2011屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講解介詞及短語(yǔ)

2011屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)解：介詞及介詞短【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)復(fù)合介詞，由兩個(gè)介詞組成，如asfor，asto，outoffromunder，frombehind，untilafter，exceptin等。短語(yǔ)介詞，由短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成，如 to，becauseof，inspiteof，onbehalfof，withreference分詞介詞，由現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成，如regarding，concerning，including表地點(diǎn)（包括，如about，upon，with，within，without等。[來(lái)源:]behind，beneath，between，on，to，under等。表時(shí)間，如about，after，around，as，at，before，behind，between，by，during，for，from，in，into，of，o，ovr，ast，sine，trough，troughut，till（until，to，towrds，within等。表比較，如as，like，above，over表，如against，with等on，without，consideringdespite，inspiteof表關(guān)于，如about，concerning，regarding，withregardto，asfor，astoon，accordingto，without（（一）介詞的句1、作定語(yǔ)：Thebookonthetableis；They；They3、作表語(yǔ)：Mydictionaryisinthebag.4、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：Ifoundhiminthe（二）attheendof,atthattime,atthebeginningof,attheageof,atChristmas,atNewYear等。in表示一段的時(shí)間，如：inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheeveninginOctoberin1998,insummerinthepastinthefuture等。on總是跟日子有關(guān)，onMondayonChristmasmorningonthefollowing,onMayDayonawarmmorningmorningexercisesfromtoday./Wehavenotseeneachothersince1995.3inafter：兩者都表示“在（某個(gè)時(shí)間）in表示“在（一段時(shí)間）in來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用。如：We’llbebackinthreedays./Afterseventherainbegantofall./Whatshallwedoafter4inonto：in表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，toChangchunisinthenortheastofChina./MongoliaisonthenorthofChina./Japanistotheeastof5、表示“在……上onin：on只表示在某物的表面上而用in表示占去某物一部ThereisabookonthepieceofpaperThereisaninterestingarticleinthenewspaper./Hedugaholeinthewall.端至另一端在表面上的通過(guò)，與onWaterflowsthroughthepipeTheoldmanwalkedacrosstheonat的是拐角外附近的外面。如：ThelampstandsinthecorneroftheroomImetwithhimatthestreetcornerHesatonthecornerofthetable.8、intheend,attheendof,bytheendof：intheendof；attheendofreachedaplaceofsafety./Attheendoftheroadstandsabeautifulgarden./TheydecidedtohaveanEnglisheveningattheendofthisweek./bytheendoflastmonthhehadfinishedthenovel.的“論述。如：Hecame lmeaboutsomethingimportant./Hewroteabookon,Youaretositbetweenyourfatherandme./Heisalwayshappyamonghis注意：between。如：Agreementsweremadebetweenthedifferentcountries.在談到一些事物或一組事物，而把它們視為分居betweenThelittlevalleyliesbetweenhighmountains.between。如：Theydon’tknowthedifferencebetweenwheat,oatsandbarley.exceptAllwentoutexceptme.；but與except意思近似，表示no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything等和其他疑問(wèn)詞后面。如：Ineversawhimreadinganythingbutthenewspaper.；exceptforHisdiaryisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.。12、表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的“用用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、in。如：Heiswritingaletterwithapen./HewrotetheletterinpencilWemeasureditinpounds./Readthetextinaloudvoice./lmethestoryinEnglish.13、inchargeofinthechargeof：inchargeofinthechargeofWhoisinchargeoftheprojectTheprojectisinthechargeofanengineer.。14、as,like：as作“作為“以……地位或”解。如：Letmespeaktoyouasafather.（事實(shí)是父親；like作“象……一樣”解。如：Letmespeaktoyoulikeafather.（事實(shí)上不是父親。frontof則是“在……前部”的意思（在某物內(nèi)。如：ThereisadeskinfrontoftheblackboardTheboysatinthefrontofthecar.。16、in,into：into表示，不表示目的地或位置。如：Wewalkedintothepark.；in通常表示位置。putthecoinin(into)mypocket.我把硬幣放進(jìn)衣袋。[來(lái)源:Z*xx* 2動(dòng)詞+介詞：laughat,wait形容詞、過(guò)去分詞+介詞：begoodatbeproudofc：payavisitto,thekeyto3or,either...or,YoucangotoBeijingeithertodayorYoumustgetupearlyoryouwon’tcatchtheearly4but,however,while,HisbrotherisfondoffootballwhilehelikesYoucanwatchTV,butyoumustfinishyour5andboth...and,neither...nor,notonly...butalso,aswellasTostudyEnglishwell,weneedbothdiligenceandThathorseisnotonlytheyoungestamongthefive,butalsorunstheItmusthaverained,forthegroundis【考點(diǎn)詮釋考點(diǎn) 常見(jiàn)介詞的活over可表位置，意為“在……上方，越過(guò)；遮住，蓋住”，也可表時(shí)間，意為“在……期間，(多年)①Y0ucan’twearabluejacketoverthatshirt—it’IIlookterrible．你不能在那件襯衣外面再穿上藍(lán)色的夾②Wehadapleasantchatoveracupoftea③Wehearditovertheradio系)；通過(guò)……方式”等，還可以用來(lái)表示增加或減少的程度。by構(gòu)成的常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)有：byandby不久，遲 byandlarge大體byoneself單 bytheway順便說(shuō)byfar……得多，最 bychance碰byaccident偶然 bymeansof借bynomeans絕不，一點(diǎn)也 bymistake錯(cuò)誤①Thewaterintheriverrosebytwometers．河水上漲了兩米。[來(lái) ②HeisanEnglishmanbybirth①Heturnedredwithanger．他氣得臉變紅了。[來(lái)源 ②Theproblemwithlookingintospacefromtheearthisthatthereisalotofdustintheearth’sair．從地球上beyond這個(gè)詞平時(shí)接觸的機(jī)會(huì)不是太多，但它卻是一個(gè)考查熱點(diǎn)。beyond表示“(時(shí)間)過(guò)了 ①Theyarrivedbeyondnineo’clock9：00②Thebookisbeyondme③Tomisfarbeyondhiselderbrotherinmaths．的數(shù)學(xué)比他哥哥的好多了。典例：(2010高考英語(yǔ)卷,5)Tired,Jimwasfastasleepwithhisback

abigA. B. C. D.考點(diǎn)2介詞的固定搭配名詞詞組：onthecontrary相反；inturn依次；inone’sopinion根據(jù)的看法；offtime準(zhǔn)時(shí)；outofreach夠不著動(dòng)詞詞組：remindsbofsth提醒某事；robsbofsth的……；restdtfrom由……引起callat(某地形容詞詞組：becuriousabout對(duì)……好奇；beproudof因……而自豪；bepopularwith受到……的介詞短語(yǔ)：apartfrom除……Pb；inadditionto除……之外(還)；becauseof因?yàn)?；insteadof代替；infearof為……提心吊膽；forfearof以免；incaseof防備；thanksto由于；inthemiddleof在……中間；accordingto根據(jù)；infrontof在……前面；inreturnfor作為對(duì)……的回報(bào)；inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)；asaresultof作為……的結(jié)果；inexchangefor與……典例：(2010高考英語(yǔ)江西卷,34)Nowadayssomehospitalsrefertopatients

name,notcaseA B C D【答案】【解析】考查介詞辨析。句意：如今有些醫(yī)院是以來(lái)查閱患者的，而不是憑病例編號(hào)(去查詢(xún)的)byname按考點(diǎn)3介詞用法歸納與辨如：inthe1990s,inJanuary,in(the)winterinduring表一段時(shí)間內(nèi)兩詞可互用。如：inthenight,duringthenight,inthewar,duringthewar。但略有區(qū)別：當(dāng)接表示“活動(dòng)”的抽象名詞時(shí)多用during，接“活動(dòng)”的動(dòng)名詞及短語(yǔ)時(shí)用in。如：duringthediscussion/indiscussingtheproblemduringherstayinHubei/inplayingbasketball/duringthecourseof/indiggingthethatday，nextSundaysomeday，oneday4.till、until、to的用法。Hewaitedformetilltwelveo’clock.Hedidn’tgetuptilluntil10a.m.(till而用untilNotuntil9a.m.didMr.Smithcomebacktoto表“終結(jié)”from連用，但要注意不與fromfromJulytoSeptember,fromsixtotilleight(從……到……為止)frommorningtillnight(從早到晚)，to。 bytheyear/hour/day按年/小時(shí)/tothepound按磅算，totheton表泛指的方式、:bypost,byephone(radio),但onthephone/ontheradio/onTV(電訊器材)，byelectricity，byhardwork,learnsth.byheart,throughthesalite,throughpractice,throughhisownefforts,throughexperience,throughtheescope交通工具類(lèi)。另外：bymeansof用……方法，bywayof經(jīng)由，取道于，用……方法;withthehelp(permission)ofsb./withsb.’shelp(permission)“在……幫助下”。表方式、的其他用法Hebeatthedogwithawhip.(with+工具、機(jī)器Onesmellswithhisnose.(with+，但byhand“手工，用手”)Hestoodupwithpride.(with+情緒、情感、態(tài)度的名詞)inhigh(good,low)spirits,inanger,injoy,incomfort,insorrow,insafety,indanger,inneed,indebt,inlove,infun,inpain,intears,insurprise,ingood(poor)health,ingoodorder,inflower,inaway,inalowvoice,insilence,in(with)satisfaction,inahurry,in(with)words,live/feedonfood,kneelonone’sknee,take(catch)sb.bysurprise(出其不意)[來(lái)源:學(xué)#科#Z#X#X#K]besides除……以外，(還有)”。作副詞時(shí)意思是“而且，更何況”。如：Itwastoolatetoseeafilm,andbesides,Iwastired.WeallwentexceptJohn.Hehasnootherhatsexcept/besidesthisexceptfor“除了……(對(duì)句子進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)校正或附加說(shuō)明)”后接名詞、代詞或what從句，此時(shí)HewasverycleverexceptforHehasnotchangedexceptthatheiswearingdarkbutexcept在表示“除了……以外”時(shí)可以通用，但應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)：前面有不定人詞、疑問(wèn)代詞but。Allbutonearehere.NobodybutIlikesmakingmodelships.后接不定式短語(yǔ)為排buttodosth.只得做某事，cannotbutdosth.不得不,cannothelpbutdosth.不得不……，butfor...如不是……for以all開(kāi)頭的名詞短語(yǔ)，forIstayedwithheralltheIhaven’tseenyouforthirtyForthewholemorning,theoldmankeptin的名詞有：interest,satisfaction,expertHeisexpertinteachingsmall【高

2010高考英語(yǔ)1.(2010高考英語(yǔ)秋季卷,30)Inancienttimes,peoplerarelytravelledlongdistancesandmostfarmers thelocalmarket.A.longer B.more C.asmuch D.asfar【答案】asfaras遠(yuǎn)到2.(2010高考英語(yǔ)秋季卷,25)Seanhasformedthehabitof

thetree-linedavenueforhourseveryA. B. C. D.英語(yǔ)重慶卷,22)ThedictionaryiswhatIwant,butIdon’thaveenoughmoney A.byB. C. D.【解析】考查介詞。Idon’thaveenoughmoneywithme4.(2010高考英語(yǔ)卷,29)Wouldyoumindnotpickingtheflowersinthegarden?Theyare everyone'sA. B. C. D.【答案】【解析】介詞。句意為：“不要摘花園里的花好嗎？它們是供大家欣賞的。”此處表示目的，“為了”的意思，故用介詞for。5.(2010高考英語(yǔ)浙江卷,7)Iguesswe’vealreadytalkedaboutthisbeforebutI’llaskyouagainjust A．bynature B．inreturn C．incase D．bychance【答案】【解析】本題考查介詞短語(yǔ)。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思：bynature天生地；inreturn作為回報(bào)，作為交換；incase萬(wàn)一，以防；bychance偶然地。根據(jù)句意：我之前已經(jīng)跟你談?wù)撨^(guò)這件事，但是以防萬(wàn)一，6.(2010高考英語(yǔ)卷,13)Myfatherwarnedme goingtotheWestCoastbecauseitwascrowdedwithtourists.A. B. C. D.語(yǔ)卷,5)Tired,Jimwasfastasleepwithhisback

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7.(2010A. B. C. D.【答案】；8.(2010高考英語(yǔ)春季卷,25)Wereplanningtosendoutathousandinvitations 【答案】【解析考查介詞語(yǔ)意我們打算送1000張邀請(qǐng)函給世博會(huì)sendsthtosb意為送某物給，D項(xiàng)。9.(2010高考英語(yǔ)遼寧卷,31)Iagreetohissuggestion the C. D.【答案】10.(2010高考英語(yǔ)江西卷,34)Nowadayssomehospitalsrefertopatients

name,notcaseA B C D【答案】【解析】考查介詞辨析。句意：如今有些醫(yī)院是以來(lái)查閱患者的，而不是憑病例編號(hào)(去查詢(xún)的) name按11.(2010高考英語(yǔ)江西卷,29)Wegivedogstime,spaceandlovewecanspare,and ,dogsgiveustheirAin Bin Cin Dinreturn[來(lái)源 英語(yǔ)卷,30)Itisillegalforapublicofficialtoaskpeopleforgiftsormoney

12.(2010高考favorstoA.inpreference B.inplaceC.inagreement D.inexchange【答案】13.(2010高考英語(yǔ)福建卷,27)Moreandmorehigh-risebuildingshavebeenbuiltinbigcities

A.insearch B.inplace C.forlack D.forfearo【答案】找……”；B項(xiàng)意為“代替，替代”；C項(xiàng)意為“缺乏，短缺”；D項(xiàng)意為“擔(dān)心，害怕”。據(jù)句意可知，C2009高考英語(yǔ)1.（09福建）23.Howamazingitisthatastronautsareexploringouter-It’sachallenge,ImanagainstA. B.【答案】C.D.【解析】Iguesschallenge連用，表所屬，用of，A