三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的制動(dòng)控制線路-教學(xué)課件

案例：電動(dòng)機(jī)自由停車(chē)的時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，隨慣性大小而不同，而某些生產(chǎn)機(jī)械要求迅速、準(zhǔn)確地停車(chē)，如鏜床、車(chē)床的主電動(dòng)機(jī)需快速停車(chē)；起重機(jī)為使重物停位準(zhǔn)確及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安全要求，也必須采用快速、可靠的制動(dòng)方式制動(dòng)：機(jī)械制動(dòng)和電氣制動(dòng)電氣制動(dòng)：在電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子上加一個(gè)與轉(zhuǎn)向相反的制動(dòng)電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩，使電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速迅速下降，或穩(wěn)定在另一轉(zhuǎn)速反接制動(dòng)能耗制動(dòng)常用三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)制動(dòng)限制電路一、機(jī)械制動(dòng)當(dāng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的定子繞組斷電后，利用機(jī)械裝置使電動(dòng)機(jī)立刻停轉(zhuǎn)。機(jī)械制動(dòng)電磁抱閘制動(dòng)器MZD1系列溝通單相制動(dòng)電磁鐵TJ2系列閘瓦制動(dòng)器1－線圈2－銜鐵3－鐵心4－彈簧5－閘輪6－杠桿7－閘瓦8－軸電磁抱閘制動(dòng)器結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖電磁抱閘制動(dòng)器工作原理示意圖1－彈簧2－銜鐵3－線圈4－鐵心5－閘輪6－閘瓦7－杠桿電源電磁抱閘斷電制動(dòng)限制線路L1L2L3FU1FU2KMFRSB2SB1KMYBQSKMFRM3～電磁抱閘斷電制動(dòng)限制線路L1L2L3FU1FU2KMSB2SB1KMYBQSKM合上電源開(kāi)關(guān)QSFRFRM3～電磁抱閘斷電制動(dòng)限制線路L1L2L3FU1FU2KMSB2SB1KMYBQSKM按下SB2KM線圈得電FRFRM3～電磁抱閘斷電制動(dòng)限制線路L1L2L3FU1FU2KMSB2SB1KMYBQSKMKM1自鎖觸頭閉合,自鎖，松開(kāi)SB2電磁抱閘線圈YB得電，使抱閘的閘瓦與閘輪分開(kāi)KM1主觸頭閉合,電動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)運(yùn)行FRFRM3～電磁抱閘斷電制動(dòng)限制線路L1L2L3FU1FU2KMSB2SB1KMYBQSKM停:按SB1，接觸器KM失電釋放電磁抱閘線圈YB也失電，在彈簧的作用下，閘瓦與閘輪緊緊抱住FRFRM3～電磁抱閘通電制動(dòng)限制線路L1L2L3FU1FU2KM1FRSB1SB2KM1YBQSKM1FRM3～KM2KM2KM1電路組成分析電磁抱閘通電制動(dòng)限制線路L1L2L3FU1KM1SB1SB2KM1QSKM1KM2KM1合上電源開(kāi)關(guān)QSKM2FRFRM3～FU2YBKM2電磁抱閘通電制動(dòng)限制線路L1L2L3FU1KM1SB1SB2KM1QSKM1KM2KM1按下SB1KM1線圈得電KM2FRFRM3～FU2YBKM2電磁抱閘通電制動(dòng)限制線路L1L2L3FU1KM1SB1SB2KM1QSKM1KM2KM1KM1自鎖觸頭閉合,自鎖，松開(kāi)SB1KM1聯(lián)鎖觸頭斷開(kāi)，KM1主觸頭閉合電動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)運(yùn)行電磁抱閘線圈YB不得電KM2FRFRM3～YBKM2FU2電磁抱閘通電制動(dòng)限制線路L1L2L3FU1KM1SB1SB2KM1QSKM1KM2KM1KM2停：按下SB2KM1線圈失電釋放KM2線圈得電，KM2主觸頭閉合電磁抱閘線圈YB得電，使閘瓦與閘輪緊緊抱住FRFRM3～YBFU2二、電氣制動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)和電動(dòng)機(jī)實(shí)際旋轉(zhuǎn)方向相反的電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩，使電動(dòng)機(jī)快速停轉(zhuǎn)。（一）能耗制動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)切斷溝通電源后，立刻在定子線組的隨意兩相中通入直流電，利用轉(zhuǎn)子感應(yīng)電流受靜止磁場(chǎng)的作用以達(dá)到制動(dòng)目的。M3～L1L2L3KM1FRSB1KM1SB2KM2KM1KM2FRKM1KTKM2VUWQSFU1FU2KTKT單向啟動(dòng)能耗制動(dòng)自動(dòng)限制線路KM2電路組成分析定子繞組直流電通路KM2VKM2L3NV定子繞組直流電通路L1L2L3KM1SB1KM1SB2KM2KM1KM2KM1KTKM2QSFU1FU2KTKTKM2合上電源開(kāi)關(guān)QS按下SB1KM1線圈得電單向啟動(dòng)能耗制動(dòng)自動(dòng)限制線路KM2VM3～FRFRVUWL1L2L3KM1SB1KM1SB2KM2KM1KM2KM1KTKM2QSFU1FU2KTKTKM2KM1自鎖觸頭閉合KM1主觸頭閉合KM1聯(lián)鎖觸頭分?jǐn)鄦蜗騿?dòng)能耗制動(dòng)自動(dòng)限制線路KM2VM3～FRFRVUWL1L2L3KM1SB1KM1SB2KM2KM1KM2KM1KTKM2KM2VQSFU1FU2KTKTKM2按下SB2KM1線圈失電KM1自鎖觸頭分?jǐn)郖M1主觸頭分?jǐn)郖M1聯(lián)鎖觸頭閉合KM2線圈得電KT線圈得電單向啟動(dòng)能耗制動(dòng)自動(dòng)限制線路M3～FRFRVUWL1L2L3KM1SB1KM1SB2KM2KM1KM2KM1KTKM2KM2QSFU1FU2KTKTKM2KM2自鎖觸頭閉合KM2主觸頭分?jǐn)嚅]合電動(dòng)機(jī)半波能耗制動(dòng)KM2聯(lián)鎖觸頭分?jǐn)郖T瞬時(shí)閉合觸頭閉合松開(kāi)SB2單向啟動(dòng)能耗制動(dòng)自動(dòng)限制線路VM3～FRFRVUWL1L2L3KM1SB1KM1SB2KM2KM1KM2KM1KTKM2KM2VQSFU1FU2KTKTKM2KT延時(shí)斷開(kāi)觸頭延時(shí)分?jǐn)郖M2線圈失電KT線圈失電各觸頭復(fù)位單向啟動(dòng)能耗制動(dòng)自動(dòng)限制線路M3～FRFRVUWFU2FRSB1KM1SB2KM1KM2KTKTKTKM2KM2KM1M3～L1L2L3FU1KM1QSFU3VCTCFRRKM2VUW3KM2有變壓器橋式整流能耗制動(dòng)限制線路電路組成分析FU2SB1KM1SB2KM1KM2KTKTKTKM2KM2KM1L1L2L3FU1KM1QSFU3VCTCRKM2VUW3KM2有變壓器橋式整流能耗制動(dòng)限制線路合上電源開(kāi)關(guān)QS按下SB1KM1線圈得電FRM3～FRFU2SB1KM1SB2KM1KM2KTKTKTKM2KM2KM1L1L2L3FU1KM1QSFU3VCTCRKM2VUW3KM2有變壓器橋式整流能耗制動(dòng)限制線路KM1自鎖觸頭閉合KM1主觸頭閉合KM1聯(lián)鎖觸頭分?jǐn)嗨砷_(kāi)SB1FRM3～FRFU2SB1KM1SB2KM1KM2KTKTKTKM2KM2KM1L1L2L3FU1KM1QSFU3VCTCRKM2VUW3KM2有變壓器橋式整流能耗制動(dòng)限制線路按下SB1KM1線圈失電KM1自鎖觸頭分?jǐn)郖M1主觸頭分?jǐn)郖M1聯(lián)鎖觸頭閉合KM2線圈得電KT線圈得電FRM3～FRFU2SB1KM1SB2KM1KM2KTKTKTKM2KM2KM1L1L2L3FU1KM1QSFU3VCTCRKM2VUW3KM2有變壓器橋式整流能耗制動(dòng)限制線路KM2自鎖觸頭閉合KM2主觸頭分?jǐn)嚅]合電動(dòng)機(jī)半波能耗制動(dòng)KM2聯(lián)鎖觸頭分?jǐn)郖T瞬時(shí)閉合觸頭閉合松開(kāi)SB1FRM3～FRFU2SB1KM1SB2KM1KM2KTKTKTKM2KM2KM1L1L2L3FU1KM1QSFU3VCTCRKM2VUW3KM2有變壓器橋式整流能耗制動(dòng)限制線路KT延時(shí)斷開(kāi)觸頭延時(shí)分?jǐn)郖M2線圈失電KT線圈失電各觸頭復(fù)位FRM3～FR

（二）反接制動(dòng)１.反接制動(dòng)原理在停車(chē)時(shí)，把電動(dòng)機(jī)反接，則其定子旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場(chǎng)便反向旋轉(zhuǎn)，在轉(zhuǎn)子上產(chǎn)生的電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩亦隨之變?yōu)榉聪?，成為制?dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩。反接制動(dòng)單向啟動(dòng)反接制動(dòng)限制M3～L1L2L3FU1FU2KM1KM2FRSB1KM1SB2KM2KM1KM2FRQSＲKM1nKSKM2KS單向啟動(dòng)反接制動(dòng)限制L1L2L3FU1FU2KM2SB1KM1SB2QSＲKM1nKSKM2KS合上電源開(kāi)關(guān)QSM3～KM1FRKM2FRKM1KM2單向啟動(dòng)反接制動(dòng)限制L1L2L3FU1FU2KM2SB1KM1SB2KM1KM2QSＲKM1nKSKM2KS按下SB1KM1線圈得電M3～KM1FRKM2FR單向啟動(dòng)反接制動(dòng)限制L1L2L3FU1FU2KM2SB1KM1SB2KM1KM2QSＲKM1KSKM2KSnKM1自鎖觸頭閉合,自鎖，松開(kāi)SB1KM1主觸頭閉合,電動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)，運(yùn)行在轉(zhuǎn)速高到確定值時(shí)，KS閉合M3～KM1FRKM2FR單向啟動(dòng)反接制動(dòng)限制L1L2L3FU1FU2KM2SB1KM1SB2KM1KM2QSＲKM1KM2KSn停：按下SB2KM1失電釋放KM2線圈得電，KM2主觸頭閉合，電動(dòng)機(jī)串聯(lián)電阻反接，反接制動(dòng)KM2自鎖觸頭閉合M3～KM1FRKM2FRKS單向啟動(dòng)反接制動(dòng)限制L