Unit 2 Out of the world Grammar and usage 語法講解講義-高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）選擇性必修第三冊

選擇性必修三Unit2Outoftheworld語法講解Teachingobjectives1.知識目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠掌握主語從句的基本含義2.技能目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠掌握主語從句的基本運(yùn)用3.情感目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠更有信心學(xué)習(xí)英語Keypoints,Difficultpoints1.掌握主語從句的基本含義2.掌握主語從句的基本含義Teachingprocedures：一、主語從句概述什么是主語從句？我想要搞懂什么是主語從句，恐怕先要搞懂什么是主語了，舉個例子：-

Candyisfinewithme.糖果對我來說沒問題。這句話中Candy(糖果)就是主語，就是一個簡單的詞而已，一樣?xùn)|西、一個人名、一個地方等等。那所謂主語從句呢就是把原來的一個詞變成了一個完整的句子，然后將這整個句子當(dāng)成主語，這整個句子在這一句話里跟一個名詞起的作用是一樣一樣的，例如：-

Whateveryouwantisfinewithme.你想要什么我都可以。這句話中Whateveryouwant就是主語，從原來的一個詞變成了一個句子。怎么樣明白了嗎？二、主語從句的位置主語從句通常由這些詞進(jìn)行引導(dǎo)：that、whether、what、who、whom、which、whose、when、where、why、how等。啥叫引導(dǎo)？好吧，就是從句開頭的第一個詞，它可能是上面這幾個詞中的一個。比如這個例子：-

Whatyouneedisanotherbathingsuit.你需要的是另一件泳衣。這個句子里，What就是引導(dǎo)詞（因為出現(xiàn)在開頭），而“Whatyouneed”就是一個主語從句，在這個句子里扮演了主語。主語從句該怎樣安放？從大的分法上來說主要就2類，一種是以上面那些引導(dǎo)詞開頭的句子，也就是說從句在句首；另外一種就是把他們變換了一下，將從句放到句尾，但是從句依然是主語，只不過整個句子的開頭用It代替了。1、從句在句首-

Thatmoneydoesn'tgrowontreesshouldbeobvious.金錢不能從樹上長出來是顯而易見的。（“Thatmoneydoesn'tgrowontrees”作主語）-

Whythewomanwasmurderedisstillaquestion.這個女人為什么會被謀殺仍然是個問題。（“Whythewomanwasmurdered”作主語）-

WhetherTomwilljoinuswon’tmakeanydifference.湯姆是否會加入我們，并不會帶來什么不同。（“WhetherTomwilljoinus”作主語）-

Thegreatesttestofcourageonearthistobeardefeatwithoutlosingheart.世界上對勇氣的最大考驗是忍受失敗而不喪失信心。（“Thegreatesttestofcourageonearth”作主語）你有沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)，在上面這些句子中，主語占的空間太大了，因為原來我們說話，主語就是一個詞，現(xiàn)在這樣的話，比例有些失調(diào)，顯得頭重腳輕的，因此為了保持句子平衡，就做了一下調(diào)整，主語從句常用it作形式主語，而且大部分主語從句都可以用it作形式主語，將主語從句后置，如下：2、從句在句尾下面的兩組句子，其實是一個意思，只是位置發(fā)生了變化，一個在前一個在后（前半句換用it引導(dǎo)了）：-

Whereyouwereborndoesn'tmakeanydifference.-Itdoesn'tmakeanydifferencewhereyouwereborn.你出生在哪里并無太大差別。（第二句把“Whereyouwereborn”放到句尾了，而且前面加了It）-

Whoyourparentsweredoesn'tmakeanydifference.-Itdoesn'tmakeanydifferencewhoyourparentswere.你父母是誰也并無多大差別，（第二句把“Whoyourparentswere”放到句尾了，而且前面加了It）三、主語從句中的that的作用that引導(dǎo)的主語從句有哪些呢？（一）that從句在句首的情況-

Thatweareinvitedtoapartythiseveningisagoodnewstous．我們被邀請參加今晚的晚會，這對我們來說是個好消息。-

Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.海洋正在被過度捕撈，這一點(diǎn)多年來就已為人所知?？偨Y(jié)：這是that存在感最強(qiáng)的時候了，當(dāng)“頭兒”了，所以不能省略，但是，依然不能被翻譯出來。當(dāng)然，更加常見的是

that從句在句末的情況，然后前面用一個形式主語

it

來指代，而且這種情況

that

還經(jīng)?？梢允÷?，下面就是這種情況，地位不保，全被it給替換了，哈哈哈~（二）that從句在句末的情況1、Itbe+過去分詞+that從句常見的結(jié)構(gòu)如下：-It'sreportedthat據(jù)報道...-It'sbelievedthat據(jù)信...-Itisgenerallythoughtthat人們普遍認(rèn)為...-Itshouldbenotedthat應(yīng)當(dāng)注意...-Ithasbeenfoundthat現(xiàn)已發(fā)現(xiàn)...-Itmustbepointedoutthat必須指出...例：It'sreportedthattherateisrising.據(jù)報道這個比例仍然在上升。2、Itbe+形容詞+that從句常見的結(jié)構(gòu)如下：-Itisclearthat顯然...-Itispossiblethat很可能...-Itislikelythat很可能...-Itisnaturalthat很自然...-Itiscertainthat可以相信...-Itisstrangethat奇怪的是...-Itisfortunatethat幸運(yùn)的是...-Itisnecessarythat有必要...例：Itisnecessarythateverystudentwearsauniform.有必要讓每個學(xué)生都穿校服3、Itbe+名詞短語+that從句常見的結(jié)構(gòu)如下：-Itisapitythat可惜的是…-Itisafactthat事實是…-Itisgoodnewsthat…真是太好了-Itisagoodthingthat…真是件好事-Itisnowonderthat難怪…-Itisashamethat遺憾的是…-Itisanhonorthat真榮幸…-Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常識-Itismybeliefthat我相信…-Itisamiraclethat…真是奇跡例：Itisgoodnewsthatshefinallylivesinherhomecity.她終于可以住在她老家的城市了，真是個好消息。4、It+不及物動詞+that從句常見的結(jié)構(gòu)如下：-Itseemsthat似乎…-Itfollowsthat因此…-Ithappensthat碰巧…-Itturnsoutthat結(jié)果證明是…-Itcomesaboutthat結(jié)果是…例：Itseemsthathedoesn'tloveher.看起來他并不愛她。5、其他結(jié)構(gòu)-Itdawnsupon/onsb.that某人突然想起...-Itoccurstosb.that某人突然想起...-Itmakesnodifferencethat...無所謂-Itdoesn'tneedtobebotheredthat不必?fù)?dān)憂...-Itisoflittleconsequencethat...無關(guān)緊要例：ItsuddenlyoccurredtoherthatJoewasafraidofbeingalone.她突然想到喬害怕獨(dú)自一人。四、主語從句中其他引導(dǎo)詞的意思主語從句通常由這些詞進(jìn)行引導(dǎo)：that、whether、what、who、whom、which、whose、when、where、why、how等。其實啊，這些詞在句子里是要表明一些事情的，比如某一具體的事物、人、地點(diǎn)、時間或方法等等，例如：what

=thethingthat/which“……的事物/東西”;where

=theplacewhere“……的地方”;when

=thetimewhen“……的時候”;why

=thereasonwhy“……的原因”；其余類推，它們已經(jīng)失去了疑問意義。1、What引導(dǎo)主語從句，表明一件事-

Whatshedidisnotyetknown.她干了什么尚不清楚。（“Whatshedid”作主語）2、Where引導(dǎo)主語從句，表明一個地點(diǎn)-

Whereweloveishome我們愛的地方就是家。（“Wherewelove”作主語）3、When

引導(dǎo)主語從句，表明時間-

Whenyoucanmakeitdependsonyourefforts.你什么時候能做到取決于你的努力。（“Whenyoucanmakeit”作主語）4、Why引導(dǎo)主語從句，表明原因-

Whytheydidn'tcomeisstillunknowntous.他們?yōu)槭裁礇]有來，我們還不知道。（“Whytheydidn'tcome”作主語）5、Who

引導(dǎo)主語從句，表明某人-

Whoislatewillbepunishedtoday.今天遲到的人將受到懲罰。（“Whoislate”作主語）6、Which引導(dǎo)主語從句，表選擇-

Whichbookyoureadisyourdecision.你讀哪本書是你的決定。（“Whichbookyouread”作主語）7、How引導(dǎo)主語從句，表方式方法-

Howyouthinkandactwillinfluenceyourlife.你的想法和行為將影響你的生活。（“Howyouthinkandact”作主語）8、Whatever引導(dǎo)主語從句，表明泛指的一類事-Whateveryouloveandtrustinthisworldlovesyouinreturn.無論你在這個世界上愛什么、信任什么，都會反過來愛你。（“Whateveryouloveandtrustinthisworld”作主語）9、Whoever引導(dǎo)主語從句，表明泛指的一類人-Whoevercananswerthisquestion

cangetthiscandy.任何能回答這個問題的人都可以得到這塊糖。（“Whoevercananswerthisquestion”作主語）10、Whenever引導(dǎo)主語從句，表明泛指的時間-

Wheneveryouareready

willbefine.你什么時候準(zhǔn)備好都沒關(guān)系。（“Wheneveryouareready

”作主語）11、Wherever引導(dǎo)主語從句，表明泛指的地點(diǎn)-

Whereveryougo

isright無論你走到哪里都是對的。（“Whereveryougo”作主語）12、Whether引導(dǎo)主語從句，表明一種條件-

WhetheryoucanspeakEnglishdependsonyoureffort。是否你能說英語是取決于你的努力。（“WhetheryoucanspeakEnglish”作主語）當(dāng)然，也可以把主語從句置于句末，同時在句首添加it指代，這時也可以把Whether換成If：-Itdependsonyoureffort

whetheryoucanspeakEnglish.-Itdependsonyoureffort

ifyoucanspeakEnglish.注意：主語從句在句首只能用whether而不能用if，只有在句末才可以換成if.課堂檢測一、語法填空（一）Afterreleasinga

short

video

on

April

27aboutplanting

andcookingpeas,ChinesefoodbloggerLiZiqibecameahitovernight."It'sreally

surprising.I

didn't

expect

such

a

wide

response,"Li

saidin

①________interview.Li'svideos

center

on

her

life

with

her

grandmother

in

the

countryside.Inthevideos,Li,often

dressed

in

②________(tradition)garments,risesatsunrise,restsat

sunset,

plants

seedsandharvestsflowers,cooksChinese③________(dish)andcraftsbamboofurniture.Li's

overseasfollowers

have

praised

her

videos

for④(show)

thesimpleandelegantsideofChina’scountrylife.⑤________,backhome,therehavelongbeendebatesonwhetherherpresentationisunrealisticallypoetic.Inresponse,Li,who⑥________(raise)

in

the

countryside,

said“⑦_(dá)_______IpresentisjustalifestyleI’vefollowedandappreciated.Nowadays,mostpeople

are⑧_______(extreme)stressed,soIhopetheycanfeelrelaxedwhentheywatchmy

videos.Therearesomanyideasinmymindofoldcraftsmanshipandfoodwe⑨(enjoy)forthousandsofyears.Somearealmostforgotten.Ihope?⑩________(preserve)themthroughmysmallefforts.”（二）Halfayearagoaftergettinghervisa,XieLeileftherfamilyandfriendsinChinaandboardedaplaneforLondon.Itwasthefirsttimethatshe①_____(leave)hermotherlandbecauseshewantedtostudyglobalbusinessandimproveherEnglish.Shewouldhavetogetusedtolivingina②_____(complete)newenvironmentinwhichshehadtolearnalmosteverythingsuchasasking③_____(passer-by)fordirections.OnarrivinginLondon,shechosetolivewithahostfamily,in

④_____theyalwayshelpherwithheradaptationtothenewlife.It's

⑤_____greatcomfortforher.⑥_____challengeistogetusedtotheacademicrequirementsofaWesternuniversity.Forherfirstessay,thetutorsaidthatshecouldn'tcitewhatotherpeoplehadsaidwithout⑦_(dá)____(acknowledge)themandencouragedhertoexpressherownideas.NowXieLeifeelsmuchmoreathomeintheUK.Inotherwords,sheadapts⑧_____thenewenvironmentwell.Whatseemedstrangebeforenow⑨_____(appear)quitenormaltoher.⑩_____(involve)insocialactivities,sheisactingasaculturalmessengerbuildingabridgebetweentwocultures.（三）?Designateda"CityofDesign"byUNESCOin2008,ShenzhenwasthefirstcityinChina①____________(present)anofficialstrategyaroundcreativedevelopment.This

②____________thesuddenandtremendous③____________(grow)ofup-and-comingindustries:Sofarmodem

④____________platfonn)havetakentheplaceof⑤____________(tradition)focuseswithawiderrangeofcreativeenterprisesfromsmartinfrastructureconstructiontodesignandrobots.Shenzhen⑥____________(be)acoastalcityontheeastbankofthePearlRiverestuary(河口),

⑦_(dá)___________(separate)fromHongKongbyanaturalriverborder.Itisrecognizedasthe⑧____________(young)cityofChina.Thoughithasalonghistory,itstruedevelopmentdidn'tstartuntil1980whenChinastarteditspolicyofreformandopening-up.Withitsenergyofyouth,Shenzhenhasdevelopedatanincrediblespeed.AfterbeingdesignatedasthefirstspecialeconomiczoneinChina,

⑨____________wasonceafishingvillagehasrapidlybecome

⑩____________emergingmodemcity.Inatimerangeof30years,ithaschangedfromanamelesstowntooneofthemostprosperouscitiesinChina.Today,Shenzhen’sspeedhasgatheredinternationalinfluence.（四）AsBrillat-Savarinputit,youarewhatyoueat.Manypeoplerelatethissayingtohealthyeating.Infact,Brillat-Savarinwasreferringtoour①_____(personal),characterandculture.PriortocomingtoChina,IateChinesefoodthat②_____(change)tosuitAmericantastes.Forexample,themostpopularChinesedishinAmericaisGeneralTso'schicken,

③_____can'ttellusmuchabouttheChinese.Instead,itdoestellusalotaboutAmericans.Fortunately,Ihadachance④_____(experience)authenticChinesefoodinperson.InaSichuanrestaurant,weenjoyed

⑤_____entirelynewtaste:Sichuanpeppercorns.Whatimpressedmemostwasthefriendshipofferedtous.InShandong,Ifoundthefactthatfamilyisimportanttothepeoplethere,forfamiliesgettogethertomake⑥_____(dumpling)onmajorfestivals.InXinjiang,people⑦_(dá)____(traditional)wanderedtheopenrangeonhorses,leadingtotheir⑧_____(roast)meatoveranopenfire.Everywhere,thefoodwasasvariedasthepeople.However,whatisalwaystrue⑨_____(be)thatChinesepeopleeverywhereshowfriendshipandkindness.Inaword,Chinesecultureisagoodillustration

⑩_____thesaying"Youarewhatyoueat."Cultureandcuisinegohandinhand,andifyoudonotexperienceone,youcanneverreallyknowtheother.二、填空題1._____shecomesornotmakesnodifference.2._____Ifinisheddoingthehomeworkinsuchashorttimesurprisedthemall.3._____hadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that's_____accountedforallitshotsprings.4.JustlikesomeEuropeanscelebrateSpringFestivalnowadays,it'snowonder__________ChinesecelebrateChristmas.5._________willbethechampionshipoftheninthseasonofthe"VoiceofChina"hasnotbeendecided.6.__________wearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.7.__________expectsagoodmarkintheexamissupposedtomakegreateffortsintheirdailylearning.8.__________developingcountriesreallyneedtodoistostoppovertybyremovingthecausesofit.9.Itdoesn'tmatter__________youturnle