過去分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語

abandonedfarms,tainedcamels,mealscookedbyexperts,thoseinvited,themoneyleft,單個的過去分詞作定語時，置于被修飾詞之前；過去分詞短語作定語時，位于被修飾詞之后。但是，left作后置定語themoneyleft，另外，修飾those,anything,sth,nobody,nothing等代詞的過去分詞也后置。如，sthdiscussed歸納總結(jié)及物動詞的過去分詞作定語時，與其被修飾詞之間有邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。如：boiledwater開水;asingersurroundedbyagroupoffans被粉絲包圍的歌手。知識拓展有時既表被動又表完成：thenovelwrittenbyLuxun=thenovelwhichwaswrittenbyLuxun.anescapedprisoner,theretiredmanager,afallentree,returnedstudents,fallenleaves,developedcountries,therisensun結(jié)論：不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語只表示完成.2.過去分詞短語作定語：通常后置，其作用相當(dāng)于定語從句。及物動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)，不及物轉(zhuǎn)成主動語態(tài)。aletterwritteninpencilthebookrecommendedbyJackthemachinesproducedlastyearThissubstance,discoveredalmostbyaccident,hasrevolutionizedmachine.=aletterwhichwaswritteninpencil=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbyJack=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyear=Thissubstance,whichwasdiscoveredalmostbyaccident,hasrevolutionizedmachine.anescapedprisoner:theretiredmanager:afallentree:aprisonerwhohasescapedthemanagerwhohasretiredatreewhichhasfallen一個正在睡覺的孩子一個發(fā)展中國家正在沸騰的水一個令人吃驚的表情asleepingchildadevelopingcountryboilingwaterasurprisinglookafallingtreeafallentreeboilingwaterboiledwaterfallingleavesfallenleavesaflying

birdpreparedbreakfastasnow-coveredcity過去分詞作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有________關(guān)系，表示該動作的_____或者______;現(xiàn)在分詞作定語與它所修飾的名詞存在邏輯上的______關(guān)系，表示該動作的______或者______.動賓

被動

完成主謂

主動

進行

abuildingtobebuilthereabuildingbeingbuilthereabuildingbuilthere歸納總結(jié)tobedone表將來beingdone表正在進行done表完成Hewillspeakinthemeeting___(hold)onFriday.Thepark___(build)lastyearattractsmanytouristseverydaynow.Theapartment____(build)hereistobecompletednextyear.Wewilldiscusstheproblem___(refer)tonexttime.tobeheldbuiltbeingbuiltreferredExercisesDon’tusewords,expressions,orphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.knownAswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igot____frommyfriendsA.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missedCleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget___bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayTheOlympicGames,____in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplayingDACC5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce___nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun6.Thetelevisionisa___machine.A.newly-inventedB.new-inventedC.newly-inventD.newly-invention7.___Englishisdifferentfrom____Englishinmanyways.A.Spoken,writtenB.Speaking,writtenC.Spoken,writingD.Speak,writeDAA9.Pricesofdailygoods___throughacomputercanbelowerthansomestoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying10.MrSmith,____ofthe___speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boringBAII.過去分詞做表語1過去分詞（短語）作表語時，其作用相當(dāng)于adj.,說明的是主語的狀態(tài)Allthewindowsarebroken.Allhopeisgone.Thisarticleiswellwritten.Heappearedmoresatisfiedwithmywork.2過去分詞做表語與現(xiàn)在分詞做表語的區(qū)別（1）現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征，意為“另人怎樣。。”，有主動的意思。如：exciting,moving,amusing,astonishing,frightening,interesting,relaxing,shocking,surprising,terrifying,tiringetc.(2)過去分詞作表語多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，意為“對。?；蚴艿皆鯓印?，有被動的意思.如：excited,moved,amused,astonished,frightened,interested,relaxed,satisfied,surprised,terrified,tiredetc.eg,Theygotveryexcited.(3).過去分詞作表語時和動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，但兩者表達的意思明顯不同，前者說明主語的特點及所處的狀態(tài)，而后者強調(diào)動作。Theglassisbroken.Theglasswasbrokenbymylittlebrother.1.Seeingthe______tiger,thegirlstandstherewitha____lookonherface.Afrightening,frigtheningBfrightened,frigtheningCfrightening,frigthenedDfrightened,frigthened2、Thequestionthereporteraskedwere_____andtheymademe____A.embarrassed,emabarrassingBembarrassing,emabarrassedC.embarrassed,emabarrassedDembarrassing,emabarrassing3、Mrsmith,___ofthe____speech,startedtoreadanovelAtiredboringBtiring,b