2023屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：虛擬語氣課件46張

SubjunctiveMood虛擬語氣語氣（mood）的定義語氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示說話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法或態(tài)度。語氣的種類Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.I’maboyofsixteenthisyear.陳述語氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。祈使語氣：表示說話人對(duì)對(duì)方的命令、要求、請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、勸告或建議等。Willyoupleaselendmeyourdictionary?OpenyourbooksatP.126.IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheskyfreely.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtrymybesttograspthechance.

虛擬語氣：表示所說的話不是事實(shí)，而只是一種愿望、猜測(cè)、假設(shè)、建議，并且這種愿望、建議等實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很少或根本不能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

條件句的分類Ifhedoesn'thurryup,hewillmissthebus.Ifheisfree,hewillaskmetotellstories.Theysaidtheywouldletusknowiftheyheardanynewsabouthim.真實(shí)條件句：表示現(xiàn)實(shí)情況中可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況。真實(shí)條件句中的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，用一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)。

非真實(shí)條件句:

也叫虛擬條件句，表示與現(xiàn)實(shí)情況相反的假設(shè)情況。主句和從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞都需要使用虛擬語氣。

IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.Iftherewerenoair,peoplewoulddie.(一)、虛擬語氣在條件句中的使用Task1:觀察下面三組例句，說出它們分別是對(duì)現(xiàn)在、過去，還是將來的假設(shè)；Task2:總結(jié)if條件句中虛擬語氣的形式。Ifheweretocomehere,hewouldtellusaboutit.Iftherewereaheavysnowtomorrow,wewouldgoskating.Ifheshouldagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.Ifhewerefree,hewouldhelpus.Ifhestudiedatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.IfIhadseenthefilm,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutit.IfIhadgotthereearlier,IwouldhavemetMr.Li.Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.

將來現(xiàn)在過去If條件句中虛擬語氣的形式

假設(shè)情況if從句謂語形式主句謂語形式將來現(xiàn)在過去一般過去式(be用were)should+動(dòng)詞原形wereto+動(dòng)詞原形would/should/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形一般過去式(be用were)would/should/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形過去完成式（had+過去分詞）would/should/might/could+have+過去分詞Exercise1:Fillintheblanks1、Ifthey_____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.2、IfI______(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)forteacher’shelp.3、Ifyou_______(get)upearlierthismorning,you__________________(catch)thefirsttrain.werewouldtakewerewouldaskhadgotwouldhavecaught4、IfI_________(meet)youyesterday,we_________________(go)totheconcerttogether.5、Ifrobots_______________(control)theworldsomeday,there__________(be)nofriendship.6、What_______________(happen)ifyou_____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?hadmetwouldhavegoneweretocontrolwouldbeshouldgetupwouldhappenAnswersforExercise2onpage5Ifhehadrighttochoosehisholiday,hewouldgotoMexico.IfIwerenotallergictoshellfish,Iwouldenjoyeatingthem.Ifthemarblestatuewerenottoolargeforhergarden,thehousewifewouldbuyit.Ifweknewmoreaboutthedisease,wewouldbeabletotreatthepatientsveryeffectively.Exercise2:Finishtheexercise2and3onpage5.AnswersforExercise3onpage5Davidisnotasculptor.Ifhewere,hewouldmakeasculpturefortheexhibition.Sallyisnotanaggressivewoman.Ifshewere,shewouldbeamoresuccessfulbusinesswoman.IfSamwerehere,hewouldbesoexcitedaboutmeetingafamousscholarintheflesh.IfIcouldpaint,IwouldpaintyouanabstractpaintinginthestyleofMatisse.MrLingisn’there.Ifhewere,hewouldhelpyouwithyourgeometry.It’sMissLiang’sbirthdaytoday.IwishIcould\wouldtakeherouttoasuperbrestaurantfordinner.Wedon’tknowheraddress.Ifweknewit,wewouldsendheralargebunchofflowers.Peoplesaythattheartexhibitionisworthseeing.IwishIcould\wouldgowithyoubutI’mtoobusytheseday.IfMasacciowerealivetoday,hewouldbeamazedathowartistspainttoday.IfPetershouldcometoourschool,hecouldgotoartclasses.Homework:MakeSentences要是我是你，我就會(huì)告訴他真相了。（tellsb.thetruth）如果她有足夠的錢，她就去買一臺(tái)電腦。要是能下雨的話，莊稼就能得救了。（crops,save）要是明天不考試的話，我就能和你一起去野餐了。（gotopicnic）如果你聽了我的建議，你就不會(huì)考試不及格。（followone’sadvice）如果我早點(diǎn)到那兒，我就會(huì)見到她了。

IfIwereyou,Iwould(should,could,might)tellhimthetruth.Ifshehadenoughmoney,shewouldbuyacomputer.要是我是你，我就會(huì)告訴他真相了。（tellsb.thetruth）2.如果她有足夠的錢，她就去買一臺(tái)電腦。Ifitweretorain/rained/shouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.IfIshouldn’ttaketheexamtomorrow,Iwouldgotopicnicwithyou.3.要是能下雨的話，莊稼就能得救了。（crops,save）4.要是明天不考試的話，我就能和你一起去野餐了。（gotopicnic）Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldn’thavefailedintheexam.IfIhadgotthereearlier,Iwouldhavemether.5.如果你聽了我的建議，你就不會(huì)考試不及格。（take/followone’sadvice）

6.如果我早點(diǎn)到那兒，我就會(huì)見到她了。

Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.虛擬條件句中應(yīng)注意的問題IfIweretenyearsyounger,Iwouldstudyabroad.要是我還年輕十歲的話，我會(huì)去國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。IfIwereyou,Iwouldtrymybesttograspthechance.要是我是你的話，我要盡力抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)。1.在虛擬語氣的從句中，動(dòng)詞be的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用were。2.當(dāng)虛擬條件句中的謂語動(dòng)詞含有were,should,had時(shí)，if可省略，而將were,should,had置于句首。

Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.如果她在這兒的話，她會(huì)同意我們的。Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.如果她懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)聘用他來這里工作了。

注意:如果條件句是否定式，倒裝時(shí)不能用縮寫式或把not也放在主語之前。IfIhadnotgottherelate,Iwouldhavemether.→HadInotgottherelate,Iwouldhavemether.→Hadnot（Hadn’t）Igottherelate,Iwouldhavemether.3.有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主句和條件從句的謂語動(dòng)作若不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整，這種條件句叫做錯(cuò)綜條件句（混合條件句）。IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineernow.

IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.（從句說明過去，主句說明現(xiàn)在）（從句說明現(xiàn)在，主句說明過去）4.非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來，只暗含在連詞、副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。多數(shù)情況下，多暗含or，otherwise，butfor…（要不是因?yàn)椤?without…Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.要不是他的幫助，我們還會(huì)在工作呢。Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.要是沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會(huì)取得如此大的進(jìn)步。（二）、虛擬語氣在其他從句中的使用Hesuggestedthatwe(should)taketheteacher’sadvice.Heinsistedthatwe(should)acceptthesegifts.Theteacheradvisedthatwe(should)makegooduseofeveryminutehere.1.英語中，表示堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求等意義的動(dòng)詞所接的名詞性從句一般用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。這樣的動(dòng)詞有：一堅(jiān)持：insist二命令：order、command三建議：advise、suggest、propose四要求：request、require、demand、desire名詞形式:

order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,desire,request,requirement

Wesuggestthatyougotherebybus.=Our

suggestion

isthatyou

gotherebybus.=Thisisoursuggestionthatyougotherebybus.=Itissuggestedthatyougotherebybus.Hisfacesuggeststhathelooksworried.Hissmilesuggestedthathehadsucceededinthisexam.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)taketheteacher’sadvice.當(dāng)suggest的意思為“表明、暗示”時(shí)，賓語從句一般不用虛擬語氣。試比較：Heinsistsheisastudent.Tominsistedthathehadn’tstolenthewatch.Heinsistedthatwe(should)acceptthesegifts.☆當(dāng)insist的意思為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為、堅(jiān)持說”的意思時(shí)，賓語從句一般不用虛擬語氣。2.在主語從句中：

It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/impossible/essential/vital/apity/ashame/nowonder……+thatClause從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬,即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形

Itisstrangethat____________________.他居然會(huì)這樣說，真是奇怪。Itisagreatpitythat____________________.他居然會(huì)這樣想，真是一件憾事。Itisnaturalthat__________________________.鳥在樹上安歇是很自然的。Itisnecessarythat___________________________.有必要立即派他去北京。he(should)saysohe(should)thinksoabird(should)restintreeshebesenttoBeijingrightaway3.動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句,表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實(shí)相反,或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望,從句通常省略連詞that。將來：IwishIwouldhaveachanceagain.Hewisheswecouldgoandplaygameswithhim.現(xiàn)在：IwishIhadyourbrains.IwishIlearntEnglishwell.過去：IwishIhadbeentherewiththemlastweek.IwishIhadknownthetruth.時(shí)間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)將來的愿望could/would+動(dòng)詞原形與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)（be用were）與過去事實(shí)相反過去完成時(shí)（haddone）注意：wish本身可以是過去式，表示過去的一種愿望，that從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受影響。Hewishedthathehadn’ttoldherthebadnewsyesterday.4.在wouldrather之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望，故用虛擬語氣。I’dratheryouhadseenthefilmyesterday.我倒想你昨天看過了這場(chǎng)電影。I’dratheryouwereherenow.我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。We’dratheryouwentheretomorrow.我們倒想你明天去那兒。在wouldrather后的賓語從句中：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的虛擬，用一般過去式（be用were）表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬，用過去完成式（haddone）MakeSentences他寧愿他努力工作過。我寧愿他不認(rèn)識(shí)我。Hewouldratherhehadworkedhard.Iwouldratherhedidn’tknowme.

以asif、asthough（似乎，好像）引導(dǎo)的從句，如果表示真實(shí)情況應(yīng)該用陳述語氣；如果表示非真實(shí)情況則應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣。即:表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過去式；與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成式(haddone)；與將來事實(shí)相反，用would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形。5.asif，asthough引導(dǎo)的從句1.Helookedasifhehadn’tsleptfortwodays.2.Itseemsasif/thoughthemeetingwouldneverend.3.Shetalksasif/thoughshewereanAmerican.6.It’s(high/about)timethat…（該是做……的時(shí)候了）從句要用虛擬語氣：謂語用過去時(shí)或should+do，should不能省略。It’s(high/about)timethatyoulefthere.It’s(high/about)timethatyoushouldleavehere.

7.由ifonly（要是……，那該多好?。。┮龑?dǎo)的驚嘆句。表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過去時(shí)