賓語從句講解

Unit2SectionAGrammarFocusReviewTheshapeofontheMid-Autumnnighttraditionalfolkstoriesshootdownliveforeverflyuptothemooncalloutone’snamelayout以......形狀在中秋之夜傳統(tǒng)的民間故事?lián)袈溟L生不老；永生向上飛向月亮大聲叫喊某人的名字?jǐn)[開；布置Objectclauseswith

that,ifandwhether一、賓語從句的概念

在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。Ilikeyou(賓語）.Hisbooksarebeautiful.(賓語）

WeknowthatMrGreenteachesEnglish.SheaskedifhelikesEnglish.二、賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞

引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）that/if/whether/who/which/whose/when/where/why/how語序:陳述句語序Areyouapupil?—youareapupil.DoyoulikeLyf?—youlikeLyf.Doeshegotoschool?—hegoestoschool.Doesshehaveabook?---shehasabook.DidMJdohomework?—MJdidhomework.DidhegotoBJ？——hewenttoBJ.HaveyougonetoBJ?----hehasgonetoBJ.Willtheyeatfood?-------theywilleatfood.

—I

think

that

theSpringFestivalisreallyfun.

I

wanttoknowwho

heis.Iwonder

which

bookhewantedtobuy

Iwonder

if

youliketheSpringFestival.Idon’tknowwhether

youlikedumplings.三：賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+think/believe/wonder/know+that/if/whether/which/where/when/who/what/how+從句(陳述句語序）

從句形式：一：當(dāng)從句為陳述句時(shí)候：由that引導(dǎo)，從句保持陳述語序。主語+謂語動詞(think/believe/wonder/know)+that+從句Iknowthatheisadoctor.Hethinksthatmybookisold.二：當(dāng)從句為一般疑問句時(shí)候，由if/whether引導(dǎo)，從句保持陳述語序。主語+謂語動詞(think/believe/wonder/know)+if/whether+從句Doyoustudyforatest?1,首先變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序：youstudyforatest.2,由if/whether引導(dǎo)3.Iwanttoknowifyoustudyforatest?Didyoustudyforatest?------youstudiedforatest.Heaskedifyouyoustudiedforatest?三：特殊疑問詞的賓語從句

主語+think/wonder等+what/where/when/who/which/how+陳述句語序Whatdoyouhave?-----whatyouhaveWhatdidyouhave?------whatyouhadWhatdoeshehave?-----whathehasWheredidyougo?-----whereyouwentWheredidyouplay?-----whereyouplayedWhichbookdoyoubuy?----whichbookyouboughtWhichbookdoeshebuy?-----whichbookhebuys.Iwonderwhatyouhave?Iwonderwhichbookyoubought?選出哪個(gè)是賓語從句√√√TheseplanetwillproducefoodandoxygenthatweneedtoliveonMars.ScientistswilldevelopplantsthatcangrowonMars.PeoplethinkthathumansonMarshavetowearspecialbootstomakethemselvesheavier.WeallknowthatMarsisaplanetinthesolarsystem.ThejourneytoMarscouldtakeonlyaveryshorttimeinspaceshuttlesthattravelathalfthespeedoflight.SomescientistsdonotbelievethatthejourneytoMarswillbeverycomfortable.1.Ihear(that)_______________________.2.Hesaid(that)______________________.3.Theteachertoldus(that)_______________________________.

hewillbebackinanhour

hemissedusverymuch

theearthmoves由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句注：that在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，在口語當(dāng)中往往省略。aroundthesunObjectclauseswiththatⅡ.if和whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，要注意賓語從句三要素，即連詞、語序和時(shí)態(tài)。由于if和whether連接的是一般疑問句，因此要注意把從句語序改為陳述句語序。如：

DoesMrZhaoliveinRoom208?Couldyoutellme?→Couldyoutellmeif/whetherMrZhaolivesinRoom208?Doyouhavemuchmoney?Whatdoesthebabycatask?Heasksifhisfatherhasmuchmoney.AmIcool?Whatdoesthebabyask?Heasksif/whetherheiscool.Doyouloveme?Whatdidthegirlasktheyoungman?Sheaskedif/whethertheyoungmanlovedher.CanIfly?Whatdoesthebabywonder?Hewondersif/whetherhecanfly.Willyoutakemetothesky?WhatdoesthegirlasktheSpiderman?Sheasksif/whethertheSpidermanwilltakehertothesky.賓語從句屬于名詞性從句。在句子中起名詞作用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞詞組，在全句中充當(dāng)主句的賓語連接詞原句句式解析例句that原句是陳述句that只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。①Hesaid(that)hewasfromJapan．②Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.③Iamsure(that)hisdreamwillcometrue.if/whether

原句是一般疑問句if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。在口語中常用if。注：與ornot連用時(shí)須用whether，不能用if。①Idon’tknowwhether/ifhehasfinishedhiswork．②Ican’tsaywhetherornot

hecancomeontime．1.Iwonder_________you’llhaveabirthdaypartythisyear.2.Doyouknow______theChineseSpringFestivalusuallyfallsinJanuaryorFebruary?3.Heisthinkingabout_________he’llgohomenow.4.Idon’tknow________mymotherwilltakeadayoffornot.5.Webelieved_________ourdreamwouldcometrueoneday.Fillintheblankswiththat,iforwhetherif/whetherthatwhetherwhetherthat介詞后用whether。whether與ornot連用連詞that不能省略的幾種情況在由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，由于連詞that只起引導(dǎo)功能，無具體意義，不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成份，因此在口語或非正式的文體中?？墒÷?。然而，大凡規(guī)則總有例外的情況，在下列that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，that則不能省略。1.從句的主語是that。如：

Hesaysthatthatisarealking’shat.

他說那是一個(gè)真的王冠。2.that從句中含有主從復(fù)合句。如：

I’mafraidthatifyou’velostit,youmustpayforit.3.主、從句之間有插入語時(shí)。如：

Itsayshere,onthiscard,thatitwasusedinplays.

卡片上寫著，它是古代演戲用的。4.若出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩上以上的由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，且由并列連詞連接時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)連詞that可以省略。如：

Shesaid(that)shewouldcomeandthatshewouldalsobringherson.

她說她要來，還要帶她的兒子來。Ⅰ.if和whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，作“是否”講，一般情況下，二者沒有區(qū)別，可以換用。但if常用于口語中，whether比較正式。如：

Millieaskedif/whetherhelikedthissweater.

米莉問他是否喜歡這件毛衣。

Thefishermanwantstoknowif/whetheritwillrain.

漁民想知道天是否會下雨。Objectclauseswithifandwhether由if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Ⅲ.if和whether的區(qū)別二者在下列幾種情況下不能換用：1.賓語從句置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，應(yīng)用whether，不用if。如：

Whetherthisistrueornot,I’mnotsure.

這是否是真的，我不確定。2.賓語從句與ornot直接連用時(shí)，應(yīng)用whether，不能用if。如：

Idon’tknowwhetherornothewillcometomorrow.

我不知道他明天是否來。3.與動詞不定式連用時(shí)，只能用whether。如：

Shecan’tdecidewhethertogotoAmerica.

她不能決定是否去美國。4.從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，只能用whether。如：

IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.

我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。5.賓語從句的謂語動詞是否定形式時(shí)，只能用if，不能用whether。如：

Tomwantstoknowifshewon’tcomeheretomorrow.

湯姆想知道她明天是否不來這兒。6.if意為“假如，如果”時(shí)，可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，而whether沒有這個(gè)用法。如：

IfSimoncomesheretomorrow,I’llcallyou.

假如西蒙明天來這兒，我將打電話告訴你。1.若主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用任何所需時(shí)態(tài)。如：

Hewantstoknowif/whethertheyhadagoodjourneyhome.

他想知道他們回家旅途是否愉快。賓語從句中時(shí)態(tài)的變化1.Iwonder_________you’llhaveabirthdaypartythisyear.2.Doyouknow______theChineseSpringFestivalusuallyfallsinJanuaryorFebruary?3.Heisthinkingabout_________he’llgohomenow.4.Idon’tknow________mymotherwilltakeadayoffornot.5.Webelieved_________ourdreamwouldcometrueoneday.Fillintheblankswiththat,iforwhetherif/whetherthatwhetherwhetherthat介詞后用whether。whether與ornot連用Shesays(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday.她說她從周一至周五上班。（從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.她說她要在他桌子上留個(gè)便條。（從句是一般將來時(shí)）Shesays(that)shehasneverbeentoMountEmei.她說她從來沒有去過峨嵋山。（從句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）2.若主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句則用跟過去相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)為過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)。

Didthetrainleave?Shedidn’tknow.→Shedidn’tknowif/whetherthetrainhadleft.從句時(shí)態(tài)改成相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般將來時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去將來時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主句時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.他說昨天下午沒有課。(從句是一般過去時(shí))Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.他說他會去照看這個(gè)嬰兒。(從句是過去將來時(shí))Hesaid(that)theywerehavingameetingatthattime.他說他們那時(shí)正在開會。(從句是過去進(jìn)行時(shí))1.從句表達(dá)的是客觀真理，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2.從句中有明確表示過去時(shí)間的詞，則從句依然是一般過去時(shí)注意：Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.HewonderedifyoustudiedintheUSAin1990.主句時(shí)態(tài)從句時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、祈使句時(shí)根據(jù)句意的需要用任意一種時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)與原句相對應(yīng)的過去的時(shí)態(tài)客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言警句、諺語等一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)賓語從句歌學(xué)習(xí)賓從三注意，時(shí)態(tài)語序和連詞。時(shí)態(tài)主從要呼應(yīng)：主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)隨句意；主句若為過去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)變過去；賓從若是表真理，時(shí)態(tài)不變無質(zhì)疑。語序要用陳述序，切莫照搬疑問句。That

連接陳述句，省與不省要注意。從句若表“是否”時(shí)，if/whether要慎記。特殊問句作賓語，仍用原來疑問詞。三個(gè)問題需牢記，切莫丟東忘了西。Writesentencesusingthewordsgiven.think/LanternFestival/beautifuldon’tknow/whether/he/comehome/forthefestivalIthinkthattheLanternFestivalisbeautiful.Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomehomeforthefestival.4a4.wonder/if/mooncakes/deliciousIwonderifthemooncakesaredelicious.3.believe/WaterFestival/most/funIbelievethattheWaterFestivalisthemostfun.1.Idon'tknowifMr.Wang_____onafieldtrip.Ifhe_____onafieldtriptomorrow,pleasecallme.A.goes;willgoB.willgo;goesC.willgo;willgoD.goes;goes2.SheaskedmeifIknew______.A.whosepenwasitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenisitBBChoosetherightanswers.3.Theywonderediftheteacher______usEnglishthenextterm.A.wouldteachB.hadtaughtC.willteachD.taught4.Theboyasked______anynoisefromoutside.A.whetherhadIheardB.whetherIhadheardC.whetherhaveIheardD.whetherIhaveheardAB5.Ihaven’tdecide_____I’llgooutorstayathome.A.ifB.whenC.whyD.whether6.Iwanttoknow______helovesyou.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.whoDC7.Iwondered_____ourteacherwasgoingtoattendourparty.A.whetherB.whatC.whereD.that8.I’dliketoknow_____ornot.A.whetherwillhecomeB.whetherhashecomeC.whetherhewillcomeD.ifhewillcomeAC根據(jù)漢語句子的意思完成下列英語句子。1.我認(rèn)為瑪麗不來了。

Idon’tthinkMary____________.2.山姆給我說他準(zhǔn)備去上海。

Samtoldmethathe______________forShanghai.3.我想知道今天晚上還有沒有去北京的火車。

Iwanttoknow_________thereisatraintoBeijingtonight.willcome

was

leavingif/whether

改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句1.Willthetrainarriveontime?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow__________thetrain_________ontime.2.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.LiLeiwantstoknow___________Peter_________hereyesterday.willarriveif/whether

cameif/whether

1.我們不知道我們能否在火星上種植植物。

Wearewondering__________________________________onMars.2.你能告訴我是不是有許多人打算搬到火星上去嗎？

Couldyoutellme_____________________

__________________toMars?whether/ifwecanif/whethermanypeoplearegoingtomovegrowplantsCompletethesentences.3.我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。

Idon'tknow_________________________anywashingathome.4.我擔(dān)心是否傷害了她的感情。

Iamworriedabout__________________

_________.whetherornothedoeswhetherIhurtherfeelings1.UncleWangcameuptosee__________therewasanythingwrongwiththemachine.2.Theshopkeeperaskedmyfather________ornothewantedtochooseabigChristmastree.if/whetherwhether3.Idon’tknow__________togoorstay.4.________thatistrue,whatshouldwedo?whetherIf5.________theywilleverbecomefutureOlympicchampionsonlytimewilltell.

WhetherCompletethesentenceswithif/whether.It’sgoodtoknow_____thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that【答案】D【解析】考查名詞性從句。動詞know之后為賓語從句，從句中不缺少成分，故用that表陳述一件實(shí)事。()—Doyouknow______tomorrow?—Sorry,Idon'tknow.YoumaysurftheInternet.A.whetherwillitrainB.ifitwillrain

C.whetherdoesitrainB典型例題()—Iwonder___________.—I'mafraidwe'llbelate.A.howwecanbeontimeB.whatwearegoingtodoC.whywegettoschoollate D.ifwewillarriveatthemeetingontimeD()OvertheseyearsIhavehadanewunderstandingof_____peopletraditionallycallaperfectperson.A.how B.what C.who D.whomA()Canyoutellme_____inthefuture?A.howlifewillbelikeB.howwilllifebelikeC.whatlifewillbelikeD.whatwilllifebelikeC()—Doyouknow_____?—AttheendofJuly.A.howsoonisyoursisterrunningbackhomeB.howoftenNancyfromherpenfriendC.whentheLondonOlympicGameswillbeheldD.whenwillthenewcomputergamecomeoutC()---Peter,isthereanythingelseyouwanttoknowaboutChina?---Yes,Iamstillwondering_____.A.howisChinesepapercutmadeB.howwastheGreatWallbuiltinancienttimesC.whytheChinesepeopleliketoplaythedragondanceD.whydotheChinesepeopleeatricedumplingsatDragonBoatFestivalC()Iwonder______.A.ifDrMastillworksontheORBISplaneB.howmuchdoesthetallestmanintheworldweighC.whenAudreyHepburnhadenteredthefilmindustryD.thatArmstrongwasthefirstmantowalkonthemoonA()—Mum,canwegototheartmuseumtomorrow?—Sure.Butfirstweshouldfindout________.A.whatcanwedoB.wherewecangoC.howcanwegothereD.ifitwillbeopenD()Wedon’tknow_______themeetingwillbeheldsoon.A.when B.what

C.whether D.sinceC()Doyouknow______Guangzhoutomorrow?A.whethertheyleavefor

B.whetherwilltheyleaveforC.whethertheyareleavingforC()I'vedecidedtogotoLondonnextweekend.Iwaswondering______youcouldgowithme.A.ifB.whenC.thatD.whereA()—Doyouthink_____XiaoMingcanpassthehighschoolentranceexamornot?—Sorry,I’venoidea.A.thatB.which

C.ifD.whetherD()Hesaidthatlight______muchfasterthansound.A.hastravelled B.went

C.travels D.travelledC()Theywonder________robotswillmakehumanslosetheirjobsornot.A.thatB.ifC.whether()Ourphysicsteachertolduslight_______fasterthansound.A.travelsB.traveledC.travelingD.totravelCA()

(2016·湖南衡陽)Myneighboraskedme_____Iheardthebignoiselastnightornot.A.whetherB.ifC.whatA中考鏈接()(2016·江蘇南京)---Areyougoingcampingthisafter?---Atyphooniscoming.I’mnotsure_____theroadtothemountainwill