,要么都是副詞等2)語(yǔ)法形式相同。即四個(gè)選項(xiàng),如果是動(dòng)詞,要么都是-ing形式,要么都是-ed形式,要么都是原形;如果是名詞,要么都是單數(shù),要么都是復(fù)數(shù);如果是形容詞或副詞,要么都是原級(jí),要么都是比較級(jí),要么都是最高級(jí)。3)正確選項(xiàng)的分布基本均等。即A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)各自所占比例基本相同。如15個(gè)小題,A、B、C、D各占3—4個(gè)1、研究首尾——找主題2、上下求索——尋信息3、瞻前顧后——找搭配4、思前想后——覓邏輯5、語(yǔ)境分析——辨詞義6、集中精力——破難題7、回讀代入——補(bǔ)漏洞1、提高閱讀能力（速度、理解）2、打好語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)

（固定搭配）3、擴(kuò)充詞匯量（動(dòng)詞、名詞）4、增長(zhǎng)生活常識(shí)，培養(yǎng)廣泛的興趣愛好5、多做多練，以提高實(shí)戰(zhàn)能力Howtogethighscores？正確的答題步驟2.必要的答題技巧3.適量的實(shí)踐訓(xùn)練三、高分技巧四、十大解題策略一）利用首句來(lái)解題，根據(jù)全文來(lái)選擇首句一般不設(shè)空。因此我們應(yīng)重視首句，并利用首句預(yù)測(cè)短文的問(wèn)題和全文內(nèi)容。抓住中心意思---圍繞什么話題(尤其注意在文章中出現(xiàn)頻率最多的詞)1.Ididvery

badlyatschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwas

andwhenIwas14hesaid,“You’renevergoingtobeanythingbutafailure.”

A.bright

B.useless

C.simple

D.hopeful2.DorothyBrownwasveryhappyasshesatinthetheatrelisteningtothemusic.TodayherlittledaughterLaurenwasgivingherfirstconcert.Shehadbeenwaitingforthismomentforyearsandyears.“Nowitishereatlast,”shethought.“Howbeautifulher1is.”ThesongmadehergobacktothedayswhenshewasLauren’sage.Asayounggirl,Dorothywantedtobeaconcert

singer.Shestudied2inFrance,ItalyandintheUnitedStates.“Youcanbecomeafine3inthefuture,”herteacherstoldher.“Butyoumustbepreparedtostudyhardandworkformanyyears.1.A.voice B.face C.dress D.life2.A.French B.music C.piano D.dance3.A.actress B.student C.singer D.dancer3.EveryThursdayafternoon,myarthistoryclassmeetsnotinourusuallecturehall(演講廳)butinouruniversityArtMuseum.Wespendourone-hourclassdiscussingtwoorthereofthe1manyofwhicharebyartiststhatwehavealreadystudiedinclass.Theprofessorbeginsbyselectingone2ofart.Aftergivingusaquickbackgroundontheartist

,hewillopenupforclass3.

1.A.subjectsB.paintingsC.speeches D.lectures2.A.book B.passage C.text D.work3.A.discussionB.activityC.argument D.consideration二）根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，合理推斷來(lái)解題1.Ourfatherwasastrugglinglawyer,butIalwaysknewhewas1.Henevercriticizedus,butused2tobringoutourbest.

1.A.strict

B.honest

C.special

D.learned2.A.help B.peaceC.smile D.praise2.HisbigstomachhasalwaysballoonedoutbetweenhisT-shirtandtrousers.Althoughhisfamilyoften1aboutthat,Edrefusedtobuya2T-shirtortoloseweight.1.A.cared B.forgotC.quarreledD.joked2.A.clean B.straightC.largerD.darker三、利用語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志解題常見語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)：1)結(jié)構(gòu)層次:firstly,secondly,thirdly；2)邏輯關(guān)系：since,thus,therefore,so；3)遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：besides,what’smore,further,other;4)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but,while,however,still,ontheotherhand；5)并列關(guān)系：and,notonly…butalso,aswellas,with等。1.Shetoldthefront-deskclerkshehadhada(n)

vacation,butwasheart-broken

aboutlosingseveralrollsofKodakcolorfilmshehadnotyetdeveloped.A.disappointing B.wonderful

C.uncomfortableD.important2.Firstofall,apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhandandbe_____touse.AheavyB.easyC.hardD.safe因此，我們要善于找出（“三找”）：一找.邏輯關(guān)系詞（轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、解釋、對(duì)立、因果、并列、總分、遞進(jìn)）二找.NOT（在原文中找not）三找.AND（在原文中找and）四、根據(jù)邏輯推理解題1.…andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange_____quitepleasanttaste.

A.besidesB.butC.andD.or2.ThepositionofchildreninAmericafamilyandsocietyisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.The4familyincolonialNorthAmericawasmainlyconcernedwithsurvival…..Childrenwerevaluedintermsoftheirproductivityandtheyplayedtheroleof

producerquiteearly.__5__theyfulfilledthisrole,theirpositioninthefamilywasoneofthe

subordination.(附屬)4.A.poorB.ordinaryC.happyD.wealthy5.A.UntilB.AfterC.AlthoughD.When五、根據(jù)常識(shí)和文化背景的角度來(lái)選擇1.Theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.Owningspringsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe____areaslikethedesert.

A.dry

B.distant

C.deserted

D.wild2.Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir

1

.Thiswasthebeginningofanother

2

dayinNewYorkCity.

1.A.jobs

B.homes

C.buses

D.offices

2.A.workingB.hotC.same

D.ordinary七、從詞語(yǔ)辨析和固定搭配方面來(lái)解題1.Here’safellowwhojustwalkedintoabankandhelpedhimself_____somuchmoney.A.forB.byC.toD.of2.SoItriedhardwithmywritingandwenttocollege.Myfirstnovel2_whileIwasatcollege.2.A.cameonB.cameinC.cameoutD.cameback3.OnApril12,1888,Alfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspaper3hisbrotherforhimand3.A.foundB.misunderstoodC.mistook D.judged4.Finally,afterweeksofpreparation,Iwould4allmyhardworkinadanceofperformance.Everythingwouldbe......4.A.takeoverB.showoffC.lookafter D.giveup六、從語(yǔ)法角度來(lái)解題1.Iwentintoacaféandaskedforacoffee.____

Iwaswaitingformydrink,Irealizedthattherewereotherpeopleintheplace,butIsensedloneliness.A．Before

B．Since

C．Although

D．While2.Haveyouevershoutedatateacher,toldsomeoneyouwerelonely,orsaidyouwereinlove,andthen_____lateryouhadkeptyourmouthshut?

A.wishedB.hopedC.blamedD.shared八、尋找對(duì)等對(duì)稱成分，分析兩句完全平行Theschooldecidedthatwhenthedriveropenedboththefrontandbackdoors,whoweregettingoffthebusshouldgetofffirst,and

studentswho

weregettingonshouldgetonlater.1.A.parents B.studentsC.teachers D.drivers九、同線、反線結(jié)構(gòu)（上下文找同義互釋項(xiàng)、反義互釋項(xiàng)、色彩法“+”“－”信息）1.Thiseconomyhasreallygotalotofpeoplemovingandnotalwaysbyachoicetheywantedtomake.MywifeandInowfindourselvesamongthoseunfortunatesfeelingthat1.Attheendoflastyear,ourcustomersjust2.Wehadtomakethepainfuldecisionto3ouroffice.1.A.pressureB.pleasureC.heatD.chance2.A.stayedupB.turnedupC.driedupD.cameup3.A.closeB.openC.enlargeD.decorate2.“I’msorry,butwehaveenoughwritersforthenewspaperalready.Comebacknextyearandwe’lltalkthen.”Jennasmiled1andleft.“Whyishighschoolsodifferent?”shesighed.1.A.widelyB.weakly C.excitedly D.brightly十．根據(jù)找復(fù)現(xiàn)同現(xiàn)解題復(fù)現(xiàn)是一種詞匯銜接手段，它通過(guò)原詞、同義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等形式，重復(fù)出現(xiàn)來(lái)表達(dá)某一概念，使整篇文章上下連貫，有機(jī)地銜接在一起。因此，考生可根據(jù)文章的具體情況，理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)境，利用文章中的復(fù)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象來(lái)選擇正確答案。(1)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。為了表達(dá)的需要，在具體的上下文中同一個(gè)單詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。1.AllofasuddenIstartedtofeelrather1.ShewonderedwhyIwaslookingforthissortof2.Ifeltevenmorehelplesswhenshetoldmethatitwouldbedifficulttogetajobwithoutexperience.1.A.encouragedB.dissatisfied C.helpless D.pleased2.A.placeB.job C.advice D.help(2)同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)是借助意思相同或相近的表達(dá)方式，或解釋性的語(yǔ)言使上下文的語(yǔ)義得以連接起來(lái)。如：Thatiswhatahobbymeans,Iguess.Itissomethingweliketodoinoursparetimesimplyforthe______ofit.Thevalueindollarsisnotimportant;wedoitforthepleasureitgivesus.A.benefitB.goodC.funD.interest

(3)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。語(yǔ)意的連貫有時(shí)是通過(guò)對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)而采用反義復(fù)現(xiàn)的手段，或者是以反義的方式對(duì)前文加以解釋，考生可以從反義的角度判斷正確的選項(xiàng)。如：Forcingyourselftorecallalmostneverhelpsbecauseitdoesn’t____yourmoney;itonlytightensit.A.loosen

B.weaken

C.decrease

D.reduce

(4)同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。對(duì)于上下文語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)的表達(dá)，還可借助復(fù)現(xiàn)信息的同源詞或同根詞。如：Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents.Ifalongreadingassignment

isgiven,theinstructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwiththeinformationinthereading……Whenresearchis____,theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwithminimumguidance.A.collected

B.assigned

C.distributed

D.finished(5)上義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。上義詞具有概括的作用。在篇章中，有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，作者會(huì)先概述，再分述。概述時(shí)用的為上義詞，分述則用比較具體的下義詞，兩者為總分關(guān)系。如：Othertimes,hewouldjoinstudentgroupstodiscussavarietyof

:agriculture,divingandmathematics.A.questionsB.subjectsC.mattersD.contents同現(xiàn)指意義上相互聯(lián)系的單詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一句話或同一語(yǔ)篇中，以確保語(yǔ)篇的和諧性、得體性。由于單詞意義的差別、所使用的語(yǔ)境不同，因此所使用的上下文也各有差異。(1)場(chǎng)所同現(xiàn)。On

days,sheworeheavyclothesandapairofwoolengloves.A.sunnyB.rainyC.cloudyD.snowy(2)修飾同現(xiàn)。Althoughthesewidemodernroadsaregenerally____andwellmaintained,withlittlesharpcurvesandmanystraight_____,adirectrouteisnotalwaysthemostenjoyableone.A.stable

B.smoothC.splendid

D.complicatedA.selections

B.separations

C.series

D.sections

(3)因果同現(xiàn)?！癏ooray!”shoutedthecrowd.Itwastheloudest

Ihadeverheardatameeting.Thefirst-placerunnerwastwolapsaheadofmewhenshecrossedthefinishingline.A.cheerB.shoutC.cryD.noise(4)結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)。Sometimeshewouldinviteastudenttoagameofchess.

,hewouldjoinstudentgroupstodiscussavarietyofsubjects:agriculture,diving,mathematics.A.AsamatteroffactB.LateronC.OthertimesD.Ingeneral(5)同義同現(xiàn)。Ifastudenthasproblemwithclassroomwork,thestudentshouldeither_______aprofessorduringofficehoursormakeanappointment.A.greet

B.attach

C.approach

D.annoy（2011·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷）Inourdiscussionwithpeopleonhoweducationcanhelpthemsucceedinlife,awomanrememberedthefirstmeetingofanintroductory36（同義復(fù)現(xiàn)）courseabout20yearsago.（記敘文，回憶、人物、時(shí)間、事件education）

Theprofessor37thelecturehall,placeduponhisdeskalargejarfilledwithdriedbeans（豆）,andinvitedthestudentsto38

（同義復(fù)現(xiàn)）howmanybeansthejarcontained.After39

shoutsofwildlywrongguessestheprofessorsmiledathin,drysmile,announcedthe40answer,（與前面wrong相對(duì)應(yīng)）andwentonsaying,”Youhavejust41animportantlessonaboutscience.Thatis:Never42yourownsenses.”

Twentyyearslater,the43（上文提到的人物）couldguesswhattheprofessorhadinmind.He44himself,perhaps,asinvitinghisstudentstostartanexciting45(概括的是答案)intoanunknownworldinvisible（無(wú)形的）tothe46,whichcanbediscoveredonlythroughscientific47.Buttheseventeen-year-oldgirlcouldnotacceptor順接關(guān)系）even48theinvitation.Shewasjust49tounderstandtheworld.Andshe50thatherfirsthandexperiencecouldbethe51.Theprofessor,however,與小女孩的觀點(diǎn)相反的saidthatitwas52（與51相對(duì)）.hewastakingawayheronly53forknowingandwasprovidingherwithnosubstitute.“Irememberfeelingsmalland54,”（找and）thewomensays,“andIdidtheonlythingIcoulddo.I55thecoursethatafternoon,andIhaven’tgonenearsciencesince.”（找否定詞）36．A.art B.historyC.science D.math37．A.searchedforB.lookedat C.gotthrough