虛擬語氣(1)課件-高三英語二輪復習

英語動詞語氣總結陳述語氣祈使語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣

定義:說話者用來表示假設，或難以實現(xiàn)的情況，而非客觀存在的事實，所陳述的是一個條件，不一定是事實，甚至完全與事實相反。此外如需表達主觀愿望或某種強烈的感情時，也可用虛擬語氣總結：1·與事實相反的假設2·表達愿望，請求，建議，命令，等虛擬語氣表“不可能”假設與現(xiàn)在相反與將來相反（可能性?。┡c過去相反對現(xiàn)在的相反表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況,條件從句的謂語動詞用過去式,主句謂語動詞用“would/should/could/might+動詞原形”?！fIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuymyselfacomputerfirstofall.如果我有足夠的錢,我首先要為自己買一臺電腦?！fIweretenyearsyounger,Iwouldstartalloveragain.如果我再年輕十歲,我會從頭開始的。表示與過去事實相反的情況，條件從句中謂語動詞用haddone（過去完成時）,主句謂語動詞用should/would/could/mighthavedone對過去的相反·Ifwehadhadenoughrainlastyear,wecouldhavegainedagoodharvest.如果去年雨水充足的話，我們可能會有一個好收成的?！fyouhadworkedhard,youwouldhaveeasilypassedthefinalexamination如果你當時努力學習的話，就會輕松通過期末考試的。表示與將來事實相反的情況,條件從句中謂語動詞可用過去式、should+動詞形”或“wereto+動詞原形”，主句謂語動詞用“would/should/could/might+動詞原形”。對將來的相反·IfIsaw/shouldsee/weretoseehimtomorrow,Iwouldinvitehimhome.如果明天見到他,我會邀請他到我家?！fitwere/shouldbefinetomorrow,Iwouldgoonatrip.如果明天天氣好的話,我就去旅游。if引導的條件狀語從句的虛擬語氣的其他用法(1)省略連詞if。在書面語中，如果虛擬條件從句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把這幾個詞放到主語之前，構成主謂倒裝。?

Shouldhecome(lfheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup他要是來了，讓他給我打個電話?Werelyou(lfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你，就不做這事。1.Ifl____wherehelived,I____anotetohim.A.knew,wouldB.hadknown,wouldhavesentC.know,wouldsendD.knew,wouldhavesent2.Ididn’tknowhistelephonenumber.it_____,l_____then.

A.HadIknown,wouldringhimup

B.ShouldIknow,wouldhaverunghimupC.lf

lknew;wouldringhimupD.HadIknown;wouldhaverunghimup3.Maryisilltoday.Ifshe_____,she_____absentfromschool.A.werenotill;wouldn'tbeB.hadbeenill;wouldn'thavebeenC.hadbeenill;shouldhavebeenD.hadn'tbeenill;couldbe4.WereItodoit,I_________itsomeotherway.A.willdoB.woulddoC.wouldhavedoneD.weretodo以下兩種句型中,主語從句常用虛擬語氣,謂語動詞用“(should十)動詞原形”1.Itis/wasimportant/necessary/essential/impossible/that...或Itis/wasarule/ashame/asurprise/nowonderthat..Itisveryimportantthatone(should)mastertheskillsofcomputer.掌握電腦技能對于每個人來說都是非常重要的。Itisarulethateveryone(should)obeythelaws.條例規(guī)定每個人都應該遵守法律。2.Itis/wasadvised/suggested/required/decidedthatItisadvisedthatone(should)takeplentyofboiledwater.建議每個人都多喝開水Itisrequiredthatthestudents(should)learnaforeignlanguage.學生們被要求必須學一門外語。主語從句中的虛擬語氣1.itisquitenaturalthatmycominglateagain_____themveryangry.

A.hadmadeB.wouldmakeC.makesD.make.2.Itisimportantthatwe_____.A.shallclosethewindowbeforeweleaveB.willclosethewindowbeforeweleaveC.mustclosethewindowbeforeweleaveD.closethewindowbeforeweleave1.在wish后的賓語從句中,用一般過去時表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反;用“could/would+動詞原形"表示與將來事實相反;用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反●IwishIweretenyearsyounger.但愿我能年輕十歲，2.在wouldrather后的賓語從句中,用一般過去時表示與現(xiàn)在或將來事實相反;用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反●I’dratheryoucametomorrowthantoday.我寧愿你明天來,而不是今天。3.表示“堅持要、建議、命令、要求”的動詞insist、demand、require、request、propose、suggest、command、order等后面的賓語從句中,謂語動詞習慣上用“(should+)動詞原形”●HeinsistedthatI(should)cometohisofficeatoneo'clock.他堅持要求我一點鐘去他的辦公室。特別提示這類動詞若表示“建議、命令、要求、堅持要”之外的意思時一般不用虛擬語氣Thesmileonherfacesuggeststhatsheagreeswithme.她臉上的笑容表明她同意我的意見。(suggest表示“暗示,表明”)Theboyinsistedthathehadn'tbrokenthewindow.男孩堅持說他沒有打碎窗戶。(insist表示“堅持說,堅決認為”)賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1.由asif/though引導的方式狀語從句有時也用虛擬語氣。與現(xiàn)在事實相反用一般過去時;與過去事實相反用過去完成時

●Theyoungmanwithlonghairwalksasifhewereagirl.

留長發(fā)的那個小伙子走起路來就像個小姑娘。2.目的狀語從句中有時也用虛擬語氣引導這類目的狀語從句的短語有inorderthat、sothat、forfearthat、incase等，從句中謂語動詞的形式多為“should/may/might/can/could/would+動詞原形”。

●IhiredaboatsothatIcouldgofishing.

我租了一條船,這樣我就可以去釣魚了。狀語從句中的虛擬語氣1.Heactedasifhe____everythingintheworld.A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.won'tknow2.ReaditaloudsothatI____youclearly.A.mayhearB.willhearC.hearD.haveheard3.Theygotupearlyinorderthatthey___th