新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語綜合教程3Unit2語言知識點(diǎn)

精讀U2GlobalReading_1PartsPara(s).MainIdeas121~23~7Loveishardtodefinebecauseitcanonlybefeltbutnotdescribed.Theauthordiscussesloveofdifferentdepthsfromherownexperiences.38~12Thetwogenerationshandleloveandrelationshipsdifferently.Theyoungergenerationtendstobemorehastyandselfishinbuildingrelationships.413~14Theauthoradvisesyoungpeopletolearntheessenceofloveandfindwaystodeveloprelationshipsintolifelongbonds.TextOrganizationholdon:

tocontinueinspiteofdifficultiesDetailedReading_t1_holdonDespiteallthehardships,heheldontohispursuitoffurtherstudyabroad.Weshouldholdontoourbusinessduringtherecession./depression在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退時期我們要把業(yè)務(wù)堅(jiān)持下去。defy:vt.1)tomakeimpossibleorunsuccessfulDetailedReading_t1_defy1Thisproblemdefiedsolution.Thathorriblescenedefiedanydescription.那個恐怖的場景難以描述。此問題無法解決。2)torefusetoobeyThesecriminalswhohaddefiedthelawwereeventuallypunished.defytheauthority

反抗權(quán)威defythegovernment

蔑視政府defyseverecold

不畏嚴(yán)寒defyenumeration

不勝枚舉defylawshumananddivine

無法無天Collocations:DetailedReading_t1_defy2這些動詞均含有“反抗”，“抵抗”之意。普通用詞，可表不同程度的抵抗。指公開地、勇敢地反對或抵抗，有時含公然挑釁之意。指積極地反抗一種攻擊、暴力或誘惑。CF:oppose,defy&resistopposedefyresist1.Ourtroopersaretheenemies’attacks.2.Thisnewplanhasbeenstubbornlysinceitwasputforward.3.Thelittleboycouldn’tthetemptationandateupallthecake.4.Hethecourtorderbyleavingthecountry.Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.opposed_______resisting_______resist_____defied_____oppose,defy&resistoverwhelming:adj.overpoweringineffectorstrengthDetailedReading_t1_overwhelmingThegirlscreamedwithoverwhelmingjoyatthesightofherbirthdaypresent,apinkdress.巨大的壓力終于讓他精神崩潰了。Heeventuallygotanervousbreakdownundertheoverwhelmingpressure.given:prep.DetailedReading_t1_givenifonetakesintoaccount如果考慮到，倘若考慮到公司上半年業(yè)績不佳(poorachievement)

，我們決定暫緩這次投資。Giventhecompany’spoorachievementinthefirsthalfoftheyear,wedecidedthattheinvestmentbeleftaside.Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.indulge:vi.DetailedReading_t1_indulge[oftenusedwithin]toallowoneselftohaveordosth.thatoneenjoys,esp.sth.thatisconsideredratherbadorharmful我們應(yīng)該給孩子們提供更多引導(dǎo)，以免他們沉迷于電腦游戲。Weshouldgivethechildrenmoreguidance,incasetheyindulgein

PCgames.DetailedReading_t1_indulge這兩個動詞均含“縱容”，“遷就”之意?？v容，易造成性情的扭曲。例如：

指遷就或放任某人應(yīng)該節(jié)制的欲望、要求或感情。例如：Don’tspoilthechildbygivinghimwhateverheasksfor.不要對孩子有求必應(yīng)，這樣會慣壞他。Shealwaysindulgesinidledaydreams.她總是沉溺于徒勞的白日夢中。CF:spoil&indulgespoilindulgegroom:vt.DetailedReading_t2_groomtotakecareoftheappearanceof(oneself)bydressingneatly,keepingthehairtidy,etc.Aflightattendantshouldalwaysbeperfectlygroomed.小女孩正在鏡子前仔細(xì)地打扮自己。Thelittlegirlisgroomingherselfcarefullyinfrontofthemirror.空中服務(wù)員應(yīng)該總是渾身上下干凈利落。buildon/upon:DetailedReading_t3_buildontobaseonOurcompany’sfuturedevelopmentisbuiltonrecentsuccess.我們公司未來的發(fā)展是以近來的成功為基礎(chǔ)的。好的婚姻應(yīng)該建立在相互理解的基礎(chǔ)上。Agoodmarriageshouldbebuiltonmutualunderstanding.affection:n.fondness;gentlelastinglove,likethatofaparentforachildDetailedReading_t3_affection1Theprincipalhadafatherlyaffectionfortheyoungsters.Theoldmanfeltgreataffectionforhisgranddaughter.這些名詞均含“愛”，“熱愛”之意。指對人的愛慕或深厚、溫柔的感情，強(qiáng)調(diào)感情的深沉。比affection的語氣更強(qiáng)。表示一種難以控制的激情。通常用于書面文字中，既可指對某人某物的喜歡，又可指出自理智對某人或某物的熱愛，尤指長時間的愛。CF:affection,love&attachmentaffectionloveattachment1.Fatherlookedathislittledaughterinthewhiteweddingdresswithgreatandalittlesadness.2.IneverrealizemytothecomfortsofhomeuntilIhavetoleaveit.3.Theyoungcoupleeachothersomuchthattheycan’tstandamomentapart.DetailedReading_t3_affection2Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.love____affection_______attachment_________flesh:n.DetailedReading_t3_fleshthebodyasopposedtothemindorsoulThespiritiswillingbutthefleshisweak.Lifeisnotthepursuitoffleshpleasures.心有余而力不足。flesh-eating

食肉的fleshandblood

血肉之軀intheflesh

活生生的，本人makeone’sfleshcreep 心驚肉跳Collocations:constraint:n.

DetailedReading_t4_constraintsth.thatlimitsone’sfreedomofactionAllconstraintsvanishedbetweenthetwogirlssoon,andtheybegantotalkfreely.Weshouldnotignorethemoralconstraintsinourpursuitofsuccess.restraint:n.

DetailedReading_t4_restrainttheactofrestrainingortheconditionofbeingrestrainedThepoliceofficershowedgreatrestraintwhatevertheyoungmansaidtohim.隨著孩子們漸漸長大，他們開始反抗父母的管束。Astheygrowolder,kidsbegintorebelagainsttherestraints

imposedbytheirparents.Idreamoflivingafreelife,awayfromtherestraintsofurbanexistence.haste:n.DetailedReading_t4_haste1quicknessofmovement,hurryWhyallthehaste?欲速則不達(dá)。Morehaste,lessspeed.這些詞均含“迅速”，“急速”之意。中性詞，用作褒義指動作迅速，事情做得又快又好；作貶義用時，指做事急躁，行為魯莽，得不到預(yù)期的結(jié)果。多用于褒義，指行動敏捷，效果好。指急速從事某項(xiàng)活動或匆忙對付一件事情，含明顯慌亂的意思。CF:haste,speed&hurryhastespeedhurryDetailedReading_t4_haste21.Don’tletanyoneyouintomakingadecisionyou’llregretlater.2.Inhistoleave,heforgothisbriefcase.3.PostalworkerslaboredovertimetodeliveryoftheChristmasmail.4.Ifyoudon’t,you’llmisstheplane.Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.speed_____hurry_____haste_____hurry_____CF:haste,speed&hurrycompatible:adj.DetailedReading_t4_compatibleabletoexist,live,orbeusedtogetherorwith(anotherthing)Compatiblefamilyrelationsmakeachildmoretolerant.Certainkindsofdrugarenotcompatibleandshouldneverbetakentogether.Thisprinteriscompatiblewithmostcomputers.這臺打印機(jī)與大多數(shù)計(jì)算機(jī)兼容。sensibility:n.DetailedReading_t4_sensibility1)abilitytoreceiveandappreciatedelicateimpressionsThispaintingshowshissensibilitytocolor.這篇文章挫傷了大多數(shù)讀者的感情。Thisarticleoffendedmostreaders’sensibilities.2)capacityforbeingeasilyoffendedorshockedSheisagirlofsubtleandrefinedsensibilities.blamesth.onsth./sb.:DetailedReading_t5_blamesth.onsth./sbtoconsidersth./sb.responsibleforsth.badThepoliceblamedtheaccidentonthetaxidriver.Theyblamethefailureonhisstubbornattitude.他們把這次失敗歸咎于他頑固的態(tài)度。originate:vi.DetailedReading_t5_originate1tohaveasanestablishedstartingpointThestyleofarchitectureoriginatedfromtheAncientGreece.這種建筑風(fēng)格起源于古希臘。Mostpeople’spsychologicalproblemsoriginateintheirearlyrelationshipwiththeirparents.DetailedReading_t5_originate2這些動詞均有“起源”，“源自”之意。多與from連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)指從無到有的產(chǎn)生，表一種因果關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)產(chǎn)生變化的起源。強(qiáng)調(diào)變化的最終結(jié)果。CF:arise,originate&resultresultoriginatearise1.Oureffortsinsuccess.2.Thisisamistakethatfromabasicmisunderstanding.3.Theconceptof“zero”inIndia.4.Therearesomeproblemsoutofthelackofcommunication.Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.arises_____resulted_______arising______originated________distort:vt.DetailedReading_t5_distorttogiveafalseordishonestaccountofTheannouncementwassodistortedthatIcouldn’tunderstandwhatwassaid.當(dāng)他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的動機(jī)被歪曲時他很憤怒。Hefeltangrywhenherealizedthathismotiveshadbeendistorted.passion:n.DetailedReading_t5_passion1apowerfulemotion,suchaslove,joy,hatred,orangerHe’sbeenknowntoflyintoapassionwithoutwarning.沒有什么感情比嫉妒在人類心中更根深蒂固了。Thereisnotapassionsostronglyrootedinthehumanheartasenvy.大家都知道他動不動就發(fā)火。這些名詞的共同含義是“感情”或“情感”。普通用詞，詞義中性。泛指因外界刺激而引起思想情感從細(xì)微變化到最強(qiáng)烈的發(fā)作。例如：Shespokeunsteadilyinavoicethatbetrayedheremotion.她斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的講話暴露了她的感情。CF:emotion,feeling,passion&sentimentemotionDetailedReading_t5_passion2

普通用詞，含義廣。多指具體的、內(nèi)心的感受，或表露出來的強(qiáng)烈情感。例如：指極強(qiáng)烈的感情，尤指憤怒、愛好等。也常指兩性間的愛情。例如： 一般指由一種思想激起的感情，含較大的理智因素。例如：Poetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings.

Hispassionforhermadehimblindtoeverythingelse.Hedeliveredaspeechfullofloftysentiments.feelingpassionsentimentacquire:vt.DetailedReading_t5_acquire1togainbyone’sownability,effortsorbehaviorAfteryearsofstudyincollege,heacquiredproficiencyinmath.抽象派藝術(shù)要慢慢才會欣賞。Abstractartisanacquiredtaste.DetailedReading_t5_acquire2這些動詞均含“獲得”，“取得”，“得到”之意。

書面語用詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)通過不斷的、持續(xù)的努力而獲得某物，也指日積月累地漸漸地獲得。較正式用詞，著重指通過付出巨大努力而得到所需或盼望已久的東西。強(qiáng)調(diào)指經(jīng)過努力或有意識行動而取得某種成就，獲得某種利益或好處。

普通用詞，使用廣泛，可指以任何方式得到某物，也不一定要經(jīng)過努力。CF:acquire,obtain,gain&getgetgainobtainacquire1.Healwaysmanagestowhathewants.2.Recentlyheasmallfortuneinrealestate.3.IttakesalongtimetoagoodknowledgeofEnglish.4.Inotingbuttroubleformyefforts.gained______obtain/get________got___acquire______CF:acquire,obtain,gain&getharden:v.DetailedReading_t6_harden(causesth.)tobecomehard,strong,unyielding,etcThevarnishtakesafewminutestoharden.戰(zhàn)士們頑強(qiáng)地面對前線的生活。Thesoldierswerehardenedtolifeonthefrontier.清漆幾分鐘就能變硬。Attitudestothestrikehavehardenedonbothsides.sufficient:adj.DetailedReading_t6_sufficient1beingasmuchasisneededMostpeoplehavesufficientincomeforacomfortableretirement.晚宴準(zhǔn)備了足夠一百號人吃的食物。Thepartyofferedsufficientfoodforahundredguests.

指數(shù)量上足夠，質(zhì)量上適當(dāng)。最普通用詞，口語、書面語都可用，較強(qiáng)調(diào)分量或數(shù)量的足夠，多指希望的滿足。正式用詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目、數(shù)量或程度達(dá)到某一特定要求或需要。CF:adequate,enough&sufficientsufficientenoughad