翻譯技巧(2)詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法

A.名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞（概述）1.Theywentonstrike

indemandofa40percentwageincrease.

他們舉行罷工，要求工資增加40%。2.Givemelibertyorgivemedeath.

不自由，毋寧死。3.Heisanenemytoreform.

他反對(duì)改革。4.Differencebetweenthesocialsystemofstatesshallnotbeanobstacletotheirapproachandcooperation.

國(guó)與國(guó)社會(huì)制度的不同不應(yīng)妨礙彼此的接近與合作。I.Convertingtoverbs5.IamafraidIcan’tteachyouEnglish.IthinkmydaughterisabetterteacherthanI.

恐怕我教不了你英語(yǔ)，我想我女兒比我教得好。6.TheoperationofacomputerneedssomeknowledgeofEnglish.

操作電腦需要一些英語(yǔ)知識(shí)。I.ConvertingtoverbsA.名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞（基本方法）（一）具有動(dòng)態(tài)意義的名詞（1）“…of…”

結(jié)構(gòu)（2）短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯順序：順譯與逆譯1.Ithasalsoprovidedthebasesforthetraditionalmethodologyofscience:objectiveobservationanddescriptionofsomephenomena,theformulationofahypothesisorhypothesesabouttheeventsobservedandpossiblerelationshipsamongthem,theuseofthesetopredictfutureevents,theverificationofthehypothesesand,onthisbasis,theconstructionofatheoryofsomeareaofnaturalactivity.2.Whatisneededinthecaseofnoiseisastudyoflargenumbersofpeoplelivingundernoisyconditions.就噪音而論，所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音條件下的人數(shù)。3.InsistenceonhumanrightsA.名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞（基本方法）4.Manypeopleinindustryandtheservice,whohavepracticalexperienceofnoise,regardanyinvestigationofthisquestionasawasteoftime.工業(yè)部門和軍隊(duì)中的許多人對(duì)噪音有切身體會(huì)，他們認(rèn)為對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行任何調(diào)查都是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。5.Anacquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.練習(xí)：1.The1967UNdocumentcallsforthesettlementoftheMiddleEastconflictonthebasisofIsraelwithdrawalfromoccupiedterritoriesandArabacknowledgementofIsrael’srighttoexist.2.Oneafteranother,speakerscalledforthedownfallofimperialism,abolitionofexploitationofmanbyman,liberationoftheoppressedoftheworld.3.Until1972,alleffortsbythetwonationstocurbthenucleararmsracehadfounderedononepoint:U.S.insistenceontherighttomakeone-siteinspectionoftheSovietStrategic-arsenalandRussia’srefusal.4.Ithasalsoprovidedthebasesforthetraditionalmethodologyofscience:objectiveobservationanddescriptionofsomephenomena,theformulationofahypothesisorhypothesesabouttheeventsobservedandpossiblerelationshipsamongthem,theuseofthesetopredictfutureevents.Theverificationofthehypothesesand,onthisbasis,theconstructionofatheoryofsomeareaofnaturalactivity.A.名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞（基本方法）（二）英語(yǔ)中含有動(dòng)態(tài)意義的名詞通常翻譯為動(dòng)詞，并根據(jù)需要增添邏輯賓語(yǔ)。1.Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我們的噴氣式飛機(jī)，聽(tīng)見(jiàn)隆隆的（機(jī)聲），令我們特別神往。2.Astheweekdrawtoaclose,theenemyroutwascomplete.一周快結(jié)束時(shí)，敵人徹底潰退了。A.名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞（基本方法）（三）英語(yǔ)中有些以后綴–er,-or結(jié)尾的名詞，在句中并指其身份和職業(yè)，而是含有較強(qiáng)的動(dòng)作意味，需要翻譯為動(dòng)詞。1.IamafraidIcan’tteachyouswimming.IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.我恐怕教不了你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。2.Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman’spastwrongdoings.在和兒子談話時(shí)，老人寬恕了年輕人過(guò)去所干的壞事。3.Heisnosmoker,buthisfatherisachain-smoker.A.名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞（基本方法）（四）短語(yǔ)中的主體名詞通常翻譯為動(dòng)詞1.Thenextnewsbulletin（新聞節(jié)目）,shorterthanusual,madenomentionofthedemonstration.2.ShehadhighpraiseforDr.Smith,althoughshecomplainedabouthisstrictness.3.Thepartybranchsecretaryshowedgreatconcernforthestudents’health4.Hehasalreadymadementionofthematterinhisspeech.練習(xí)（一）1.TheCensusBureau,thedataagencychargedwithcreatingstatisticsonhouseholdincomesandtheirdistribution,doesnotmaintainanofficialdefinitionofmiddleclassstatus.2.Duringthehalf-hourtalk,thetwosidesexchangedviewsonthechoiceoftermsofpayment,buttheymadenomentionofthemodeoftransportation.（在半小時(shí)的商談中，雙方就付款方式交換了意見(jiàn)，但沒(méi)有提到運(yùn)輸方式。）

練習(xí)（二）1.Notonlydoesdarkenergyappeartomakeupthebulkoftheuniverse,butitsexistence,ifitstandsthetestoftime,willprobablyrequirethe

development

ofnewtheoriesofphysics.暗能量視乎占據(jù)了宇宙的大部分空間，不僅如此，如果它的存在能夠經(jīng)受時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)，那么有可能需要建立新的物理學(xué)理論。2.Thesameistrueofgalaxyclusters,thelargestcoherentbodiesintheuniverse---assemblagesofthousandsofgalaxiesembeddedinavastcloudofhotgasandboundtogetherbygravity.對(duì)于星系群來(lái)說(shuō)是如此，星系群是宇宙中最大的聯(lián)合體，集中了數(shù)千個(gè)星系，埋藏在巨大的熱氣云團(tuán)中，由重力聯(lián)系在一起。3.Scientistssaythatgovernmentconstructionofamulti-billion-dollar,permanentspacestationcouldaidindetectingnaturaldisastersonearthinadvance,conductingmedicalresearchandcollectingsolarenergytotransmitback.科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，由政府建造一個(gè)耗資數(shù)十億美元的永久空間站會(huì)有助于預(yù)測(cè)地球上的自然災(zāi)害，進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)研究，以及收集太陽(yáng)能并將其送回地面。4.Theanalysiswillrequirethedevelopmentofnewtheoreticaltoolsbutshouldbewithinourgraspinthenextfewyears.要做這方面的分析就需要開(kāi)發(fā)新的理論工具，不過(guò)今后幾年中我們就會(huì)掌握分析的方法。I.Convertingtoverbs5.Basicallyappliedsciencestartswiththeclearunderstandingofahumanneedandthenusesalltheavailablescientificknowledgetoassistinthesatisfactionofthisneed.歸根到底，應(yīng)用科學(xué)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是清楚地了解人類的某一項(xiàng)需要，然后利用一切現(xiàn)有的科學(xué)知識(shí)去幫助滿足這種需要。6.Purescienceisprimarilyconcernedwiththedevelopmentoftheoriesandtheestablishmentoftherelationsbetweenthephenomenaoftheuniverse.理論科學(xué)的主要任務(wù)是發(fā)展理論，建立宇宙間各種現(xiàn)象之間的關(guān)系。7.Increasingly,thereistalkofviewerparticipationintelevision;two-wayTVprogramswillmakeitpossibletotakepartinasoapoperaorfootballgameasiftheviewerwerethere.人們?cè)絹?lái)越多的談?wù)撝娨曈^眾參與電視節(jié)目的問(wèn)題，雙向電視節(jié)目將使電視觀眾有可能參加電視連續(xù)劇的演出或足球比賽，猶如身臨其境。8.Ingeneral,dryingasolidmeanstheremovalofrelativelysmallamountsofwaterorotherliquidfromthesolidmaterialtoreducethecontentofresidualliquidtoanacceptablelowvalue.一般情況下，固體干燥指的是從固體材料中除去相對(duì)少量的水或其他液體，從而使殘留液體的含量減少到可接受的低水平。A.介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞。（prep.---v.）1.Theroadtodevelopmentislongbutwearefirmlyonit.

發(fā)展的道路雖然漫長(zhǎng)，可我們已堅(jiān)定地走了上這條路。2.Heiswalkingintheparkwithanumbrellainhishand.

他在公園散步，手里拿著一把傘。3.Itisourgoalthatthepeopleintheundevelopedareaswillbefinallyoffpoverty.

我們的目標(biāo)是使不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的人民最終擺脫貧困。4.Thecompanyhasadvertisedinthenewspaperforelectronicexperts.

公司在報(bào)上登廣告招聘電子方面的專家。II.Convertingtoverbs練習(xí)1.Inanymachine,inputworkequalsoutputworkplusworkdoneagainstfriction.任何及其的輸入功都等于輸出功加上克服摩擦所做的功。2.Thistypeoffilmdevelopsintwentyminutes.沖洗詞類膠片需要20分鐘。3.Ananalogcomputermanipulatesdatabyanalogmeans.模擬計(jì)算機(jī)采用模擬方式處理數(shù)據(jù)。4.Theairplanebarreledstraightahead,acrosstheharbourandoutoverthesea.飛機(jī)筆直向前高速飛行，越過(guò)港口，飛臨海面。5.Partyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlamps黨的干部吃簡(jiǎn)陋餓食物，住寒冷的窯洞，靠微弱的燈光，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的工作著。B.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞（adj.---v.）1.Integritymeansyoudowhatyoudobecauseit’srightandnotjustfashionable

orpoliticallycorrect.

誠(chéng)實(shí)意味著去做你認(rèn)為對(duì)的事，而不僅僅是為了趕時(shí)髦或在政治上不出錯(cuò)。2.Don’tbeafraidofthosewhomighthaveabetterideaorwhomightevenbesmarterthanyouare.

不要恐懼那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聰明的人。3.IsMr.Smithfamiliarwiththeperformanceofthelaboratoryequipment?

史密斯先生熟悉實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)備的性能嗎？II.Convertingtoverbs練習(xí)1.Ifwewereignorantofthestructureoftheatom,itwouldbeimpossibleforustostudynuclearphysics.2.Theyweresuspiciousandresentfulofhim.他們懷疑他、討厭他。3.Theywerenotcontentwiththeirpresentachievements.4.Thetop-rankingAsianspecialistwasnotsurewhetherthepolicycouldsavethesituation.高級(jí)亞洲問(wèn)題專家不敢肯定這一策略是否能夠挽救時(shí)局。5.Ifextremelylow-costpowerwereevertobecomeavailablefromlargenuclearpowerplants,electrolytichydrogenwouldbecomecompetitive.如果能從大型核電站獲得成本極低的電力，電解氫就會(huì)具有更大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。6.Thecircuitsareconnectedinparallelintheinterestofasmallresistance.將電路并聯(lián)是為了減小電阻。7.Onceinsidethebody,thevaccineseparatesfromthegoldparticlesandbecomes“active”.一旦進(jìn)入體內(nèi)，疫苗立即與微金粒分離并“激活”。8.Itisnowonderthatscientistsaroundtheworldareracingtoharnessfusion.Buttheraceiscostlyandtimeconsuming.難怪全世界的科學(xué)家都在展開(kāi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，要駕馭聚變過(guò)程。但這一競(jìng)爭(zhēng)既消耗資金又耗費(fèi)時(shí)間。

C.副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞（adv.---v.）1.Whatfilmwillbeonthisevening?

今晚放映什么影片？2.Thatbookwillbeoutprettysoon.

那本書不久就要出版了。3.Inthoseyearstherepublicanswerein.

那些年是共和黨執(zhí)政。4.Doublewindowswerefixedtokeepthecoldout.

安裝雙層窗御寒。練習(xí)：1.Thefatiguelifetestisover.疲勞壽命試驗(yàn)結(jié)束了。Ifonegeneratorisoutoforder,theotherwillproduceelectricityinstead.如果一臺(tái)發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)生故障，另一臺(tái)便代替它發(fā)電。2.Suchservicewillcertainlygofarinextendingthelifecycleofolderequipment.這種保養(yǎng)肯定會(huì)在延長(zhǎng)陳舊設(shè)備的使用周期中大有作為。E.動(dòng)名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞（gerund---v.）

1.Theoriginofthisparticularcultureisfarfromclearing.

這種奇特的文化根源遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有弄清楚。II.ConvertingtoverbsA.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞（v.---n.）1.Thebookdidnotimpressmeatall.

那本書沒(méi)留給我什么印象。2.Harryaimstobecomeacomputerexpert.

哈里的目標(biāo)是成為計(jì)算機(jī)專家。3.Yourworkischaracterizedbylackofattentiontodetail.

你工作的毛病是不注意細(xì)節(jié)。（粗心大意）4.Themachineweighsaboutfivehundredkilograms.

這臺(tái)機(jī)器的重量是500公斤。III.Convertingtonouns5.Whenlightfallsoncertainthings,itbouncesback,whichwesaythelightisreflected.

光照到某種物體上會(huì)彈回來(lái)，我們把這種情況稱之為光的反射。注意：如果英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)跟前后的修飾語(yǔ)不好搭配；或搭配起來(lái)不符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，可以把動(dòng)詞譯成名詞，再在名詞前加上與之搭配的動(dòng)詞。6.Theyouthsalwaysdreamfondlyoftheirfuture.

年輕人對(duì)前途總是懷有美好的夢(mèng)想。7.Independentobservershavecommentedfavorablyontheachievementsyouhavemadeinthisdirection.

有獨(dú)立見(jiàn)解的觀察家們對(duì)你們?cè)谶@方面所取得的成就給予了很高的評(píng)價(jià)。III.ConvertingtonounsB.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞（adj.---n.）

1.Thedaywascloudybutthesunwastryingtocomethrough.

天上有云，不過(guò)太陽(yáng)就要破云而出了。2.Obedienceisobligatoryonasoldier.

服從命令是軍人的天職。3.ManyWesternpeoplearereligious.

很多西方人/西方人多數(shù)都是虔誠(chéng)的教徒。III.Convertingtonouns1.YouareagreaterblockheadthanIhadsupposedyoutobe.

你比我所想象得要傻得多（n.—adj.）2.OurgovernmentshowsgreatconcernfortheChineseresidentabroad.

我國(guó)政府十分關(guān)心海外華僑。3.Hisaddressimpressedmedeeply.

他的講話給我留下很深的印象。4.Fromthefront,backandbothsideswekeptastrictwatchontheenemy.

我們?cè)谇昂笞笥覈?yán)密地監(jiān)視敵人。IV.Convertingtootherpartsofspeech1.HeistherightmanI’mlookingfor.

他正是我在找的人。2.Theunitofweightisthegram,thatoflengthisthemeter,andthatofcapacityistheliter.

重量單位是克，長(zhǎng)度單位是米，容量單位是升。3.Themachinecandimensionallybechangeableaccordingtoconsumers’need.

機(jī)器的在大?。ɑ虺叽纾┛梢愿鶕?jù)用戶的需要改變。4.Allyouhavedoneisproportionaltoallyouhaveachieved.

你的付出和所得成正比。IV.Convertingtootherpartsofspeech5.Tobeindependentisanabsolutenecessityforyoungpeople.

獨(dú)立對(duì)年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)是絕對(duì)必要的。6.Inscience,itisimportanttostatealaworaprincipleaccurately.

在科學(xué)方面定律或定理的準(zhǔn)確敘述十分重要。7.Withslightrepairs,themachinecouldbeinmotion.

只要稱加修理，這臺(tái)機(jī)器便可以運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。8.Thenewmayorearnedrespectduetothecourtesyofvisitingthepoorinthecity.

新市長(zhǎng)有禮貌地訪問(wèn)城市貧民贏得了人們的尊敬。IV.Convertingtootherpartsofspeech在英語(yǔ)中，由形容詞派生的名詞通常翻譯為形容詞，在句中作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthatmoment.ThespokesmanadmittedthefeasibilityoftheAmericanpropos