阿爾法烯烴的基礎油-英力士

ImprovedEfficiencythroughtheuseofSpecialViscosityPolyalphaolefinsDr.LionelD.MooreAssociateResearchChemist,TechnicalSupportPAOBaseFluids,INEOSOligomersMichelSanchezPAOCustomerTechnicalServiceManager,Europe,MiddleEast&NorthAfricaINEOSOligomersEngineLosses:70%ParasiticLosses:5%e.g.waterpump,alternator,etc.DrivetrainLosses:5%IdleLosses:3%Powertowheels:17%FuelEnergy:100%exhaustheat,friction,etc.Theautoindustryismovingtoimprovefuelefficiency.Today’sautosoperateat17-21%efficiency.Thereismuchpotentialforimprovement.

AutoFuelEfficiencyCanBeImprovedTurbo-chargerMulti-speedtransmissionDualclutchtrasmissionBeltCVTPlug-inHybridTailpipeemissions

CO2

HardwarechangesreduceCO2EmissionsElectricViscosityGradeHTHS@150°CKV@100°C(cSt)CurrentSAEX-W302.9min.9.3mm2/s-<12.5CurrentSAEX-W202.6min.5.6mm2/s-<9.3NewSAEX-W202.6min.6.9mm2/s-<9.3NewSAEX-W162.3min.6.1mm2/s-<8.2LowViscosityGradesImproveFuelEconomySource:SAEJ300engineoilclassification,April2013ConstantStructure/QualityReducedEmissionsLowFrictionLowVolatilityExcellentHydrolyticStabilityExcellentLowTemperaturePropertiesCompatiblewithotherBaseoils&ElastomersHighThermal/OxidativeStabilityPAOHighShearStabilityAllowsLongDrainIntervalsPAOs–wellsuitedforLowViscosityOils

Polyalphaolefins

Legislation

hasbeeninstitutedregulatingallaspectsofGreenhouseGasEmissionsRawMaterialProductionRecyclingVehicleOperationLegislationVehicleManufactureFuelEconomyMandatesEmissionRestrictionsWeightRegulationsSource:ICCT34.2mpgby201547mpgby2020TheGlobalMarchTowardsLowerCO2EmissionsSource:ICCT54.4mpgby2025TheGlobalMarchTowardsLowerCO2EmissionsSource:ICCT95gCO2/kmforpassengercarsby2020(69.1mpg)TheGlobalMarchTowardsLowerCO2EmissionsCarsofthefuturewillincorporatenewmaterialsandtechnologiesfuelefficientthanthecarsoftodaythatwillmakethemevenmoreHDPEFuelTankGrangemouth,UKGeel,BELillo,BENOHTechCenter,BESarralbe,FRKoeln,DEBamble,NOLavera,FRRosignano,IT

Carson,CA,USGainesCounty,TX,USAlvin,TX,USLaPorte,TX,USLowrollingResistancetires●MobilAlabama,USA●●●AntwerpBEGladbeckDEMarlDE

●SinopecINEOSJVEthanolFromrefuseVeroBeachFlorida,USCarbonFiberSheetBoeing787

usescarbonfibercompositesCompositeframe&bodypanelsLimaOhio,USALisleIllinois,USAGreenLake,TexasUSAPointComfort,TexasUSALeagueCity,TexasUSAHouston,TexasUSATampico,MexicoK?ln,GermanyAntwerp,BelgiumSealSands,UKUlsanKoreaSeoulKorea

SingaporePasirGudangMalaysiaTHEWORLD’SLARGESTINTEGRATEDPRODUCEROFLOWANDHIGHVISCOSITYPOLYALPHA-OLEFINS

ApplicationsforPAOinclude:

Multi-gradegearoils7W-90/75W-140LowviscositytransmissionoilsIndustrialoilscompressor/gear/circulatingAutomotiveoils5W-20/0W-20/0W-16

Heavy

DutyDieselOilsManyotherswherehighperformanceisrequiredINEOSOligomersistheworld’slargestmerchantsupplierofPAO

Feluy,Belgium

NewPAOtrainaddedin200915%debottleneckplanned

LaPorte,TX,USA

10%debottleneckcompleted

Additionaltrains/plants

alignedwithmarketrequirementsNaturalGasEthaneEthyleneLinearAlphaOlefinsHexeneC6H12OcteneC8H14DeceneC10H20DodeceneC12H24TetradeceneC14H28HexadeceneC16H32OctadeceneC18H36INEOStoExpandAlphaolefinSupply

INEOSbasicinLAODrillingFluidsDetergentsPolyethylenecomonomersPAOfeedstocksLAOCH2=CH-(CH2)nCH3PAO

INEOSExpandsAlphaolefinSupply

NewUSplantbuildcommenced

GulfCoastlocation,350KT500KTAdvantagedEthylene(ShaleGas)

IncrementalexpansionsalsoplannedatJoffreCanadaandFeluyBelgium

INEOSJoffre,CanadaINEOFeluy,BelgiumDurasynPAO

162164166168170Viscosity,cSt,100°C(mm2/s)1.74.0Viscosity,cSt,40°C(mm2/s)5.117.731.047.063.0Viscosity,cSt,-40°C(mm2/s)260270077001700037000ViscosityIndex--123136138139FlashPointCOC(°C)162225240250260Brookfield-40°C(cP)--210069501692026900CCSViscosity-30°C(cP)--850237051108250CCSViscosity-35°C(cP)--14504190888015520NoackVolatility(%wtloss)99.03.0PourPt,(°C)-70-66-60-56-50DurasynPAO145146147148Viscosity,cSt,100°C(mm2/s)7.7Viscosity,cSt,40°C(mm2/s)25.330.238.544.0Viscosity,cSt,-40°C(mm2/s)496768641100014000ViscosityIndex143145145147FlashPointCOC(°C)

240250255262ColdCrankViscosity-30°C(cP)1480195030203580ColdCrankViscosity-35°C(cP)2525332050607000NoackVolatility%wtloss2.0PourPt,°C-45-45-43-40ProposedViscosityGradesBelowSAE20ViscosityGradeHTHS@150°CKV@100°C(cSt)ProposedSAE152.3min.5.6mm2/s-<9.3ProposedSAE102.0min.5.6mm2/s-<9.3ProposedSAE51.7min.5.6mm2/s-<9.3Source:MCovitch,etal.,ExtendingSAEJ300toViscosityGradesbelowSAE20BoundaryLubricationHydrodynamicLubrication1/3ofenginelosses2/3ofenginelosses●●FuelEconomyTrendMovingfrom10W-40to0W-16

EngineOilViscosityGradeSource:J.Jeter,Honda,SAEFuelsandLubricantsOpenForumApril21,2009

+1.5%FuelEconomyImprovement0W-205W-30SequenceVI-D%FuelEconomyvs.OilViscosityGrade

Source:FLockwood,FuelEconomyandEngineDurability,Ashland/Valvoline,April2012

+1.5%12PAOType

Non-Decene

Decene6mm2/sPAOusedDurasyn

146

Durasyn166

Viscosity,mm2/s,100°C7.1

6.9PourPoint,°C-5454NoackVol%wtloss8.08.8CCS-35°C(cP)4,8705,080HTHS150°C(mPa●S)>2.6>2.6FullyformulatedoilsusingindicatedPAO6+PAO4,shearstableVII,TMPEster,andEuropeanadditivepackageSAE0W-20Range6.9<15<62002.6PAOsEasilyMeet0W-20ViscometricRequirementsOW-20FullSyntheticGroupIIIoilsneedPAOtomeet0W-20oilrequirementsFormula(wt%)GroupIIIGroupIII+PAOBetterGroupIII,4.22cSt82.7572.75PAO,4cSt-None-10.00VIImprover7.007.00Additives10.2510.25Viscosity,100°C,mm2/s

8.418.33ViscosityIndex

173174Noack,wt%14.413.2CCS,mPaS,-35°C6,250

5,760BetterGroupIIIPropertiesKV100°C4.22KV40°C19.5KV-40°C---VI122PourPt,°C-15Noack15.2CCS@-30°C1,590CCS@-35°C3,360Source:H.E.Henderson,LithconPetroleumNPRA,Houston,TX,November1-2,2007

GroupIIIoilsneedPAOtomeet0W-20oilrequirements

Formula(wt%)GroupIIIGroupIII+PAOBetterGroupIII,4.22cSt82.7572.75PAO,4cSt-None-10.00VIImprover7.007.00Additives10.2510.25Viscosity,100°C,mm2/s

8.418.33ViscosityIndex

173174Noack,wt%14.413.2

CCS,mPaS,-35°C6,250

5,760HTHS,cP,150°C--2.63SAE0W-20Range>6.9<9.3<15<62002.6--4+6mm2/s

GroupIII6.942.296,220

Yes4+6mm2/s

GroupIII6.402.145,997

Yes4+6mm2/s

GroupIII5.681.935,926

---6+8mm2/s

PAO6.952.315,465

---Viscosityat100°CHTHSat150°CCCS@-35°CVIImprover(24SSI)GroupIIIhasdifficultymeeting0W-15requirementsSource:M.Covitchet.al.,ibid<6200>2.3>5.60W-150W-15HighTemperatureHighShearViscosityHTHS150CEngineWearEngineWearincreaseswithdecreasingHTHSSource:BZhmud,TribologyandLubricantTechnology,September2011Thinneroilsreduceviscouslossesbut

increaseenginewearLowwear(highHTHS)Highwear(lowHTHS)PAOsDecreaseEngineWearwithHigherHTHSPAOshavehigherHTHSviscosityforagivenCCS-35CviscositythanGroupIIIoilsEngineWearHTHS150CCCS-35CHTHS150CKV100C●●PAO●GroupIIILowwearHighwearPropertiesX3.0X3.4X3.6Visc,cSt,100°CVisc,cSt,-40°C1,2101,8981,982ViscosityIndex108119123FlashPoint,°C196210218PourPt,°C-60-50-70NOACK36.431.714.3CCS@-30°C<700<700<700CCS@-35°C940920800NewgradesaidformulationofSub0W-20OilsCanbecombinedwithGroupII/IIImineraloilstooptimizeHTHS,CCSorBrookfield

AdvancedDurasyn174I

AdvancedDurasyn180RAdvancedDurasyn180IKV@100°C,mm2/s50102134KV@40°C,mm2/s4129381,261ViscosityIndex186204215PourPoint-42-40-39

NoackVolatility1.5%1%<1%KRLShearStability,20Hr0.6%0.7%1.0%Composition1-Decene1-Decene1-DeceneApplicationsofDurasyn?HighViscosityPAOs

PCMO/HDDO

Industrial&TransportationGear

AutomaticTransmissionFluid/DCT

WindTurbineGearOils

CompressorOils

FoodGradeLubricants

Greases

INEOSproprietarycatalysttechnologyplus1-Deceneachievesimprovedproperties:ConsistentBackboneArchitectureImprovedviscosityindex>180ImprovedcoldtemperaturepropertiesBetterpropertiesthan“conventional”

decene-basedhighviscosityPAOs.Durasyn?HighViscosityPolyalphaolefinsNewPropertyMapofNextGenerationHighViscosityPAOs

●●●●●INEOSHighViscosityPolyalphaolefinPropertyMap

HigherViscosityIndexLowerVolatility100°CViscosityHigherThermal/OxidativeStabilityLowerBrookfieldViscosityConventionalHighViscosityPAOINEOSHighViscosityPAOs…

AllowAdditivePackagestobefortified.Allowbroaderchoiceofhigherviscosity,lessvolatileco-baseoils.MakewideMulti-gradedoilspossible.Durasyn?HighViscosityPolyalphaolefins75W-XXMulti-gradesOffer:

IncreasedFuelEconomyExtendedDrainIntervalsReducedMaintenanceReducedDownTimeLessOilDisposalDurasyn?HighViscosityPolyalphaolefins75W-140DemonstrationOils*AdvancedDurasynHiVisConventionalPAO100Viscosity@100°C

25

25ViscosityIndex203168Brookfield,-40°C,cP68,000140,000ShearStability,20Hr<1.0%<1.0%*FullyformulatedoilswithPAO4,Ester,Additives75W-140withPAO875W-140withPAO675W-140withPAO475W-140withPAO4+ConventionalHiVisDurasyn164+INEOSHighVisDurasyn166+INEOSHighVisDurasyn168+INEOSHighVis150,000cPLimitBrookfieldViscosityat-40°C75W-140OilsusingPAO8andINEOSAdvancedHiVisPAOs75W-140withPAO4+ConventionalHiVis75W-140withPAO475W-140withDS-146

75W-140withPAO675W-140withDS-14875W-140withPAO8Durasyn146+INEOSHighVisDurasyn148+INEOSHighVisBrookfieldViscosityat-40°C150,000cPLimitBrookfieldAdvantageofINEOS140SeriesPAOs&AdvancedHiVisDecene:thebestfeedforHighViscosityPAOs

Durasyn