2019年高考英語閱讀理解專題突破

2019年高考英語閱讀理解專題突破（名師精選試題+解析答案，建議下載練習）專題1-主旨大意（一）A（2017年重慶一模）ThefirstpotatoesweregrownbytheIncasofSouthAmerica,morethan400yearsago.Theirdescendants（后代）inEcuadorandChilecontinuetogrowthevegetableashighas14，000feetupintheAndesMountains.（That'shigherthananyotherfoodwillgrow.）EarlySpanishandEnglishexplorersshippedpotatoestoEurope,andtheyfoundtheirwaytoNorthAmericaintheearly1600s.Peopleeatpotatoesinmanyways—baked,mashed,androasted，tonamejustthree.However，intheUnitedStatesmostpotatoesareeatenintheformofFrenchfries.Onefast-foodchainalonesellsmorethan$1billionworthoffrieseachyear.Nowonder,then,thatthecompanypaysparticularattentiontothewayitsfriesareprepared.Beforeanyfrymakesittothepeoplewhoeatatthesepopularrestaurants，itmustpassmanyseparatetests.Failanyoneofthesetestsandthepotatoisrejected.Tostartwith,onlyRussetBurbankpotatoesareused.TheseIdahopotatoeshavelesswatercontentthanotherkinds,whichcanhaveasmuchas80percentwater.Oncecutinto“shoestrings”shapes，thepotatoesarepartlyfriedinasecretblendofoils,sprayedwithliquidsugartobrownthem,steamdriedathighheat,thenflashfrozenforshipmenttoindividualrestaurants.Beforeshipping，everyshoestringismeasured.Fortypercentofabatchmustbebetweentwoandthreeincheslong.Another40percenthastobeoverthreeinches.Whataboutthe20percentthatareleftinthebatch?Well，afewshortfriesinabagareokay，itseems.So,nowthatyourealizetheenormoussizeandvalueofthepotatocrop,youcanunderstandwhymostpeopleagreethatthispartofthefoodindustryisno“smallpotatoes”．【語篇解讀】本文介紹了土豆被引進美國的歷史及炸薯條在美國食物產業(yè)中舉足輕重的地位。1．PotatoesinNorthAmericacamedirectlyfrom ．A．ChileB．EuropeC．EcuadorD．theAndesMountainsB［考查細節(jié)理解。根據文中第一段最后一句"EarlySpanishandEnglishexplorersshippedpotatoestoEurope,andtheyfoundtheirwaytoNorthAmericaintheearly1600s.”可知，北美最早的土豆來自歐洲。故選B項。］2．Whydoesthecompanypayspecialattentiontothewaythefriesareprepared?A．Becausesellingfriesisabigbusiness.B．Becausefriesarenoteasytoprepareatall.C．BecauseAmericansareparticularaboutfries.D．Becausethegovernmenthasastrictruleforthat.A［考查推理判斷。根據第二段的“Onefast-foodchainalonesellsmorethan$1billionworthoffrieseachyear.Nowonder，then,thatthecompanypaysparticularattentiontothewayitsfriesareprepared”可知，在美國，炸薯條是個很大的行業(yè)，所以會被特殊關注。故選A項。］3．Inthelastparagraph,thewritermainlywantstosay ．A．smallpotatoescannotbeusedforfriesB．potatoesarereallyimportantforAmericansC．eatinginAmericaistheveryfirstthingD．friesarereallyimportantforfoodindustryD［考查推理判斷。根據最后一段中的內容“thispartofthefoodindustryisno‘smallpotatoes’”可知，在美國，炸薯條在食品產業(yè)中不是“小土豆”（無足輕重的東西），由此可推測，炸薯條在食品產業(yè)中占有重要的地位。故選D項。］［干擾項分析］本題學生易誤選B項，本文首先介紹了土豆被引入美國，且炸薯條帶來了強大商業(yè)利潤，但在最后一段中，根據關鍵信息“realizetheenormoussizeandvalueofthepotatocrop”及“thispartofthefoodindustryisno'smallpotatoes’.”可知，本段重點強調炸薯條在食品產業(yè)中的重要地位，而不是土豆對美國人的重要性，故排除B項。4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.TheaverageAmericaneats50poundsofpotatoesayear.B.Frenchfriesaremadefrompotatoes.C.PotatoesareakeyvegetableinAmerica.D.Thevarioustermsforpotatoeshavealonghistory.C［考查主旨大意。根據全文內容可知，在美國，土豆可以有多種吃法，尤其是炸薯條，深受人們的歡迎，也因此帶來了強大的商業(yè)利潤，在食品產業(yè)中占有重要地位。因此，本文的主旨是，在美國土豆是很重要的蔬菜。故選C項。］B（2017年湖南長郡中學模擬）Itisquitereasonabletoblametrafficjams,thecostofgasandthegreatspeedofmodernlife，butmannersontheroadarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel.Itisallrighttohaveatigerinacage，buttohaveoneinthedriver'sseatisanothermatter.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners，butagoodsense.Ittakesthemostcool-headeddriversgreatpatiencetogiveupthedesiretobeatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedriving.Ontheotherhand，alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardreducingthepossibilityofquarrellingandfighting.Afriendlynodorawaveofthanksinanswertoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandbecomessonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchbehaviorofpolitenessisbynomeansenough.Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.However，misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Atypicalexampleisthedriverwhowavesachildcrossingthestreetatawrongplaceintothepathofoncomingcarsthatmaynotbeabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheywantto.Anexperienceddriver，whosemannersarefaultless，toldmeitwouldhelpifdriverslearnttocorrectlyjoininatrafficstreamwithoutcausingtotalblockagesthatgiverisetounpleasantfeelings.Unfortunately，moderndriverscan'tevenlearntodrive，letalonemastertheroadmanship（公路駕車技能）.Yearsago,expertswarnedusthatthefastincreaseofthecarownershipwoulddemandmoregive-and-take（互諒互讓）fromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.【語篇解讀】隨著車輛的增多，很多司機都有可怕的路怒癥，甚至不知道什么是文明交通。專家們呼吁，司機應該互諒互讓，將文明駕駛牢記在心。1．Thepassagemainlytalksabout ．A．trafficjams B．goodmannersC．roadpoliteness D．moderndriversC［考查主旨大意。根據文章第二段第一句Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butagoodsense.及第三段第一句However，misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.可知，本文主要圍繞道路文明禮貌行為展開論述。故選C項。］2．Troublesontheroadareoftencausedby ．A．trafficjamsB．thebehaviorofthedriversC．thegreatspeedofmodernlifeD．terribleroadconditionsB［考查推理判斷。根據文章第一段第二句Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel.可知，大家都知道，平時非常紳士的人在開車的時候也會變成一只猛虎。再根據文中對道路上司機們的種種行為的描述可判斷，公路上的麻煩主要是由司機的行為引起的。故選B項。］3．Accordingtothewriter，agooddrivershould ．A．encouragechildrentocrosstheroadwhenevertheywanttoB．beatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedrivingC．beabletorecognizepolitenesswhenheseesitD．joininatrafficstreamquicklyhoweverotherpeoplefeelC［考查細節(jié)理解。根據文章第二段最后一句Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.可知，在看到禮貌行為時，一個好司機應當能夠對此有所認知。故選C項。］4．Itisnotalwaysrightfordriversto ．A．mastertheroadmanshipB．neglectpolitenesswhentheyseeitC．giveafriendlynodinanswertoanactofpolitenessD．encourageoldladiestocrosstheroadwheneverandwherevertheywanttoD［考查細節(jié)理解。根據第三段最后一句Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheywantto.可知，給老人讓路，讓他們隨意過馬路的禮貌行為是不對的。故選D項。］C（2017年云南高三年級11?？鐓^(qū)調研考試）Spider（蜘蛛）webshavesomethingincommonwithguitarstrings.Thelong，thinstringsonaguitarcanvibrate（振動）.Theymovebackandforth,orfromsidetoside.Sodowebsmadebyspiders.Thelinesofsilktheyproducecancarryvibrations.Thismovementgivesthesmallcreatureinformationaboutwhatlandedontheweb.Spidershaveeightlegsandusuallyeighteyes.Theanimalsbuildwebswiththeirownsoft，naturally-madesilk.Andmuchlikeplayingthestringsofaguitar，aspidercansendoutvibrationsacrossitswebovermanydifferentfrequencies（頻率）.Spiderscatchtheirfood,usuallyinsectsintheirwebs.Theymakesmallmovements,whichspreadacrosstheirwebs.Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb—maybeapossiblemate,orsomethingtastytoeat.Vibrationsarenotjustusedtospotwhatisfordinner.Theyarealsoimportantincourship（求愛），solotsofmaleswillactuallycreateaveryspecifickindofmusicalpatternwhichthefemalescanusetodeterminenotonlythatthey'reamale,butthey'retherightspecies,andwhethertheymightwanttomatewiththemaswell.Spidersmaketheirownvibrationstofindouttheconditionofthewebs.Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial，theycaneffectivelycontrolhowinformationisgettingtothemwhentheyhangoutinthemiddleoftheweb.Spidershaveaspecialabilitytoshapethephysicalnatureoftheirself-madematerialsandcreations.Scientiststhinkthatspidersilkmayhavechangedovertimeforthispurpose.【語篇解讀】本文介紹了蜘蛛吐出的蛛絲可以傳播不同頻率的振動，這些振動讓它們知道蜘蛛網上落下了什么東西并且這些振動在求愛中也非常重要。1．Howdoesaspiderfeelthataninsectiscaughtintheweb?A．Throughitssenseofsight.B．Throughvibrationsofitsweb.C．Throughdifferentfrequencies.D．Throughamusicalpattern.B［考查細節(jié)理解。根據第二段的“Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb”可知，蜘蛛可以通過蛛網的振動知道有東西落到蛛網了。故選B項。］2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inParagraph2probablyreferto?A．Insects. B．Strings.C．Spiders. D．Vibrations.A［考查代詞指代。根據第二段的“Spiderscatchtheirfood，usuallyinsectsintheirwebs.Theymakesmallmovements，whichspreadacrosstheirwebs”可知，蜘蛛在它們的蛛網上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆蟲。它們制造出傳遍整張蛛網的小振動。所以They指代的是昆蟲。］3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Silkproducesvibrationsasthestringsofaguitardo.B．Femalespidersmakespecialsoundstoattractapartner.C．Huntingwillbehardforspidersifthesilkisloose.D．Thetightnessofsilkcan'tbeadjustedonceit'smade.C［考查細節(jié)理解。根據第四段的“Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial，theycaneffectivelycontrolhowinformationisgettingtothem”可知，蛛網的緊密度對蜘蛛捕獵至關重要，故選C項。］［干擾項分析］根據第一段的第一句"Spider（蜘蛛）webshavesomethingincommonwithguitarstrings”可知，蛛網和吉他弦有一些共同之處，故排除A。根據第三段的“solotsofmaleswillactually...they'reamale”可排除B。根據第四段的“Bhemiddleoftheweb”可知，蜘蛛可以控制材料的緊密度，它們可以有效地調整蛛網的屬性，故可排除D項。4．Thetextmainlytellsreaders ．A．guitarsandspiderwebsaresimilarB．spiderwebshavevariousfunctionsC．spidersareskillfulinhuntinginsectsD．vibrationsarevitalinaspider'slifeD［考查主旨大意。根據整篇文章的敘述，尤其是“Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb—maybeapossiblemate,orsomethingtastytoeat”可知，D項正確。］D（2018?貴陽市摸底考試）It'sgoodtomakemistakes，andhereiswhy.Firstofall，mistakesareaclearsignthatwearetryingnewthings.It'salwaysgoodtotrynewthingsbecausewhenwearetryingnewthings，wearegrowing.Ifwenevertryanythingnew，howcanweimprove？Thesimpleansweris，“Wecan't”．Anothergoodthingaboutmistakesisthatwhenwearemakingthem，wearelearning.Considerthis—Edisonfailed10,000timesbeforeheperfectedthelightbulb.Whenaskedhowitfelttofailthatmanytimes，hesaidthathehadlearned10,000thingsthatdidn'twork.Whenwemakeamistake，wearemuchclosertosuccess.Becauseeverytimewemakeamistake，weeliminateoneofthethingsthatkeepusfromsuccess.Butallthisdoesn'tmeanthatweshouldgothroughlifewithoutconsideringtheconsequencesofamistake.Instead，whenwetrysomethingnew，wehavetobewillingtosetsomereasonablelimitssothatintheeventthatitdoesn'tworkoutthewaywewantitto，wewillbeinapositiontotryagain.Weallhavelimitedresources—intheformoftimeandmoney—soweshouldn'tblowthemallononeapproachtoaproblem.It'sbestthatwerealizeitprobablywon'tbeperfectforthefirsttimeandallocatetheseresourcesappropriatelysowecanlearn，makecorrections，andtryagain.Onlybyacceptingandusingourmistakesinthiswaycanwemakesignificantadvancesinourlives.Thereisanoldsayingthatgoes，“Ifyou'renotmakingmistakes，you'renottryinghardenough”．Sogoforthandmakemistakes.1．Whichcanbeusedtoreplacetheunderlinedword“eliminate”inParagraph4?A．makeupforB．getridofC．acceptD．expect2．Whatdoweknowfromthefifthparagraph?A．Weshouldignorethepossibleconsequences.B．Weshouldaccepttheoutcomewillingly.C．Weshouldmakesomelimitsforournexttry.D．Weshouldavoidmakingthesamemistakes.3．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Dealingwithmistakes.B．Makingmistakes.C．Makingprogress.D．Benefitingfrommistakes.4．Whatmaythewritersuggestwesaytoourselveswhenmakingamistake?A．Nevermind，Itriedmybest.B．Great！NowIhavelearnedsomething.C．Thisisawasteoftime.D．Lookatthismess.Ishouldjustgiveup.【解題導語】本文主要介紹犯錯的一些好處以及利用錯誤獲得成功的策略。【難句分析】Whenaskedhowitfelttofailthatmanytimes,hesaidthathehadlearned10,000thingsthatdidn'twork.分析：本句是一一個復合句。Whenaskedhowitfelttofailthatmanytimes是「一個省略句，當主句與從句主語一致，并且從句中含有be動詞時，從句的主語和be動詞可以省略，從句補充完整應該是：Whenhewasaskedhowitfelttofailthatmanytimes；第一個that為副詞，意為“那么”；第二個that引導賓語從句，在從句中不作句子成分；第三個that引導定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞10,000things。譯文：當被問及失敗那么多次的感受時，他說他已經知道了一萬種不適合（作燈泡）的東西。B考查詞義猜測。根據第四段第一句"Whenwemakeamistake,wearemuchclosertosuccess”并結合對畫線詞所在句的理解可知，當犯錯誤時，我們就除去了一些阻礙成功的因素。由此可推知，eliminate與getridof意思相近，意為“除去”，故選B。C考查細節(jié)理解。根據第五段第二句"Instead,whenwetrysomethingnew,wehavetobewillingtosetsomereasonablelimits”可知，我們應該為下一次嘗試設置一些合理的限度，故選C。A項和B項與第五段第一句"Butallthisdoesn'tmeanthatweshouldgothroughlifewithoutconsideringtheconsequencesofamistake”不符；D項錯在我們應該避免犯同樣的錯誤,文章中并沒有明確提到,故排除。D考查主旨大意。根據文章第一段"It'sgoodtomakemistakes,andhereis亞卜丫”的開篇點題,并結合對全文的整體理解可知,本文主要講述犯錯誤的一些好處,以及利用這些錯誤獲得成功的策略，故選D。B考查推理判斷。根據第三段第一句“Anothergoodthingaboutmistakesisthatwhenwearemakingthem,wearelearning”可推知，當犯錯誤時，我們要意識到我們也是在學習，從而更接近成功；本段中愛迪生改進燈泡的例證也告訴我們，當我們犯錯時，我們可以告訴自己：“很好！現(xiàn)在我學到了一些東西”，故選B。E（2017?湖南十三校第一次聯(lián)考）Withfastfoodandconvenienceatourfingertipsoneverycornerandateveryturn,itisbecomingincreasinglyhardtostayinshape.Stayinghealthyhasbeenmoreandmoredifficultformanyofthecommonpeople.Toopposethiswewouldliketoarmyouwithfourwaysofstayinghealthyandfeelinggreat.Youreallyarewhatyoueat.It'strue,andthere'snowayaroundit.Youcan'tbesittingtherestaringatthatplateoffriedchicken,hopingthatyouwillfeelamazedlaterintheday.Wehavetobeinrealityaboutwhatweeat.Ifweareputtingdeadandfriedfoodinourbellies,whatisgoingtocomeoutisexhaustedenergyandillness.Enjoythesun.Enjoythesunshine,orthewindorcoldforthatmatter.Inotherwords,getoutside.Takeawalk.Doiteverysingleday.Youdon'thavetobedoingintenseandheavyrunsdayinanddayout,butyoudoneedtobemoving.Yousee,ahealthymetabolism（新陳代謝）willonlycomefromanactivelifestyle.Thosewhohaveasedentaryliving,sittinginofficechairsorhardlymoving,willhavebodiesadaptedtothatlifestyle.Butifyourbodythinksthatitneedstoburn,thenitwillgetinthehabitofburning.Shoparoundtheoutsideofthegrocerystore.Thisisbecomingmoreandmoreofapopularsayingamonghealth-foodadvocates.Theinnerpassagesarefarmorelikelytobefilledwithpreservatives（防腐劑）andchemicalstokeepthoseboxedandpackagedfoodsfreshforlongperiodsoftime.Yeteatingfreshfruits,vegetables,unprocessedmeatsandsoforthwillkeepnutrient-densefoodsgoingthroughyourbody.Themorelivingitemsyouconsume,themorehelptheywillbeabletobetoyourimmunesystemandyourtotalbodyhealth.Water.Yes,simplyandwithoutend,water.Youneedthisforeverysinglefunctionthatyourbodyperforms.Whenyougetupinthemorning,beforeyouputanythingelseonyourtongue,drinkaquartortwo.Builduptheamountyouconsumeeachday.Anoptionforwaterinsteadofotherpick-me-ups.Daybydayyourbodywillrealizethatyouaregoingtobemorethoroughlyhydrating,anditwillkeepyoufeelinghealthyasyoucanbe.【語篇解讀】隨著觸手可及的快餐以及便捷舒適的生活方式越來越普及，現(xiàn)在的人們想保持身材已并非易事；對于大多數(shù)普通人來說，保持健康也變得愈加困難，本文就如何保持健康給出了一些建議。1．Accordingtotheauthor,whatmakesitdifficulttokeephealthy?A．Peoplearetoobusytotakeexercise.B．Ourlifebecomesmoreandmoreconvenient.C．Peopleareusedtolivingalazylife.D．Thestoresarearoundourhouses.B［考查推理判斷。根據第一段第一、二句"Withfastfoodandconvenienceatourfingertipsoneverycorner...itisbecomingincreasinglyhardtostayinshape.Stayinghealthyhasbeenmoreandmoredifficult...”可知，由于人們生活中的便利舒適越來越多，減少了活動量，從而導致健康水平也在下降。故選B項。］2．Whenisthebesttimetodrinkwater?A．Aftergettingupinthemorning.B．Afterfinishingyourlunch.C．Beforegoingtobed.D．Afterbreakfast.A［考查細節(jié)理解。根據Water部分的“Whenyougetupinthemorning,beforeyouputanythingelseonyourtongue，drinkaquartortwo.”可知，最好在早上起床后喝水。故選A項。］3．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．WearewhatweeatB．TipsforstayinghealthyC．It'sbettertoshoparoundD．WaterisveryimportantforourbodyB［考查主旨大意。根據第一段最后一句以及下文中的幾點建議可知，本文是針對如何保持健康給出的幾條建議。故選B項。］專題1-主旨大意（二）A（2017?湖北武漢武昌區(qū)高三年級調研考試）IfeltlikeIhadclickedmyheelsthreetimesandcometoacountryawayfromhomeeverymorningasIwalkedthroughthedoorsattheEmbassyofAustraliainWashington.MusicalAussieaccentsandAboriginalartexhibitsmademewonderifIhadenteredwithoutavisa.InfactIwasatemporaryemployee,apublicaffairsunpaidintern（實習生）forthreemonthsduringthesummerinordertoengagemyselfinthecultureofthecountrywhereIplannedtostudythenextspring.DuringthesummerIreadtheAustraliannewseveryday.WorkingattheembassyallowedmetoescapetheU．S.forsixhoursperdayandlearnaboutwhatwasgoingonacrosstheplanet.AfterreadingthedailyAustralianandU．S.newsIusuallyhelpedprepareaPowerPointpresentationforschoolkidswhovisitedtheembassyaspartofaschoolactivity.Dependingonwhetheranembassyeventwasgoingon,IwouldattendweeklymeetingstolistentoplanningandseewhatIcoulddotohelp.Usuallythereweresmallertaskstobedonesuchascreatingvisitors'guides.ThemostfantasticeventinwhichIparticipatedwasthevisitoftheAustralianPrimeMinister.AstheonlyAmericanamongcountlessAustralianmediaandstaff,IfeltcomfortableandwaskeptbusytakingpicturesandrecordingdoorstopinterviewsatfamoussitessuchastheCapitol.Asanintern,youwillnotbeexposedtotop-secretinformation,butyouareontheinsidewhenitcomestospecialevents.Governmentworkisausefuladditiontoone'sexperience.Asanembassyemployeeyouwillgaininvaluableknowledgewhilespendingyoursummerinaculturallydiverseworkplace.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者為了要到澳大利亞學習提前在位于華盛頓的澳大利亞駐美國大使館實習的經歷。1．Whatistheauthortalkingabout?A．Herembassyinternship.B．Hertroubleinfindingajob.C．Herforeigncultureexperience.D．Herpreparationforfutureemployment.A［考查主旨大意。根據全文大意可知，作者主要講述了她在位于華盛頓的澳大利亞駐美國大使館實習的經歷。］2．WhywastheauthorintheEmbassyofAustraliaforthreemonths?A．Toapplyforavisa.B．TopreparetostudyinAustralia.C．TorecordmusicalAussieaccents.D．ToappreciateAboriginalartexhibits.B［考查細節(jié)理解。根據第一段最后一句中的“inordertoengagemyselfinthecultureofthecountrywhereIplannedtostudythenextspring”可知，作者實習的原因是讓自己融入澳大利亞的文化中，因為明年春天她要去那里學習，故答案為B。］3．WhatwastheauthorforbiddentodowhentheAustralianPrimeMinistervisitedAmerica?A．Recorddoorstopinterviews.B．Knowtop-secretinformation.C．Takepicturesofspecialevents.D．StandamongtheAustralianstaff.B［考查細節(jié)理解。根據倒數(shù)第二段最后一句中的“youwillnotbeexposedtotop-secretinformation”可知，實習生不會接觸到絕密信息，故選B。］4．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor'sdailyroutineattheEmbassy?A．Itistiring. B．Itisboring.C．Itisexciting. D．Itisrelaxing.C［考查推理判斷。根據第三段第一句中的“Themostfantasticevent”以及最后一段中的“ausefuladdition”和“gaininvaluableknowledge”可知，作者對這次經歷的描述是非常積極和正面的，因此可以推斷出，在大使館工作是令作者興奮的。］B（2017?長春七校第一次聯(lián)考）ThereisapopularsayingintheEnglishlanguage：“Sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones，butwordswillneverhurtme.”Well，thatisnottrue.Unkindwords，name-callingoreventheso-called“thesilenttreatment”canhurtchildrenasmuchasbeingphysicallyhit，sometimesevenmoreso.Arecentstudyofmiddleschoolchildrenshowedthatverbal（言語的）abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain.ThestudywasaprojectofresearchersatHarvardMedicalschoolinMassachusetts.ResearcherMartinTeicherandhisteamstudiedyoungadults，aged18to25.Theseyoungmenandwomenhadnoteverbeentreatedinacruelorviolentwaybytheirparents.Theresearchersaskedtheyoungpeopletoratetheirchildhoodexposuretoverbalabusefrombothparentsandotherchildren.Thentheresearchersperformedimagingtestsonthebrainsofthesubjects.Theimagesshowedthatthepeoplewhoreportedsufferingverbalabusefrompeersinmiddleschoolhadunderdevelopedconnectionsbetweentheleftandrightsideofthebrain.Thetwosidesofthebrainareconnectedbyalargebundleofconnectingfiberscalledthecorpuscallosum.Thiswastheareathatwasunderdeveloped.Themiddleschoolyearsareatimewhenthesebrainconnectionsaredeveloping.So，unkind，hurtfulcommentsfromchildrenoradultsduringthisperiodhavethegreatesteffect.Theresearcherstestedthementalandemotionalconditionofalltheyoungpeopleinthestudy.Thetestsshowedthatthissamegroupofpeoplehadhigherlevelsoffear，depression，angeranddrugabusethanothersinthestudy.TheresearcherspublishedtheirfindingsonlineontheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry'swebsite.Parentscannotcontrolwhatotherpeoplesaytotheirchildren，buttheycanpreparetheirchildren.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。馬薩諸塞州哈佛醫(yī)學院的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，語言暴力會干擾大腦神經的連接，對孩子的大腦發(fā)育造成不良影響。1．Whydoestheauthorusethepopularsayingatthebeginning?A．Toshowthepowerofwords.B．Tointroduceanoppositeview.C．Toprovetheauthor'sargument.D．Toshowancientpeople'swisdom.B［考查作者意圖。引用名人名言、諺語等是文章開篇的常見寫作方式，且大多用來引出文章的話題。但是根據此諺語后面的“Well,thatisnottrue.Unkindwords,name-callingoreventheso-called‘thesilenttreatment’canhurtchildrenasmuchasbeingphysicallyhit，sometimesevenmoreso”可知，本文弓［用這個諺語恰恰是為了引出一個不同的或者說是相反的觀點，故選B。］2．Whatdidthesubjectshaveincommon?A．Theywerehurtbyunkindwords.B．Theyperformedpoorlyinimagingtests.C．Theyhadtheirbrainslightlydamaged.D．Theyexperiencednophysicalabuseathome.D［考查細節(jié)理解。根據第二段中的“Theseyoungmenandwomenhadnoteverbeentreatedinacruelorviolentwaybytheirparents”可知，這些實驗對象都沒有遭受過父母的殘酷或暴力對待,也就是說,他們在家里都沒受到過身體上的虐待。故選D。］［干擾項分析］部分學生會誤選A項，原因在于學生看到了第三段中的“reportedsufferingverbalabusefrompeersinmiddleschool”而誤認為所有的實驗對象都遭受過語言暴力，但是根據前面的“thepeoplewho”可知，并非所有實驗對象都遭受過語言暴力。3．Whatwillbediscussedinthenextparagraph?A．Commentsonthefindings.B．Approachestofurtherstudies.C．Suggestionstoparents.D．Differentopinionsonthematter.C［考查推理判斷。根據文章最后一段“Parentscannotcontrolwhatotherpeoplesaytotheirchildren，buttheycanpreparetheirchildren”可知，作者接下來應該會就“父母如何幫助自己的孩子為可能遭受的語言暴力做好準備，使他們不會受到語言暴力的影響”給出一些方法或建議。故選C。］4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Thewaywespeakmatters.B．Verbalviolenceshouldbestopped.C．Unkindwordshurtthebrain.D．Wordsareworsethansticksandstones.C［考查主旨要義。文章介紹了語言暴力對孩子的不良影響，再根據文中的“verbal（言語的）abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain”可以看出，其影響主要體現(xiàn)在孩子的大腦發(fā)育方面。故選C。］CForyears，IthoughtthatmymotherwouldbecomeaCentenarian（百歲老人），butafter98yearsandeightmonths，sherecentlydiedofoldage.Asitwaswithmyfather，herfuneraltookplaceinthemostpeacefulsettingofthecountrysideofruralWashingtonCounty.Evenaftermyfatherdied，wecontinuedtothinkofourparentsasone．Theywereateaminthetraditionalsense.Churchandfamilyweretheirlifelines.Theyworkedhard，nevercomplaining.Theyexpectedtoearntheirdailybreadbythesweatoftheirbrow.OnceduringaconversationwithTomBrokaw，whowrotethebest-sellingbookTheGreatestGeneration，Itoldhim，“Youleftoutmyparents.”Theydidn'tgoofftowar，buttheybelongedtotheGreatestGeneration.They，too，werepartofthefoundationthatmadeAmericatrulygreat.Theykeptthehomefiresburning.Ourmothergloriedinbeingahousewifeandmother.Havingbeenateacherinherearlyadultyears，wheneducationwasmoreimportantthananythingelse，shegaveupherjobtoraiseafamily.Shewasanexcellentcook，butshehadtocookonawoodstove.Therewasnorefrigerator，nothingelectric.Butnobodywaseverbetteratmakingdo.Inadditiontoallthehouseholdchoresandresponsibilities，shewenttothefieldseverydaytohelpproduceacroptopaytherentandtoprovideforthefamily.Sheandmydadworkedhardtosaveeverypennypossible.Theysavedeverypennytobuyafarmlateinlife.Theyalsosavedenoughmoneytoliveouttheirrespectiveliveswithhomecarewithouttakingupresidencyinanursinghome.Theywerefiercelyindependent.Ifyouhadsuggestedtheyacceptagovernmenttransferpayment，theywouldhavespitinyoureye..Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．MotherplayedagreatpartinthefamilyB．Motherdiedattheageof98yearsoldC．MotherwasburiedbythesideoffatherD．Mothersurvivedfatherbymanyyears2.Theunderlinedpart“one”inthefirstparagraphmeans ．A．parent B．centenarianC．hero D．entirety3．WhatdoweknowaboutTomBrokaw?A．Heisoneoftheauthor'sparents'friends.B．Helikestalkingwiththeauthor'sparents.C．Hetakesupapositionasawriter.D．Heisgoodatmanagingahome.4．Howdoestheauthorfindhisparents?A．Braveandhardworking.B．Modestandwarmhearted.C．Economicalandindependent.D．Respectiveandsatisfied.【解析】【解題導語】本文是一篇記敘文，屬于人生百味類短文閱讀。母親像眾多的家庭婦女一樣，為了家人的健康和生活無怨無悔地辛苦了一生，和父親一起為了這個家奉獻了一生。.解析：選人。主旨大意題。作者從母親的離世談起，談到母親為了家人，放棄了自己喜歡的工作，為了家人無怨無悔地奉獻了一生。故選A。.解析：選D。詞義猜測題。根據第一段中的“Evenaftermyfatherdied，wecontinuedtothinkofourparentsasone.”可知，家人總是把父母看作是一個整體。故選D。.解析：選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段TomBrokaw寫的書TheGreatestGeneration很暢銷，可知他是一名作家。故選C。.解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據最后一段可知，在作者眼中他的父母節(jié)約每一分錢過生活，不喜歡接受他人的施舍。故選C。DLifeaffectsfriendships.Aswegrow,marry,fightinwars,moveacrossthecountryorchangejobs,oldfriendshipsfallawayandnewonesform.Aslongaswelive,thethingsarounduschange,andaslongasthingschange,friendshipsareaffected.Whenwewerechildrenwehadbestfriends.Nomatterwhathappenedwewerestillfriends.Weliveourlives,however,anddowhatlifecallsforustodo,andaswegetolder,memoriesfade,facesblur,andevenfriends'namesfromchildhoodareforgotten.Doyouhaveaquestionaboutfriendship?Doyouwonderwhattodowithafriendwhoisnolongerfriendly?Perhapsyouwillseethatyoucan'tcontrolothers.Ifsomeonewantstobeyourfriend,itistheirchoice.Allyoucandoistreatthemwellanddothebestforthemwhenyouarewiththem.Thenyouwishthemwellwhentheyleave.Youcantalktooldtimersandtheywilltellyouthatlifeisfullofincrediblejoyandincrediblesorrow,andthatwhatbothersyoutodaywillonedaybecomesamemoryandthesting（痛苦）willbegone.Seniorsmighttellyouthatyouwilllearnmoreasyougetolder.Theywilltellyouthatfriendshipscomeandfriendshipsgo.Sometimeswhentheygoitwillhurt,butyouwillbeokaywithit.It'sthewaylifeworks,afterall..Whatcanwelearnaboutfriendship,accordingtothetext?A.Friendshipcannotbeeasilyaffectedbyone'sfamily.B.Friendsarealwaysaroundusan