初中英語中考復(fù)習(xí) 06-晨讀暮省-2021年中考英語考綱核心詞匯50天通關(guān)之拓展讀練測

06晨讀暮省-2021年中考英語考綱核心詞匯50天通關(guān)之拓展讀練測（一）詞匯晨讀入心1.backgroundn.背景關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：educationbackground教育背景；familybackground家庭背景；backgroundmusic背景音樂用法：既可以指圖畫、舞臺等的實體背景，也可以表示某個人的出身背景、學(xué)歷等。（2019，江蘇卷，短文填空）Ihadat48educationbackground.Iwenttopublicschools,receivednormal(常規(guī)的)educationandwasrequiredtofollowr49likeeveryotherstudent..2.basicadj.基本的，基礎(chǔ)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：basicinformation基本信息詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：basisn.基礎(chǔ)；basicallyadv.基本上，主要地（2019，北京卷，閱讀D）32.Theword"collapse"inParagraph5probablymeans“____________”.Aasuddenfailure B.thebasicruleC.adisappointingstart D.thegradualdevelopment3.beatvt.敲打；打??；vi.跳動；n.節(jié)拍詞形變化：過去式beat；過去分詞beaten關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：beatthedrum打鼓；bebeatenbysb.被某人打了；輸給了某人（2019，湖南卷，語篇翻譯）Doyouenjoyhittingthebooks?Itdoesn’tmeanyouenjoybeatingyourbookswithyourhand.4.beginv.開始，著手詞形變化：過去式began；過去分詞begun；現(xiàn)在分詞beginning關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：beginwith以……開始，開始于……用法：begindoingsth.和begintodosth.都表示“開始做某事“，它們的區(qū)別：eq\o\ac(○,1)begindoing強調(diào)事情的持續(xù)性。例如：Hebegansmokingthreeyearsago.他三年前開始抽煙（強調(diào)一種持續(xù)的習(xí)慣）。eq\o\ac(○,2)begintodo表示一件事情的開端，持續(xù)與否不重要。例如：It’sbeginningtorain,we’dbetterhurryup.開始下雨了，我們最好快點。同義詞：start詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：beginningn.起初，開始：inthebeginning=atfirst起初，開始；atthebeginningof…在……的開頭；frombeginningtoend從開始到結(jié)束（2019，浙江卷，完形）Ibeganmakingnewfriends.Idevelopedmyown___23___andneveragainfollowedthecrowd.23.A.skills B.habits C.projects D.opinions5.behaviourn.行為，舉止美式拼寫：behavior關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：good/badbehaviour良好/惡劣行為詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：behavev.表現(xiàn)，舉止（2019，湖南卷，閱讀A）49．AccordingtoPatrick,whatismoreimportant? A．Managingschoolsbyuniforms. B．Improvingstudents’behaviors. C．Helpingstudentsexpressthemselvesconfidently.6.believev.相信，認為關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：believeitornot信不信由你；itis(widely)believedthat…人們（普遍）認為……用法：eq\o\ac(○,1)believe是狀態(tài)動詞，通常不用于進行時態(tài)。eq\o\ac(○,2)believesb.相信某人說的話；believeinsb.相信某人的人品；believeinsth.信仰……；believe還可以接that或者wh-從句。eq\o\ac(○,3)可以用Ibelieveso或Ibelievenot作為對問題的肯定或否定回答。（2019，山東卷，單項填空）20.Arecentsurveyshowsthat44percentofAmericanswanttouseself-drivingcars,_________34percentbelievethattheywillmaketheroadsmoredangerous.A.although B.because C.if7.besideprep.在……旁邊，靠近近義詞：near，nextto易混單詞：besidesprep.除……以外（還有）；adv.此外，而且（2019，江蘇卷，閱讀表達）Igoforlongrunsandbikeridesbesidethebeach.Anhourofexerciseafteralongdayofwritinggivesmeenergy.（2019，浙江卷，完形）Mrs.Chaplinmanagedto___1___herchildren,herownwiththemoneyshemadeasasinger.___2___,theireconomic(經(jīng)濟的)situationchangedwhenshebecameillwithlaryngitis(喉炎)in1894.1.A.support B.leave C.ask D.face2.A.Although B.So C.However D.Besides8.beyondprep.（表示位置）在……的那邊關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：beyondreach夠不著用法：beyond通常用作介詞用，表示位置，意思是“在……的那一邊；在……之外；在更遠處”。例如：Whatliesbeyondthemountains?山的那一邊有什么？Theseaisbeyondthathill.大海在山的那邊。（2019，江蘇卷，完形）WhyisSongHeLousospecial___14___hundredsofrestaurants?14.A.between B.against C.among D.beyond9.birthn.出生，誕生關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：givebirthto生下……；date/yearofbirth出生日期/年份；placeofbirth出生地關(guān)聯(lián)詞匯：birthdayn.生日；born：bebornin/on出生于某年/某天；be動詞要求使用過去式形式。（2019，江蘇卷，閱讀B）24.AccordingtoParagraph1,cakesandice-creamarementionedtodescribe____________.A.thebirthofchickens B.thedifferencebetweenthemC.theuseofeggs D.thewayofkeepingthem10.blindadj.瞎的，失明的；盲目的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：go/becomeblind眼瞎，失明；colourblind色盲；blinddate相親詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：blindlyadv.盲目地；blindnessn.失明，盲目（2019，湖北卷，完形）Ablindmanhasnoideaofdayandnight,can’t44thebeautyofnature,orevendoesn'tknowwhatthelightis.44.A.hear B.enjoy C.touch D.play11.blowv.吹，吹氣；刮風(fēng)詞形變化：過去式blew，過去分詞blown關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：blowup爆炸；blowoff吹落，吹掉；blowout吹滅，吹熄；blowdown吹倒（2019，山東卷，閱讀C）Also,winddoesn’tblowallthetime,sowecan’tusewindpowerallthetime.12.borrowv.借，（向別人）借用關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：borrowsthfromsb.向某人借某物反義詞：lendv.借出，借給：lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth.把某物借給某人（2019，山東卷，閱讀表達）Couldyouhelpmepickoutsomenewclothes?WouldyoumindifIborrowedyourbike?CanyoulookaftermyapartmentwhileI’maway?13.breakv.打破（斷、碎）；損壞；違背詞形變化：過去式broke，過去分詞broken關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：breakone’sarm/leg摔斷胳膊/腿；breakthelaw違法；breakdown分解，發(fā)生故障；breakup打碎，分手（withsb.）；breakinto破門而入；breakoff折斷熟詞僻義：breakn.間歇，休息；中斷：take/haveabreak休息一下（2019，山東卷，動詞應(yīng)用）ThepolicesaidthatbothLiuandRanhadbrokencriminallawbyseriouslyendangering(危及)publicsafety.14.breathn.呼吸，氣息關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：outofbreath喘不上氣；takeadeepbreath深呼吸；holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸；takeone’sbreathaway使人大吃一驚，令人嘆絕詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：breathev.呼吸breathlessadj.上氣不接下氣的（2019，浙江卷，語法填空）Ashecoughedandstruggledtobreathe,hejumpedupand____56____,screaming:“Ah!Ah!Ah!”15.buildv.建筑，造詞形變化：過去式built，過去分詞built關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：buildup增進，加強名詞：buildingn.建筑物，房屋，大樓（2019，北京卷，完形）Andmomentsoffailurelikethisbuild___20___—sincethenI’velearnedtofacedisappointmentandgrownstronger.20.A.trust B.pride C.character D.support16.burnv.著火，燃燒；使曬黑詞形變化：過去式burned或burnt，過去分詞burned或burnt關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：burnout燒盡，燃盡（2019，浙江卷，語法填空）However,assoonashestartedeating,hismouthbegan____54____(burn),hiseyesbegantowater,andhiswholefacebecameasred____55____thefruit.17.businessn.生意；商業(yè)；業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：businesscard名片；dobusiness做生意；noneofone’sbusiness不歸某人管，與某人無關(guān)關(guān)聯(lián)單詞：businessman/businesswomann.做生意的人，商人（2019，浙江卷，語法填空）Allofushave_____59_____(spend)moneyandtimeonsomething一maybearelationship,orabusiness,orajob一andsometimes,evenifweknowthere'snohopethatthingswillchange,westillcontinuewithit.18.callv.（給……）打電話；稱呼；叫；n.電話；呼叫關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：eq\o\ac(○,1)動詞短語：callfor要求，需要；提倡；calloff=cancel取消；callback回電；叫回，收回；callup打電話；召集；征召（入伍）callon/upon呼吁，號召；拜訪eq\o\ac(○,2)名詞短語：makea(telephone)call打電話；givesb.acall給某人打電話（2019年，浙江卷，詞匯運用）Lydiarunsandpicksuprubbishalongtheway.Whatshedoesiscalled"plogging",anactivitycombiningcollectingrubbishwithrunning19.cancelv.取消，撤銷關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：cancelbutton取消按鈕詞形變化：過去式canceled或cancelled，過去分詞canceled或cancelled，過去分詞canceling或cancelling近義詞：calloff易混單詞：cancern.癌癥（2019年，江蘇卷，詞匯運用）37.-Theplanforsummerstudytripmaybe______________(cancel).-Really?I'mlookingforwardtoit.20.capitaln.首都，省會；資本；大寫字母；adj.首都的，省會的；資本的；大寫的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：capitalcity省會城市；capitalletter大寫字母易混單詞：captainn.船長，隊長；（海軍）上校（2019年，山東卷，單項填空）16.Berlinis_________capitalofGermany.A./ B.a C.the21.carefuladj.小心的，謹慎的；仔細的eq\o\ac(○,1)Becareful!用作祈使句，意思是“小心！”，表示提醒eq\o\ac(○,2)becarefulof(about)…表示“當心，留意”eq\o\ac(○,3)becarefulwith表示做某事很小心或仔細詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：carefullyadv.小心地，仔細地；carefulnessn.小心，仔細；carev.在乎；關(guān)心反義詞：carelessadj.粗心大意的；漫不經(jīng)心的（2019年，山東卷，動詞應(yīng)用）Thehostusuallymakesfull____14____bycarefullytidyingupthehouseand_____15_____alotofdeliciousdishes.14A.plans B.decisions C.preparations15.A.enjoying B.cooking C.washing22.catchv.&n.趕上；抓住，捕捉詞形變化：過去式caught，過去分詞caught關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：catchup(with)趕上，追上；catchacold感冒了；catchfire著火；catchone’sbreath喘氣（2019年，江蘇卷，單項填空）6.“Putonyourcoat,youwillcatchacold!”Thisiswhatmymumoftensaystome.A.and B.but C.or D.so23.causev.引起，導(dǎo)致關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：causetrouble惹麻煩用法：causesb./sth.todosth.使得……做某事；常用語被動語態(tài)：sth.iscausedby…某事是由……引起的（2019年，江蘇卷，動詞應(yīng)用）Theaccident69(cause)byafightbetweenthedriverandapassenger,killingall15peopleonthebus.24.celebratev.慶祝關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：celebrateChristmas慶祝圣誕節(jié)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：celebrationn.慶祝，慶典（2019年，江蘇卷，單項填空）38.Iplantogoabroadtocelebratemytwentiethbirthdayin___________(八月).25.centren.中心，中央美式拼寫：center關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：shoppingcentre購物中心；inthecentreof…處于……的中心詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：centraladj.中心的，中樞的（2019年，浙江卷，閱讀B）30.Howcanwedotrampoliningsafely?A.Buyanexpensivetrampoline. B.Jumpinthecenterofatrampoline.C.Chooseatrampolinewithoutanet. D.Loseweightbeforestartingtrampolining.26.centuryn.世紀，百年用法：一般放在序數(shù)詞的后面，表示第幾個世紀，如二十一世紀：the21stcentury（2019年，浙江卷，閱讀C）Theradiotelescopethusappeared,anditisconsideredoneofthegreatestinventionsinthetwentiethcentury.27.certainadj.確定的，無疑的，一定會關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：toacertaindegree/extent一定程度上；forcertain肯定，確定，無疑用法：becertainthat確定，肯定；becertainof/aboutsth.肯定（確信）某事；becertaintodosth.一定/確定做某事；becertainofdoingsth.有把握做某事詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：certainlyadv.當然certaintyn.確定性；確實的事同義詞：sureadj.一定的，確信的（2019年，北京卷，閱讀C）Toacertaindegree,wecanunderstandandcontrolourexperienceoftimepassing.28.chancen.機會；可能性關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：bychance=byaccident偶然；byanychance萬一；takeone’schance碰運氣；givesb.achance給某人一次機會；thechancesarethat…可能……（2019年，北京卷，完形）SinceIwas___15___prepared,Ifeltthatmychancesofwinningwerestrong.15.A.fully B.quickly C.freshly D.physically（二）暮省練習(xí)鞏固一.寫出這些單詞的漢語意義。

1.baby____________2.bathroom________3.become__________

4.bedroom__________5.been___________6.bell_____________

7.besides________8.bought__________9.brave__________

10.break__________11.bright__________12.brought_________

13.building____________

二.按要求寫出下列詞匯的變化形式。1.baby__________(復(fù)數(shù)形式)

2.bathroom___________(復(fù)數(shù)形式)

3.became________(動詞原形)

4.bedroom___________（復(fù)數(shù)形式）

5.been_______(一般現(xiàn)在時形式)_________(過去式)________(原形)

6.bell_______（復(fù)數(shù)形式）

7.bought____________(動詞原形)

8.break_________(動詞過去式)__________(動詞過去分詞)

9.brought________(動詞原形)

10.building__________(復(fù)數(shù)形式)

三.根據(jù)句意，用所給詞匯的正確形式填空。

1.______(baby)areneededtotakecareofbecausetheyaretooyoung.

2.Tomhasabighousewithtwo_________(bathroom)andthree_______(bedroom).

3.Jim__________(become)ateacherwhenheleftcollege.

4.Students_____________(be)runningforaboutthreehours.

5.The_______(bell)rings.It’stimeforclass.Let’sgototheclassroom.

6.Hehasmanyhistorybooks________(beside)Englishbooks.

7.Mymum_________(buy)acomputerlastweek.

8.TheboycalledYangYangwasvery_______(brave)andhesavedafewpeople’slivesaftertheearthquake.

9.Mr.Smithwantedtofindoutwho_______(break)thewindow.

10.Ourclassroomis_______(brightly)andclean.

11.Liping_________(bring)hisphotostotheschoolyesterday.

12.Nowtherearemoreandmorehigh_________(build)inourcity.

四.根據(jù)短文意思及首字母（或漢語意義），寫出合乎句意的單詞。

Mr.Green___1____(成為)anofficeworkerafterheleftcollege.