2021學(xué)年第二學(xué)期高三英語(yǔ)適應(yīng)性練習(xí)

2021學(xué)年第二學(xué)期高三英語(yǔ)適應(yīng)性練習(xí)

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（時(shí)間120分鐘）考生注意：.本練習(xí)共12頁(yè)。練習(xí)時(shí)間120分鐘。.答題前，考生務(wù)必在答題紙上用鋼筆或水筆清楚填寫(xiě)姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)，并用鉛筆正確涂寫(xiě)準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)。.答案必須全部涂寫(xiě)在答題紙上。選擇題使用2B鉛筆涂點(diǎn)，其他試題不可使用鉛筆作答。ListeningprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper;anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard..【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Atachurch.B.Atasnackbar.C.Ataphotostudio.D.Atabeautysalon.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Adoublecheeseburger,somelargecurlyfriesandamediumPepsi.M:Ok.Yourtotalis$6.88.Eatinortakeaway?Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablylakeplace?.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Waiter.B.Doctor.C.Mechanic.D.Driver.【答案】C【解析】［原文】W:HowmuchshouldIpay?M:Well,Ihavepaintedthescratchonthefrontleftdoorandadjusted(hebrakes,soitwouldbe$130.Q:What'sprobablytheman?sjob?.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Supportive.A.Supportive.A.Supportive.B.Negative.C.Unconcerned.D.Neutral.A.Supportive.B.Negative.C.Unconcerned.D.Neutral.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)的部落部門(mén)經(jīng)理hispcrCamcLMcans說(shuō)，在魚(yú)類和野生動(dòng)物管理局的監(jiān)督下，那里的展品之前用了不同部落的詞來(lái)形容野牛，他們不會(huì)接受。根據(jù)句意，可用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would或者could與動(dòng)詞原形accept構(gòu)謂語(yǔ)。故填would/couldo【28題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：游客中心現(xiàn)已開(kāi)放，展出的新展品更好地反映了部落參與野牛保護(hù)的情況。分析句子可知，feature（以為特色，以為主要組成）是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)Thevisitorcenter之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。故填featuring?！?9題詳解】考查原因狀語(yǔ)從句和連詞。句意：我們聽(tīng)長(zhǎng)輩說(shuō)一些我們必須保護(hù)的東西，因?yàn)槿绻覀儾话阉旁谀抢?，我們就?huì)失去它給我們的東西。根據(jù)句意，前后文是因果關(guān)系,“ifwedon'tputitoutthere,welosewhatitgivestousv是wsomestuffwehavetoprotectM的原因,用從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。故填because?！?。題詳解】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：這些部落正在努力建造一個(gè)更大的博物館，它將更靠近美國(guó)93號(hào)公路。根據(jù)句意和下文usharetheirhistorywithmorepeoplen可推知，一個(gè)更大的博物館能與更多的人分享歷史，應(yīng)使用比較級(jí)。故填bigger。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.nutritionalB.objectedC.sustainableD.parisonE.motivationalF.projectedG.necessarilyH.popularityI.unsweetenedJ.previouslyK.sourcePlant-basedMilkTherearenutritionaldifferencesbetweentypesofmilk,fromoattosoytocow's.Plant-basedmilkshavebeengrowingin31foryears,butthenutritionalcontentofdifferentmilksandmilkalternativesvary,withdisagreementsbetweenbrandsloo.Theglobaldairyalternativesmarketis32togrowfrom$22.25billionin2021to$53,97billionin2028,accordingtoareportbyFortuneBusinessInsights.InFebruary2022,theworld'sfirstpotatomilklaunchedintheUK,whichbillsitselfas“themost33plant-baseddairyalternativeonthemarket.”Whilesomepeoplechoosedairyalternatives,cowsmilkisanexcellent34ofcalcium,protein.andvitaminDll'salsoworkingbetterthanwaterwhenpeoplefeelthirsty,accordingtoasmallstudybyStAndrewsUniversityinScotland.However,somepeoplestayawayfromdairybecauseofintoleranceofthemouthfeelorenvironmentalconcerns,andforsome,the35factorishealth.Nutritionalreportsofmilksvary,withsomeofferingmorefiber,fat,protein,carbs,sugar,andcaloriesthanothers.Dietitiansremendchoosingfortifiedplant-basedmilks.Plant-basedmilksarenot36"healthier”thandairy,andwhenfollowingaplant-baseddiet,dietitiansremendensuringyourdairy-freemilkalternativesarefortifiedwithessentialvitaminsandminerals.4tFortifiedmeansthattheyareaddedbythemanufacturerandsowillbeontheingredientslist,oradvertisedonthefront,dietitianNicholaLudlam-Rainc37toldInsider.“ChoosemilkalternativesthatarefortifiedwithvitaminssuchasvitaminB12andvitaminD,inadditiontothemineralscalciumandiodine,“shesaid.The38contentofmilkvariesintermsofprotein,carbs,andfiber.Cow'smilk,fbrexample,containslotsofcalciumandvitaminD,aswellasprotein.Soymilkisoftenfortifiedwithcalcium,andisalsohighinprotein.For(hepurposeofthis39.Insiderselectedpopularbrandsofeachmilk,selecting40optionswhereverpossible,percup.Here'ssomenutritionalinformationonourwebsitetobearinmindwhenchoosingwhichmilktohaveinyourcoffee,onyourcereal,oralongsideacookie.【答案】31.H32.F33.C34.K35.E36.G37.J38.A39.D40.1【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要介紹了植物性乳制品是可以替代牛奶。[31題詳解】考查名詞。句意：植物性牛奶多年來(lái)越來(lái)越受歡迎，但不同牛奶和牛奶替代品的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分不同，品牌之間也存在分歧。分析可知，空前是介詞，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞，根據(jù)后文“Theglobaldairyalternativesmarketis2togrowfromS22.25billionin2021to$53.97billionin2028”可知,牛奶市場(chǎng)越來(lái)越大,所以空處應(yīng)選popularity意為“受歡迎”，符合句意。故選H項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：根據(jù)《財(cái)富》商業(yè)觀察的一份報(bào)告，全球乳制品替代品市場(chǎng)預(yù)計(jì)將從2021年的222.5億美元增長(zhǎng)到2028年的539.7億美元。根據(jù)后文中“I。$53.97billionin2028”，可推測(cè)，現(xiàn)在還未到2028年,所以應(yīng)該是表預(yù)測(cè)，所以應(yīng)填project意為“預(yù)測(cè)”，又本句主語(yǔ)是market與project之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，空前已有be動(dòng)詞is,空處用project的過(guò)去分詞。故選F項(xiàng)[33題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：2022年2月，世界上第一款土豆牛奶在英國(guó)推出，它標(biāo)榜自己是“市場(chǎng)上最可持續(xù)的植物性乳制品替代品”。根據(jù)空前的themost可知空處應(yīng)填形容詞，表示“最……的”，此處分析選項(xiàng)，可知應(yīng)在A,C,E,I中選，帶入句子中，可知sustainable意為“可持續(xù)的”符合句意。故選C項(xiàng)?？疾槊~。句意：雖然有些人會(huì)選擇乳制品的替代品，但牛奶是鈣、蛋白質(zhì)和維生素D的極佳來(lái)源。根據(jù)空前是excellent為形容詞，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞，再根據(jù)空后“ofcalcium,prolein,andvilaminD”可知，應(yīng)選source意為“來(lái)源”，符合句意。故選K項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：然而，有些人不吃乳制品是因?yàn)閷?duì)?口感的不耐受或?qū)?環(huán)境的擔(dān)憂，對(duì)另一些人來(lái)說(shuō)，健康是激勵(lì)因素。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空前是冠詞the,空后是名詞factor,所以空處應(yīng)填形容詞，根據(jù)后文“factorishealth.”可推知,此處應(yīng)填motivational意為“激勵(lì)的”，激勵(lì)因素是健康,符合句意。故選E項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查副詞。句意：植物性牛奶不?定比乳制品“更健康”，在遵循植物性飲食時(shí)，營(yíng)養(yǎng)師建議確保不含乳制品的牛奶替代品含有必要的維生素和礦物質(zhì)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾空后的healthier,應(yīng)用副詞，根據(jù)后文“whenfollowingaplant-baseddiet,dietitiansremendensuringyourdairy-freemilkalternativesarefortifiedwithessentialvitaminsandmineralsM可知本句表達(dá)意思為植物性牛奶不一定比乳制品“更健康”，所以應(yīng)選necessarily意為“必然地”，符合句意。故選G項(xiàng)。【37題詳解】考查副詞。句意：營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家尼古拉?拉德拉姆-雷恩此前告訴Inside亡“強(qiáng)化意味著制造商添加了它們，所以它們會(huì)出現(xiàn)在配料表上，或在食品包裝上?！狈治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾空后的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用副詞，用排除法,分析句子選項(xiàng)可知G,J為副詞，帶入句子中可知，previously意為“先前”符合句意，表示此前告訴之意。故選J項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：牛奶的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分在蛋白質(zhì)、碳水化合物和纖維方面各不相同。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空前是冠詞the,空后是名詞content,所以空處應(yīng)填形容詞，再根據(jù)后文“intermsofprotein,carbs,andfiber”,此處說(shuō)的是牛奶的營(yíng)養(yǎng)，所以應(yīng)先nulritional“營(yíng)養(yǎng)的”，符合句意。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考杳名詞。句意：為了進(jìn)行比較，Insider選擇了每種牛奶的流行品牌，每杯牛奶盡可能選擇不加糖的。根據(jù)空前是指示代詞，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞,在根據(jù)前文acontainslotsofcalciumandvitaminD.aswellasprotein.Soymilkisoftenfortifiedwithcalcium,andisalsohighinprotein."可知，這里是作比較,所以選parison意為“比較”，符合句意。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：為了進(jìn)行比較，Insider選擇了每種牛奶的流行品牌，每杯牛奶盡可能選擇不加糖的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空后是名詞options,所以空處應(yīng)填形容詞修飾，根據(jù)后文“Herdssomenutritionalinformationonourwebsitetobearinmindwhenchoosingwhichmilktohaveinyourcoffee,onyourcereal,oralongsideacookie.”可推知，營(yíng)養(yǎng)信息是為了健康，所以應(yīng)是選擇不加糖的牛奶，所以應(yīng)選unsweelened意為“未加糖的”，符合句意。故選I項(xiàng)。III.ReadingprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ItwasthoughtthatMicrobes(細(xì)菌)insediments—solidmaterialthatsettlesatthebottomofaliquidbeneaththeseafloordiedabove80℃,butscientistshavefoundsomethatcansun-iveupto120℃andpossiblyhighertemperatures.Thediscoveryshowsthatlifeinseafloorsedimentscansurvivehighertemperaturesthanpreviouslythought.“Iwouldthinkthatwhereverthere'senergythatcanbeexploitedbymicroorganisms,41find(s)away."saysTinaTreudeattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,itispossiblethatthereislifeatevenhighertemperatures.44Theonlywaytofindoutistogobackand42deeper,shesays,thoughinlabexperimentssofar,nomicrobeshavebeenfound(ogrowabove122℃.Theresearcherswerealsoableto43outandcountcellsusingaspecialdevice.Together,thefindingsshowthatrelativelyfewcellssurviveattheselemperalures,butthosethatdohaveveryhighmetabolic(新陳代謝的)rates.*4Itwasastonishinglyhigh,“saysTrcudc.Thissurprisedtheteambecauseitisthe44ofwhathasbeenfoundinshallowersediments,whereitismuchcolder.Microbesare45there,buttheirmetabolismsareextremelyslowandindividualmicrobesmightlivefbrmillionsofyears.At120℃,(hehealisdoingalolofdamagetocells,somicrobesmayneedhighmetabolismstogenerateenoughenergytorepairthisdamage.Itisa(n)46tostayalive,saysTreude.Itisn'tclearwhattheseheat-loving,orthermophilic,microbesare,astheteamwasunableto47theirDNA.Norisitclearhowtheycametobeinthesediments,giventhatthiswouldhavebeenaverycoldenvironmentforalongtimeafterthesedimentsthatthesamplescamefromwerefirst48.However,afewthermophilicmicrobeswouldhavebeenpresentwhenthesedimentsweredeposited,andtheymayhavesomehow49untiltemperaturesbegancoriseduetobeing50undermorematerial,saysteammemberFelixBeuligalAarhusUniversityinDenmark.Asthetemperaturesrose,allthemicrobesthatweren't5]ofheatwouldgraduallyhavediedoff,saysteammemberFlorianSchubertattheGermanResearchCentrefbrGeosciencesinPotsdam,"Themicrobesthatcannot52,theyjustdie,^^hesays.PatrickForterreatthePasteurInstituteinParissaysthatwhilethereare53resultsshowingmicrobegrowthat106℃,nobodyhasbeenabletoexactlycopythetwolabstudiesclaiminggrowthat122°C."It'sverydifficultto54theuppertemperaturelimit,“hesays.Heistherefore55oftheideaofmicrobeslivingnormallyat120℃,buthedocsthinkitispossiblethattheycouldsomehowsunivcandbecameactiveagainatlowertemperatures.41.A.lifeB.energyC.bacteriaD.voyage42.A.(hinkB.researchC.practiseD.drill43.A.spreadB.figureC.separateD.reach44.A.oppositeB.evidenceC.coincidenceD.resemblance45.A.moderateB.existentC.swiftD.plentiful46.A.gameB.approachC.raceD.solution47.A.explodeB.identifyC.locateD.attack48.A.formedB.depositedC.taggedD.covered49.A.stuckonB.movedawayC.diedoffD.runout50.A.exposedB.removedC.buriedD.washed51.A.tolerantB.afraidC.tiredD.careful52.A.translateB.adaptC.escapeD.furnish53.A.variousB.falseC.reliableD.different54.A.passB.breakC.outstepD.determine55.A.capableB.doubtfulC.sickD.ignorant【答案】41.A42.D43.C44.A45.D46.C47.B48.B49.A50.C51.A52.B53.C54.D55.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，?些微生物可以存活到12CTC甚至更高的溫度。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，海底沉積物中的生命可以在比之前認(rèn)為的更高的溫度下生存。[41題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我認(rèn)為只要有微生物可以利用的能量，生命就會(huì)找到一條出路。A.life生命；B.energy能量;C.bacteria細(xì)菌;D.voyage航行。由上文的°whereverthere'senergythatcanbeexploitedbymicroorganisms”和后文的“thereislifeatevenhighertemperatures”可知,句子表示“只要有微生物可以利用的能量，生命就會(huì)找到一條出路”，故選A。考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：唯一的辦法就是阿I去再往深處鉆。A.ihink思考；B.research研究；C.practise練習(xí)；D.drill鉆孔。由后文的“deeper”可知，此處表示往深處鉆，故選D。43題詳解】考杳動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：研究人員還能夠使用一種特殊的設(shè)備分離和計(jì)數(shù)細(xì)胞。A.spread傳播；B.figure理解,弄懂;C.separate分開(kāi);D.reach到達(dá)。由后文的"andcountcellsusingaspecialdevice”可知,研究人員使用一種特殊的設(shè)備分離和計(jì)數(shù)細(xì)胞，故選C?！?4題詳解】考杳名詞詞義辨析。句意：這讓研究小組感到驚訝，因?yàn)檫@與在較冷的淺層沉積物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況相反。A.opposite對(duì)立的人（或物）；B.evidence證據(jù)；C.coincidence巧合；D.resemblance相似之處。由上文的“Together,thefindingsshowthatrelativelyfewcellssurviveatthesetemperatures,butthosethatdohaveveryhighmetabolic（新陳代謝的）rates”和后文的“whereitismuchcolder”可知，這與在較冷的淺層沉積物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況相反，空格處意為“對(duì)立的人（或物）"，故選A。【45題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那里有大量的微生物，但它們的新陳代謝極其緩慢，單個(gè)微生物可能會(huì)存活數(shù)百萬(wàn)年。A.moderate溫和的；B.existent現(xiàn)存的；C.swift快速的；D.plentiful大量的。由后文的“individualmicrobes”可知，此處表示“那里有大量的微生物”，故選D?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：特魯?shù)抡f(shuō)，生存是■場(chǎng)賽跑。A.game游戲：B.approach方法；C.race賽跑；D.solution解決辦：去。由上文umicrobesmayneedhighmetabolismstogenerateenoughenergytorepairthisdamage”可知，微生物可能需要高代謝來(lái)產(chǎn)生足夠的能量來(lái)修復(fù)這種損傷，因此這是一場(chǎng)賽跑，故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：目前還不清楚這些喜熱或嗜熱的微生物是什么，因?yàn)檠芯繄F(tuán)隊(duì)無(wú)法識(shí)別它們的DNA。A.explode爆炸；B.identify識(shí)別；C.locate定位；D.attack攻擊。由上文的“Ilisn'tclearwhattheseheat-loving,orthermophilic,microbesaren可知，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)無(wú)法識(shí)別它們的DNA,所以目前還不清楚這些喜熱或嗜熱的微生物是什么，故選B?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：也不清楚它們是如何出現(xiàn)在沉積物中的，因?yàn)樵谶@些樣本所來(lái)自的沉積物第一次沉積下來(lái)之后，很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里，環(huán)境都非常寒冷。A.formed形成；B.deposited沉積；C.tagged給……貼標(biāo)簽;D.covered覆蓋。由上文的“thesedimentsthatthesamplescamefrom”和下一段的“thesedimentsweredeposited”可知，此處表示沉積物的沉積，故選B?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：然而，丹麥奧胡斯大學(xué)的研究小組成員菲利克斯?貝尤利格說(shuō)，當(dāng)沉積物沉積時(shí)，一些嗜熱微生物可能已經(jīng)存在了，由于被埋在更多的物質(zhì)下，它們可能以某種方式粘在上面，直到溫度開(kāi)始上升。A.stuckon貼t.；B.movedaway移開(kāi);C.diedoff相繼死亡;D.runout用完。由上文的“afewthermophilicmicrobeswouldhavebeenpresent”可知,當(dāng)沉積物沉積時(shí),一些嗜熱微生物可能已經(jīng)存在了?以某種方式粘在上面，故選A?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，丹麥奧胡斯大學(xué)的研究小組成員菲利克斯?貝尤利格說(shuō)，當(dāng)沉積物沉積時(shí)，一些嗜熱微生物可能已經(jīng)存在了，由于被埋在更多的物質(zhì)下，它們可能以某種方式粘在上面，直到溫度開(kāi)始上升。A.exposed暴露：B.removed去除；C.buried埋葬；D.washed洗。由后文的"undermorematerialv可知，此處表示“埋在更多的物質(zhì)下”，故選C。(51題詳解】考杳形容詞詞義辨析。句意：波茨坦德國(guó)地球科學(xué)研究中心的研究小組成員弗洛里安?舒伯特說(shuō)，隨著溫度的上升，所有不能耐受高溫的微生物都會(huì)逐漸死亡。A.tolerant忍受的;B.afraid害怕的；C.tired累的；D.careful仔細(xì)的。由后文的“graduallyhavediedoff"可知，此處表示不能耐受高溫的微生物都會(huì)逐漸死亡,空格處意為“忍受的”，故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：微生物不能適應(yīng)，它們就會(huì)死亡。A.iranslate翻譯;B.adapi適應(yīng)；C.escape逃跑:D.furnish為(房間或房屋)配備家具。由上文的“allthemicrobesthatweren't11ofheatwouldgraduallyhavediedoff”可知,微生物不能適應(yīng),它們就會(huì)死亡,故選B。[53題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：巴黎巴斯德研究所(PasteurInstitute)的帕特里克?福泰爾(PatrickForterre)表示，雖然有可靠的結(jié)果顯示微生物在106。(2下生長(zhǎng)，但沒(méi)有人能夠完全復(fù)制兩項(xiàng)聲稱微生物在122。(3下生長(zhǎng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究。A.various各種各樣的;B.false錯(cuò)誤的;C.reliable可靠的；D.的fferenl不同的。由后文的"nobodyhasbeenableloexactlycopy(hetwolabstudiesclaiminggrowthat122℃v可知,句子表示“雖然有可?靠的結(jié)果顯示微生物在106℃下生長(zhǎng)，但沒(méi)有人能夠完全復(fù)制兩項(xiàng)聲稱微生物在122℃下生長(zhǎng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究”，故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:很難確定溫度上限。A.pass經(jīng)過(guò);B.break打破；C.outstep超過(guò)；D.determine決定，確定。由上文的“nobodyhasbeenabletoexactlycopythetwolabstudiesclaiminggrowthat1220C”和下文的"theuppertemperaturelimit"可知，句子表示“很難確定溫度上限”,故選D?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。句意：因此，他對(duì)微生物在I2(rc下正常生存的想法持懷疑態(tài)度，但他認(rèn)為它們有可能在更低的溫度下以某種方式存活并再次活躍起來(lái)。A.capable有能力的；B.doublful懷疑的：C.sick病的：D.ignorant無(wú)知的。由后文的“hedoesthinkitispossiblethattheycouldsomehowsurviveandbecameactiveagainatlowerlemperalures.”可知，句子表示“他對(duì)微生物在120℃卜正常生存的想法持懷疑態(tài)度”，故選B。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Iusedtoprocrastinate(keepleavingthingsthatshouldbedoneuntillater).Yearsago,aneighborkidkickedafootballandshatteredasmallbasementwindowofourhouse.Wewereafamilyofsixlivingonasmallsalaryatthetime,so1boardeditup,thinkingI'dgettoitsomeday.However,theframewasrustedshut.Icouldn'tfixit.Overtheyears,Tdsometimesgetestimatesfromwindowpanies.Theplanwastoupgradetoenergy-efficientwindowsforthewholehouse.$15,000.Itwassimplyoutofreach.Onecontractorexplainedthatwhoeverreplaceditwouldneedtocutandshapebyhand,alabor-intensiveandexpensiveprocess.Honestly,thethoughtofthatwindowateatmeforyears.EverytimeIwentdownthere,everytimeIwenttothehardwarestore,itkepttroublingme.IknewIneededtoaddressit,butIhadbuiltuptheprocess(andtheprice)somuchinmymindthatIwasunabletoact.Thenmywifehadajobchange,andweneededtomove.Apotentialbuyercouldn'tgetaloanonthepropertyiftherewasabrokenwindow.SoIpulledoff(heboardstofacethisthinghead-on.Ithadbeenatleast5years.Igrabbedsomerustremover,sprayedallaround(herustedframe,andgaveitastrongpull.Tomyastonishment,i(movedforthefirst(ime.Ipulledthewindowoutandtookitdowntown.Itwasa$12fix.Icouldhavefixedtheproblemfor$12thesamedayithappened.ButIletithauntmeforyears,shuttingoutlightandlettinginbugs.Itdidn'tneedtobethemostefficient.Itjustneededtobeawindow.OK,thisisn'treallyaboutmywindow.1meanthestoryistrue,butit'salsoadecentfable.Manyofus,especiallythosewithanxiety,tendtolivewithbrokenwindowsofonetypeoranotherforyears.AfterIpostedmystoryonline,manysharedtheirstorieswithme.Onemenied,“Thisremindedmeofastatement,4Wesuflermoreinimaginationthaninreality.Anotherresponded,uThisiswhymybusinesspartnertellsme,'Perfectistheenemyofdone.'"Stepforward,andyou'llfindasolution.ByNathanHoweWhydidtheauthordelayfixingthebrokenwindowforyears?Hedevelopedatolerantattitude.Hewasconvincedthatthewindowwasbeyondrepair.Hethoughttherewasnoharmifleavingthewindowbroken.Hebelievedthewholeprocesstobetroublesomeandexpensive.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thethoughtofthatwindowateatme”inParagraph3?A.1(frightenedmeterribly.B.Itpuzzledmedeeply.C.Itmotivatedmeslightly.D.Itworriedmecontinuously.Whatfinallyledtotheauthor'sdeterminationtodealwiththewindow?Hiswife'sjobswitching.Thesupereffectiverustremover.Theobstacletogettingthehousesold.Thewindow'slettinginbugsbutnotlight.Whichof(hefollowingadviceistheauthorunlikelytoshareonline?Youdon'thavetofixitallnow;juststartbystarting.Makealistofthethingsyouareputtingoffandstartwiththehardest.Doingthethingisoftenlesspainfulthanthinkingaboutdoingthething.Animperfectsolutionnowisbetterthanaperfectonethatwillneverhappen.【答案】56.D57.D58.C59.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，主要介紹的是作者本可以在家里窗戶發(fā)生問(wèn)題的當(dāng)天花12美元修好，但是卻一直拖延，讓這個(gè)問(wèn)題困擾自己很多年，作者覺(jué)得事情發(fā)生時(shí)，應(yīng)該勇敢向前，解決問(wèn)題?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Overtheyears,Tdsometimesgetestimatesfromwindowpanies.Theplanwastoupgradetoenergy-efficientwindowsforthewholehouse.$15,000.Itwassimplyoutofreach.Onecontractorexplainedthatwhoeverreplaceditwouldneedtocutandshapebyhand,alabor-intensiveandexpensiveprocess.(這些年來(lái)，我有時(shí)會(huì)從櫥窗公司得到一些估算。計(jì)劃是將整棟房子的窗戶升級(jí)為節(jié)能窗戶。15000美元。費(fèi)用太高了。一位承包商解釋說(shuō)，無(wú)論是誰(shuí)來(lái)替換它，都需要手工切割和定型，這是一個(gè)勞動(dòng)密集型和昂貴的過(guò)程。)”可知，作者多年來(lái)遲遲沒(méi)有修好那扇破窗戶是因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為整個(gè)過(guò)程既麻煩又昂貴。故選D。詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段的“EverytimeIwentdownthere,everytimeIwenttothehardwarestore,itkeptiroublingme.（每次我去那里，每次我去五金店，它一直困擾著我。）”可知，這個(gè)問(wèn)題一直讓作者擔(dān)心，因此“Ihethoughtofthatwindowatea（me”的意思是“Itworriedmecontinuously（它一直讓我擔(dān)心）”，故選Do【58題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的"Thenmywifehadajobchange,andweneededtomove.Apotentialbuyercouldn'tgetaloanonthepropertyiftherewasabrokenwindow.（后來(lái)我妻子換了工作，我們需要搬家。如果房子的窗戶破了，潛在買(mǎi)家就無(wú)法獲得貸款。）”可知，最終讓作者下定決心處理窗戶的原因是這個(gè)窗戶成了把房子賣(mài)出去的障礙。故選C?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段的"hdidn'tneedtobethemostefficient.Itjustneededtobeawindow.（它不需要是最高效的。它只是需要,扇窗。）”可知，A項(xiàng)“Youdon*havetofixitallnow;juststartbystarting.（你不需要現(xiàn)在就去解決所有的問(wèn)題，只需要從頭開(kāi)始。）”可能是作者在網(wǎng)上會(huì)分享的建議，根據(jù)最后一段的“Stepfbrward,andyoullfindasolution.（向前一步，你會(huì)找到解決辦法的。）可知，作者認(rèn)為不要總是想，要去做,因此C項(xiàng)uDoingthethingisoftenlesspainfulthanthinkingaboutdoingthething.（做這件事通常沒(méi)有想做這件事那么痛苦。）”可能是作者在網(wǎng)上會(huì)分享的建議，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“AfterIpostedmystoryonline,manysharedtheirstorieswithme.Onemented,"Thisremindedmeofastatement,"Wesuffermoreinimaginationthaninreality.'"Anotherresponded,uThisiswhymybusinesspartnertellsme,4Perfectistheenemyofdone.’"（在我把我的故事發(fā)布到網(wǎng).上后，許多人與我分享了他們的故事。有人評(píng)論說(shuō)：“這讓我想起了一句話，'我們?cè)谙胂笾谐惺艿耐纯啾仍诂F(xiàn)實(shí)中承受的要多。'”另一位回答說(shuō)，“這就是為什么我的商業(yè)伙伴告訴我，'完美是完成的敵人。'"）”可知，D項(xiàng)“Animperfectsolutionnowisbetterthanaperfectonethatwillneverhappen.（一個(gè)不完美的解決方案總比一個(gè)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)發(fā)生的完美方案要好。）”可能是作者在網(wǎng)上會(huì)分享的建議，因此作者不太可能在網(wǎng)上分享的建議是B選項(xiàng)“Makealistofthethingsyouarcputtingoffandstartwiththehardest.（列出你正在拖延的事情，從最難的開(kāi)始。）”，故選B。(B)JWORLDBANKGROUPJWORLDBANKGROUPJWORLDBANKGROUPJWORLDBANKGROUPTheWorldBankGroup(WBG),headquarteredinWashingtonDC,haslaunchedaglobalsearchfbrtheSeniorVicePresident&GroupGeneralCounsel.Asoneoftheworld,slargestsourcesof【答案】B【解析】［原文］M:JerryandIhavedecidedtogocampingintherainforestthissummerholiday.W:Areyoucrazy?Whydon'tyougiveitasecondthought?Q:Whatisthewoman'sattitudetowardstheman'splan?.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Shehadherlegbroken.B.Shelostherwalkingstick.C.Shewaslatewithherassignment.D.ShelostcontactwithLisa.【答案】A【解析】［原文］W:Howisyoursister?Iamtoooccupiedinthedeadline-drivenassignmentthesedaystocontacther.M:Muchbetter.Thanks,Lisa.Sheisoffthewalkingsticknow.Q:Whatprobablyhappenedtotheman'ssister?.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Thewomandidn'tthinkhighlyofthefilm.Themandidn'tlikethefilmbutthewomandid.Themanmissedthefilmbecauseofthewoman.Themansawthefilmupontheadviceofthewoman.【答案】D【解析】［原文］W:Well,youarebackfromthecinema.Howdidyoulikethefilm?M:1(waswellworth(heticket.Butforyourremendation,Iwouldhavemissedit.Q:Whatcanweleamfromtheman'sremarks?.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Itisrathercoolinthelecturehall.Noonewillbeabletoseewhatheiswearing.Heexpectstheweathertochangelaterintheday.Theairconditionerinthelecturehalldoesn'twork.【答案】A【解析】［原文］W:That'sanawfullyheavysweaterfbradayliketoday.developmentassistanceandglobalexpertknowledgefordevelopingcountries,theWBGbrings16,000expertsindiversefieldstoworkinmorethan100developingeconomieswithtwingoalsofendingextremepovertyandpromotingsharedprosperity.Inthatcontext,theWBGislookingforaleadertooverseetheWBG'sLegalVicePresidencywithastrongmitmenttodevelopmentandidentificationwithWBGinstitutionalvaluesofcollaboration,respect,diversityandinclusion.Onthisposition,youareexpectedtobring:IntellectualleadershipandsubstantiallegalexpertiseindevisinginnovativesolutionstoenabletheWBGtomeetitsdevelopmentalobjectivesandchallenges.Deepunderstandingofinternationallawandtheplexgeopoliticallandscapeincludingknowledgeoftheglobaldevelopmentagenda.,Strongleadershipexperiencewithatrackrecordofdeveloping,inspiringandempoweringmulticulturalteamswithinplexorganizations.,Strongmunicationskillsandabilitytobuildrelationshipswithallstakeholders(月殳東)andworkcooperativelyacrosstheWBG.TheSeniorVicePresident&GroupGeneralCounselwillreporttotheWBGPresidentandserveontheSeniorLeadershipTeamtoensurethesuccessoftheWBGinfulfillingitsmissionsinasustainableway.ThepositionisbasedinWashington,DC.Applicationsshouldbesubmittedby31stMarch2022.Inthepursuitofexcellence,theWBGcontinuallyemploysqualifiedindividualswithdiversebackgroundsfromaround(heglobeandisanequalopportunityandinclusiveemployerandencouragesdiversecandidatestoapply.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthispassage?CallforBankingTalentsLookingForwardtoYourArrivalAccess(oaOnce-in-a-lifeOpportunityWanted:SeniorVicePresident&GroupGeneralCounselWhatisthemiddlepartofthisadvertisementabout?A.Termsandconditions.B.Rightsandduties.C.Responsibilitiesandqualifications.D.Expectationsandpersonalrecords.Whatcanbelearnedfromthispassage?EmployeeswithvariedculturalbackgroundsarerarelyseeninWBG.WBG'smissionissolelyconcernedwithboostingeconomyindevelopedcountries.Thepositionadvertisedattachesgreatimportancetolegalandgeographicalknowledge.ThepositioninvolvesworkingundertheWBGPresident'ssupervisionandintheteam.【答案】60.D61.C62.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。是世界銀行集團(tuán)招聘高級(jí)副總裁兼集團(tuán)總法律顧問(wèn)的廣告?！?（）題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句"TheWorldBankGroup（WBG）,headquarteredinWashingtonDC,haslaunchedaglobalsearchfortheSeniorVicePresident&GroupGeneralCounsel.（總部位于華盛頓特區(qū)的世界銀行集團(tuán)（WBG）已開(kāi)始在全球范圍內(nèi)招聘高級(jí)副總裁兼集團(tuán)總法律顧問(wèn)）”可知，本文是?篇招聘廣告，所以D項(xiàng)44Wanted:SeniorVicePresident&GroupGeneralCounsel（招聘:高級(jí)副總裁兼集團(tuán)總法律顧問(wèn)）”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。[61題詳解】推理判讀題。根據(jù)本文中間部分”?IntellectualleadershipandsubstantiallegalexpertiseindevisinginnovativesolutionstoenabletheWBGtomeetitsdevelopmentalobjectivesandchallenges.,Deepunderstandingofinternationallawandtheplexgeopoliticallandscapeincludingknowledgeoftheglobaldevelopmentagenda.,Strongleadershipexperiencewithatrackrecordofdeveloping,inspiringandempoweringmulticulturalteamswithinplexorganizations.*StronginunicationskillsandabilitytobuildrelationshipswithallstakeholdersandworkcooperativelyacrosstheWBG.（?在制定創(chuàng)新解決方案方面發(fā)揮智慧領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力和豐富的法律專業(yè)知識(shí)，使世行集團(tuán)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)其發(fā)展目標(biāo)和挑戰(zhàn)。?深刻理解國(guó)際法和復(fù)雜的地緣政治格局，了解全球發(fā)展議程。?具有豐富的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在復(fù)雜的組織中發(fā)展、激勵(lì)和授權(quán)多元文化團(tuán)隊(duì)。?具有較強(qiáng)的溝通能力，能夠與所有股東建立良好的關(guān)系，并在整個(gè)世行集團(tuán)內(nèi)開(kāi)展合作。）“可知，中間部分是對(duì)應(yīng)聘者職責(zé)和資格的要求。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格最后部分的第一段“TheSeniorVicePresident&GroupGeneralCounselwillreporttotheWBGPresidentandserveontheSeniorLeadershipTeamtoensurethesuccessoftheWBGinfulfillingitsmissionsinasustainableway.（高級(jí)副行長(zhǎng)兼集團(tuán)總法律顧問(wèn)將向世行集團(tuán)行長(zhǎng)匯報(bào)匚作，并加入世行集團(tuán)高級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團(tuán)隊(duì)，以確保世行集團(tuán)以可持續(xù)的方式成功完成其使命）”可知，該職位需要在世界銀行行長(zhǎng)的監(jiān)督下在團(tuán)隊(duì)中工作。故選D項(xiàng)。(C)WhenCarolynKurlefirstvisitedAlaska'sHawadaxIsland,thenknownasRatIsland,sheimmediatelynoticedthesilence.tkWhenyou'reonanislandihal'sneverhadrats,it'sjustlikebirdseverywhere—it'sreallyloud,“shesays."Sowhenyougettoanislandthatdoeshaverats,youreallynoticebecauseit'scacophonyversusquiet.,,NowadaysHawadaxisonceagainanoisyplace.Roughlyadecadeafterasuccessfulefforttoridtheislandofitspredatoryrodents（捕食性嚙齒動(dòng)物），amassofseabirdshasreturned.Andthebenefitshaveextendedacrosstheisland'sentireseashoreecosystem,whichisagainfullofdiverselife.Thesefindings,publishedinScientificReports,showthatcertainecosystemscanrecoverwithsurprisingspeedifgiventhechance.“Thisstudyisanexampleofsomethingpositive（hatcanhappenwhenwehumanstakeactiontocleanupafterourselves,5,saysKurle,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandaconservationecologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.uItalsohighlightshoweverythingisinterlinked,especiallyincoastalsystems.”ThegreedyrodentscolonizedHawadaxafteraJapaneseshipwreckinthe1780s.andtheyquicklywipedoutseabirdmunities.Kurlc'sfirstfindings,publishedin2008,showedthattheratsaffectednotjustbirdsbuttheentirefoodchain-allthewaydowntoalgae（藻類）.Withoutbirdstoeatseashoreinvertebrates（無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物），populationsofsnailsandotherspeciesfeedingonplantsexplodedandconsumedmuchofthemarinekelp（巨藻）,whichprovidescrucialhabitatfbrotherorganisms.t4Certaininvasivespeciescanhaveimpactsbeyondthosethataremostobvious,MKurlesays.ThoseearlyfindingsinspiredtheU.S.FishandWildlifeService,inpartnershipwithTheNatureConservancyandIslandConservation,towipeouttheratsbydroppingpoisononHawadax.Kurleandhercolleaguessecuredfundingtosurveytheisland5and11yearsaftertakingtheaction.TheyfoundthatitsecosystemhadsteadilyrecoveredandnowresemblesthatofotherAleutianIslandsthatwereneverinvadedbyrats,withsignificantlyfewermarineinvertebratesandmuchmorekelpcover.“Veryfewrat-eradicationprojectshavefocusedontheimpactonmarineecosystems,sotheHawadaxIslandcaseisreallynoteworthy,saysUniversityofTennessee.Knoxville,ecologistDanielSimberloff,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy."Thisisaverycool,elegantresultfromanacademicecology