過去分詞講解版

Pastparticiple

非謂語(yǔ)不定式表將來現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)進(jìn)行過去分詞被動(dòng)完成表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)過去分詞做表語(yǔ)做表語(yǔ)的過去分詞主要來自于及物動(dòng)詞，在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中，說明所處的狀態(tài)。eg。Youseemfrightened.Youaremistaken.注意要區(qū)分"系動(dòng)詞（be）+過去分詞”（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）和“系動(dòng)詞（be）+過去分詞”（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）。Thelibraryisnowclosed.Thelibraryisclosedatsix。作表語(yǔ)的過去分詞表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主謂關(guān)系。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。過去分詞作定語(yǔ)anhonoredguestaretiredteacherthefallenleavesWhereweretheguestsinvitedtoyourpartylastnight?單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞之前,表示被動(dòng)和完成意義。不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞不表被動(dòng)，表完成過去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在被修飾的名詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句multiplechoices1Mostoftheartists____tothepartywerefromsouthAfrica。A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited2Didyougototheparty_____onNewYear'sEve?A.heldB.tobeholdingC.tobeheldD.beingheld3Englishisoneofthemostwidely____languagesintheworld.A.useB.UsingC.usedD.touse4。_____Englishisdifferentfrom____Englishinmanyways.A.Spoken;writtenB.Speaking;writtenC.Spoken；writingD。Speak；write5。Thebridge_____nowovertheChangjiangRiverwilbecompleteattheendofthisyear。A.builtB.isbeingbuiltC.beingbuiltD.tobebuilt

過去分詞做賓補(bǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是用來補(bǔ)充說明句子的賓語(yǔ)。過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)有以下特點(diǎn)：①過去分詞常表示動(dòng)作的完成，狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的全過程。②賓語(yǔ)與過去分詞在邏輯上常存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系③不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞做賓補(bǔ)時(shí)沒有被動(dòng)意義，只表示動(dòng)作的完成和狀態(tài)。帶有過去分詞做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有四大類①.表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：see，hear，find,notice,watch,feel等，eg.Wefindeverythingaroundcompletelychanged.Sheheardthedoorshutwithabang.②。表示'致使"的動(dòng)詞：make，get，have，leave,keep等。意為：使某人或某事被...eg.Hestoodupinordertomakehimselfseenbyothers。③.表示希望要求等意義的詞：like，want，wish，order等，意為希望要求某事或某人被...eg.Thereaderswishedthestorycontinued.④.with+賓語(yǔ)+Ved表示賓語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。注意：做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的過去分詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞，若是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面需加介詞。Sheishappytohearherbabywelllookedafter。multiplechoices1.Johnwasmade____thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.tobewashingB.washingC.washD.towash2.Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.Imusthaveit____.A.repairB.repairingC.torepairD.repaired3.Whatevershesaid,shecouldn'tmakeherself_____.A.understandB.tounderstandC.understandingD.understood

4.Themotherssawtheirchildrenwell____atthenursery.A.takingcareofB.totakecareofC.tobetakencareofD.takencareof5.Whenheenteredtheroom,hefoundMary____atthedesk.A.seatingB.satC.seatedD.sittingherself6.Inordernottobedisturbed,Ispentthreehours___inmystudy.A.lockingB.lockedC.tolockD.beinglock過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過去分詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，與主句的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，可以表示時(shí)間，原因，條件，結(jié)果，讓步，行為方式或伴隨情況等。eg.Armedwithknives,thepeasantsrushedintothehouse.Movedbywhatshesaid,wecouldn'tdotheworkbetter.二.用法說明①分詞動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是主句的主語(yǔ)。若分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是主句的主語(yǔ)，則不用分詞，應(yīng)用完整的狀語(yǔ)從句或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。eg.Movedbyhisstory,sheburstintotears.Becauseshewasmovedbyhisstory,tearscameoutofhereyes.②使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)根據(jù)主句主語(yǔ)和分詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系來確定。若構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞；若構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞。③習(xí)慣做插入語(yǔ)起評(píng)注說明作用，用法固定，不用考慮邏輯上的關(guān)系。常用的有：generallyspeaking，considering，supposingthat（假如）talkingof（說到，談到）judgingfrom（從..來判斷）seeingthat（鑒于）multiplechoices1._____withpaperbooks,e-bookswouldhavemoreadvantages.A.ComparedB.ComparingC.TocomparedD.Ifcomparing2.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,___bytwostudents.A.tobefollowedB.followedC.followingD.tofollow3.Thestudentsenteredtheclassroom，___theirteacher.A.followingB.followedC.followD.byfollowing4.____fromhislooks,heisakindman.A.judgingB.BeingjudgingC.TojudgeD.Judge5._____thewindowsandthedoor,thestudentslefttheroom.A.BeingclosedB.ClosedC.HavingclosedD.Toclose6._____adeepbreath,theydivedintowater.A.takenB.TakingC.TotakeD.Tookpractice1.Pricesofdailygoods_____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.

A.areboughtB.bought

C.beenboughtD.buying2.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.

A.HavingwrittenB.tobewritten

C.beingwrittenD.written3．Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.

A．pay

B．paying

C．paid

D．topay

4.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot______frommyfriends.

A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed5.Mostoftheartists_____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.

A.invitedB.toinvite

C.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited

6.Thecomputercenter,_____lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.

A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened7.Thegirl_____downwasdying.

A.knockB.knockedC.knockingD.toknock8.—Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?

—Thekey_____theproblemistomeetthedemand_____bythecustomers.

A.tosolving;making

B.tosolving;made

C.tosolve;making

D.tosolve;made9.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.

A.beingknownB.havingbeenknown

C.tobeknownD.known

10.Theforeignguest,______bytheinterpretcameoutofthehall.A.followingB.tofollowC.followedD.tobefollowed

11.Heseemsquite_____attheidea.A.pleasing.B.pleased.C.please.D.pleasant.

12.Shefeltrather_______thatsheshouldn’tdrivethecaratsucha_______speed.

A.frightening,frighteningB.frightened,frightenedC.frightening,frightenedD.frightened,frightening13.TellMarythatthere’ssomeone____forheratthedoor.

A.waiting.B.waits.C.waited.D.towait.14.Thereisabigdog____toafenceoutsidethehouse.

A.tying.B.tied.C.totie.D.ties.15.TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912