高考英語語法-虛擬語氣講義

虛擬語氣虛擬語氣：表示說話人的某種愿望、假設(shè)懷疑、猜測、建議等,常用于純屬假設(shè)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性不大的情況。一、非真實if條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣1.對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反：if從句用一般過去時&be動詞用were,主句用would/could/should/might+動詞原形。IfIwereyou,Iwouldbuythathouse.Ifhehadtime,hewouldgowithyou.2.對過去的虛擬，表示與過去事實相反：if從句用had+過去分詞,主句用would/could/should/might+have+過去分詞。Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinpassingtheexamination.如果他聽取我的建議，他會成功通過考試的。3.對將來的虛擬，表示與將來事實相反：if從句用一般過去時、wereto+動詞原形、should+動詞原形,主句用woud/could/should/might+動詞原形。Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,theycouldn'tgoout.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.4.省略if的虛擬條件句：當(dāng)虛擬條件句中有should,had或were時,可以省略if,且把should,had或were提至主語前，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。Hadheseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.Shoulditraintomorrow，thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.5.混合虛擬語氣：當(dāng)條件從句和主句所表示的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致時，就形成了混合虛擬語氣。此時，從句和主句根據(jù)各自謂語動作發(fā)生的時間不同，采用相應(yīng)的謂語動詞形式。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvicethen,youwouldn'tbeintroublenow.如果當(dāng)時聽我的勸告，你現(xiàn)在就不會有麻煩了。(從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在)二、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法(1)表示“命令、建議、要求”等的動詞，如suggest,order,insist、demand、require、advise等后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用“(should+)動詞原形”。Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.HeinsistedthatI(should)cometohisofficeatoneo’clock.注意：suggest表示“暗示，表明”,insist表示“堅持認(rèn)為，堅持說”時，其后的從句不用虛擬語氣。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthatheagreedtothisplan.Theboyinsistedthathehadn'tbrokenthewindow.(2)wish后的賓語從句中,用一般過去時表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反,用"would/could/might+動詞原形”表示與將來事實相反。1wishIweretenyearsyounger.1wishIhadknowntheanswertothequestion.IwishIcouldflytothemoonsomeday.(3)wouldrather后的賓語從句中，用一般過去時表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾?，用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反。1wouldratherthatyoucametomorrow.我寧愿你明天來。1wouldratherthatyouhadn'ttoldhim.我寧愿你沒有告訴他。三、虛擬語氣在表語從句和同位語從旬中的用法在表示“愿望、建議、命令、主張、要求”等名詞后面的表語從句和同位語從句中用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用"(should+)動詞原形"。常見名詞有：suggestion/advice/demand/requirement/order/insistence/proposal等。Myadviceisthatyou(should)quitsmokingHegaveadvicethatwe(should)makegooduseoftime.虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法It’s+表示要求、建議、必要、命令等意思的形容詞或分詞+that主語從句(should)+動詞原形，如：requested/suggested./advised/proposed/natural/surprising/essential/important/necessary/urgent等Itissuggestedthatparents(should)spendmoretimewiththeirchildrenalone.Itis+pity/nowonder/arule/ashame/asurprise...+that從句，從句一般用(should)+動詞原形It’sarulethateveryone(should)obeythelaws.五、虛擬語氣的其他用法ifonly：要是...就好了！引導(dǎo)的從句中需用虛擬語氣，與過去事實相反haddone;與現(xiàn)在事實相反did/were;與將來事實相反would/coulddo.IfonlyIwereascleverasyou!要是我像你一樣聰明就好了!習(xí)題一、選擇題IfIhadhadenoughtime,I___mywork.A.wouldfinishB.musthavefinishedC.wouldhavefinished D.hadfinished

2.MrGreenrequiresthatthestudents___acompositioneveryotherweek.

A.write B.written C.wouldwrite D.willwrite

3.Hadhestudiedhard,he___theexam.

A.wouldpass B.couldpass C.hadpassed D.wouldhavepassed

4.IwishI___whatishappeningthereinhisroom.

A.know B.known C.knew D.shouldknow

5.Itisimportantthatyou___sportseveryday.

A.shouldhave B.wouldhave C.musthave D.willhave

6.Iftherewerenowaterintheworld,everything___.

A.willdie B.woulddie C.wouldhavedied D.wouldhavebeendead

7.___whatwasgoingtohappen,Iwouldneverhaveleftheralone.IfIhadknown B.IfIknow C.IfIknew

8.Heorderedthatthework___rightaway.

A.shouldfinish B.finished C.wouldbefinished D.shouldbefinished

9.—Shallwegotothemovietonight?

—No,I'drather___athomewithourbaby.You'dbetternotleaveittothebabysitteratnight.

A.youstayed B.youstay C.stayed D.stay

10.___inyourposition,Iwouldhelphim.

A.IfIwas B.IfIwere C.IfIam D.IfIhadbeen

11.Ifyouhadspokenclearly,Iwould___.

A.understandit B.haveunderstood C.beunderstood D.havebeenunderstood

12.Ifyou___thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepy.

A.haven'twatchedB.hadn'twatchedC.didn'twatch D.wouldn'thavewatched13.

The

teacher

demanded

that

the

exam

_____

before

eleven.

A.

must

finish

B.

would

be

finished

C.

be

finished

D.

must

be

finished

14.

Had

you

listened

to

the

doctor,

you

_____

all

right

now.

A.

are

B.

were

C.

would

be

D.

would

have

been

15.

_____

tomorrow,

he

would

get

there

by

Friday.

A.

Ifheweretoleave

B.

Was

he

leaving

C.

Ifhewouldleave

D.

If

he

leave

16.

If

only

I

_____

my

watch!

A.

hadn’t

lost

B.

haven’t

lost

C.

didn’t

lost

D.

don’t

lose

17.

I’d

rather

you

___

right

away.

A.

leave

B.

left

C.

will

leave

D.

to

leave

18

Itis

arulethat

we

___

in

the

school.

A.

will

keepquiet B.

keepingquiet C.

should

keepquiet D.

kept

19.

He

wishes

___

mistakes.

A.hedoesn’talwaysmake