八(上)110單元復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解

第13頁(yè)【2023年秋季課程】八(上)1-10單元復(fù)習(xí)適用學(xué)科初中英語(yǔ)適用年級(jí)初中二年級(jí)適用區(qū)域人教版課時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)〔分鐘〕2課時(shí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)不定代詞，形容詞的同級(jí)比擬，形容詞的比擬級(jí)，形容詞的最高級(jí)，形容詞的比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)的常用句式，形容詞的比擬級(jí)前常用修飾詞，頻度副詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的根本用法，一般將來(lái)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句，動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.能夠掌握本冊(cè)課本中出現(xiàn)的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法并能正確應(yīng)用2.能夠熟練掌握本冊(cè)課本中出現(xiàn)的重點(diǎn)詞和短語(yǔ)及其他們的用法教學(xué)重點(diǎn)形副詞等級(jí)比擬教學(xué)難點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞不定式教學(xué)過(guò)程一、課堂導(dǎo)入通過(guò)對(duì)教室內(nèi)可能發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行詢問(wèn)學(xué)生或讓學(xué)生之間互相詢問(wèn)，復(fù)習(xí)本節(jié)課所需句型。二、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)1.IfTinatomorrow,Iwillcallher.A.comeB.doesn’tcomeC.willcome D.coming【答案】B【解析】句意表達(dá)的是如果Tina明天不來(lái)，我就打電話叫她。符合主將從現(xiàn)。Tina是單三，所以用doesn’tcome.2.She_______thewatermelon____________.Itwastasty. A.cut，inhalf B.cuts,inhalf C.cut,ahalf D.cuts,tohalf【答案】A【解析】切是cut，既然發(fā)生了，用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)cut，兩半是inhalf3.WhenwepracticespeakingEnglish，weoftenendup______inChinese.A.tospeak B.speaking C.spoken D.speak【答案】B【解析】endupdoingsth.意為“以……而告終〞；句意為“當(dāng)我們練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)時(shí)，我們經(jīng)常以說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)而結(jié)束〞。4.Mysisteriseightandshecan____________of_______.A.lookafter,sheself B.takescare,herself C.takecare,herself D.careabout,herself【答案】C【解析】我妹妹八歲了，她能照看自己了。照看有很多表達(dá)，含有of的只有takecareof。can為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞不變。她自己是herself。5.Thesportsmeetingwillcontinue______itrainsthisafternoon.A.if B.since C.assoonas D.unless【答案】D【解析】點(diǎn)撥：本句想表達(dá)“今天下午如果天不下雨，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將繼續(xù)舉行〞。D項(xiàng)意為“如果不〞符合句意。三、知識(shí)講解知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：時(shí)態(tài)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)①時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):everyday等經(jīng)常性的②客觀真理永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)③在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，套公式：主將從現(xiàn)(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)①表示過(guò)去具體時(shí)刻的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday②在when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，套公式：主過(guò)進(jìn)從過(guò)(3)一般將來(lái)時(shí)①時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow,thisafternoon,nextyear,oneday，in+時(shí)間段②begoingto表示打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的事情,或者主觀判斷即將要發(fā)生的事情“看云識(shí)天氣〞It’sgoingtorainsoon.(天快要下雨了)知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)、比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)1、規(guī)那么變化:(1)單音節(jié)和局部雙音節(jié)詞,a)+er,est：b)雙寫+er,est：c)y→i+er,est：(2)雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)詞,在原級(jí)前加more/most.2、不規(guī)那么變化:good/well-better-bestbad/badly/ill-worse-worstmany/much-more-mostlittle-less-leastfar-farther/further-farthest/furthest3、形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)、比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法：(1)同級(jí)比擬：“和……一樣……〞as...as...“不如...〞notas...as...或notso...as...(2)比擬級(jí)比擬：比擬級(jí)+than...比擬級(jí)前可以用much,alittle,even,still修飾(3)最高級(jí)比擬：the+最高級(jí)+in/of范圍in前后不同類of前后同類(4)“比擬級(jí)+and+比擬級(jí)〞表示“越來(lái)越……〞。(5)“the+比擬級(jí)…,the+比擬級(jí)…〞表示“越…就越…〞。(6)oneofthe+最高級(jí)+名詞(復(fù)數(shù))〞整個(gè)短語(yǔ)為單數(shù)含義,謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。(7)“Which/Who……,□,□or□?〞中,兩者相選用比擬級(jí),三者相選用最高級(jí)(8)文中有both/either/neither/twins/ofthetwo等表兩者的詞時(shí),用“the+比擬級(jí)〞知識(shí)點(diǎn)3：動(dòng)詞不定式(1)不定式todo否認(rèn)式：nottodo=1\*GB3①作主語(yǔ)：常被形式主語(yǔ)it代替，而把todo置于句尾例句：Itis+adj./n.+(forsb./ofsb.)+todosth.Ittakes+sb.+st.+todosth.=2\*GB3②作表語(yǔ)：be+todosth.“是做某事〞=3\*GB3③作賓語(yǔ)：常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：like,ask,wish,hope,dare,offer,decide,help,long,arrange,learn,start,begin,agree,refuse,want,expect,promise,pretend,plan,manage,afford,prepare被形賓代替：think/find/make+it+adj.+(forsb./ofsb.)+todosth.=4\*GB3④作賓補(bǔ)：常用帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：force,teach,get,tell,know,help,ask,invite,beg,wish,want,forbid,warn,callon,waitfor,allow,require,cause,advise,order,permit,encourage,callfor,like常用省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：have,make,let,feel,see,observe,lookat,listento,notice,watch,hear,discover(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要復(fù)原to)=5\*GB3⑤作定語(yǔ)：要后置。假設(shè)不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)其后介詞不能省。(修飾的名詞是time,place,way

時(shí)其后上常省略介詞)=6\*GB3⑥作狀語(yǔ)：表目的：gotosp.todo/dosb.cantodo/followsb.todo表原因：besorrytodo/behappytodo/bepleasedtodo=7\*GB3⑦疑問(wèn)詞+不定式相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞俗稱“賓從省略式〞知識(shí)點(diǎn)4：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞①用may提問(wèn)時(shí),肯定答語(yǔ)Certainly./Sure.或Yes,youcan.;否認(rèn)答語(yǔ)can’t/mustn’t②must表示“必須〞時(shí)，否認(rèn)形式是mustn’t“禁止〞；MustI……？Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t.No,youdon’thaveto.表示“一定〞時(shí),否認(rèn)形式是“can’t〞“不可能〞③“haveto〞表示“不得不〞、“必須〞DoIhaveto?Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t.No,youdon’thaveto.④need“需要〞作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞notneedtodosth.作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞needn’tdosth.⑤Wouldyouliketodosth.?常用“Iwouldliketo〞或“I’dliketo,but〞答復(fù)知識(shí)點(diǎn)5：不定代詞(1)some和any：“一些〞some用于肯定句,any用于否/疑句，+可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)some用于疑問(wèn)句時(shí),表示建議、請(qǐng)求或希望得到肯定答復(fù)“任何〞any用于肯定句，+可數(shù)單數(shù)/不可數(shù)(2)neither和none：neither指兩者都不none指多者都不(3)all和both：all“都〞≥3，+可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)both“都〞＝2，+可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)(4)every和each：every“每一個(gè)〞≥3，,是形容詞,表整體概念；不可以和of直接連用each“每個(gè)〞≥2,是形容詞、代詞,,表示單個(gè)概念；可跟of連用,(5)either和any：either“兩者中任何一個(gè)〞＝2；any“多者中任何一個(gè)〞(6)other，theother和another：other“其它的〞+人/物=others并非剩余所有theother“其余的〞+人/物=theothers剩余所有another(另一,再一,又一)表示在原先根底上增加(7)many和much：“很多〞many+可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)much+不可數(shù)(8)few、little、afew、alittle：注：little作“小的〞講時(shí)，alittleboyfew、little“很少,幾乎沒(méi)有〞,表否認(rèn)afew、alittle“少數(shù)，一些〞,表肯定few、afew+可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)little、alittle+不可數(shù)(9)復(fù)合不定代詞，被視為單數(shù)，屬于英語(yǔ)中的“敢死隊(duì)〞，永遠(yuǎn)沖鋒在前，即定語(yǔ)后置something,someone,somebody,anything,anyone,anybody,nothing,nobody,noone,everything,everyone,everybody四、例題精析【例題1】【題干】Myskirtisblue.Oh,mineisthesameas________.A.youB.yourC.yoursD.our【答案】C【解析】注意，用比擬級(jí)時(shí)要注意，兩者要有可比性，此題顯然是我的和你的一樣，用名詞性物主代詞。【例題2】【題干】________dothestudentsplaysports?

Twiceaweek.A.HowoftenB.HowsoonC.HowlongD.Howfar【答案】A【解析】對(duì)頻度副詞提問(wèn)要用.Howoften【例題3】【題干】Youshouldn'tgooutatnightwithout________yourparents.A.totellB.toldC.tellD.telling【答案】D【解析】without為介詞，介詞后面要跟動(dòng)名詞?！纠}4】【題干】There________afootballgamebetweenItalyandGermanytomorrowevening.A.hasB.isgoingtobeC.willhaveD.isgoingtohave【答案】B【解析】therebe句型的將來(lái)時(shí)的應(yīng)用?！纠}5】【題干】Idon'tknowifshe________tomorrow.A.comesB.willcomeC.comeD.came【答案】B【解析】此題為賓語(yǔ)從句，if是是否的意思，ifshewillcometomorrow做know的賓語(yǔ)。注意，此題容易跟if條件狀語(yǔ)從句混淆。【例題6】【題干】Heoftenhelpshismother________thehousework,buthenever________.A.with;getboreB.with;getsboredC.in;getboringD.in;getsbored【答案】B【解析】此題考查helpsb.withsth.及getbored意味覺(jué)得無(wú)聊?！纠}7】【題干】Therewillbe________treesand________pollutionin50years.A.more;lessB.fewer;fewerC.less;fewerD.more;fewer【答案】A【解析】trees是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，用few修飾；pollution時(shí)不可數(shù)名詞，用little修飾?！纠}8】【題干】Larryoftenhelpsto________thebestinme.A.findoutB.bringoutC.comeoutD.lookout【答案】B【解析】此題考查詞組的意思，選項(xiàng)分別為查明，是展現(xiàn)出，出版和小心，根據(jù)題意選B。【例題9】【題干】It'sdarkintheroom.Ican'tseeclearly.Please________thelightA.turnonB.turnoffC.turndownD.turnup【答案】A【解析】選項(xiàng)的意思分別是翻開，關(guān)上，調(diào)低和調(diào)高，根據(jù)題目意思，前面說(shuō)明室內(nèi)很暗，應(yīng)該翻開燈。【例題10】【題干】What'stheproblem?We'reonlyhalfway________thejob.A.tofinishB.finishesC.tofinishingD.finished【答案】C【解析】beonhalfwaytodosth，選C。課后作業(yè)Wecanseerobotsinmanymoredifferentplacesnow.Butrobotsdon’thavea______1_____history.Nowwemayseerobotsinsomefilms.Therobotsinthese_____2_____aremuchstronger,fasterandclevererthanpeople.Inreallife,people______3____robotsinfactoriesmostoftime.Robotscandomanydangerous,difficultorboringjobsinsteadof_____4_____.Somepeoplecan’tlookafterthemselvesandrobotscanhelpthemineveryday_____5______.Forexample,someblindpeopleusedogstohelpthemselves____6_____around.Thesedogsareguidedogs.Andnowscientistsaremakingarobotto______7_____them.Inthefuture,robotdogsmaytaketheplaceofthese_____8____.Andtheserobotdogscanhelpblindpeopletodomanyotherusefulthings.PeoplealsouserobotsinsomeAmerican_____9____.Atonehospital,arobottakesmealsfromth