高考沖刺英語(yǔ)閱讀理解課堂練（21）答案解析

2020高考英語(yǔ)：閱讀理解課堂練（21）PassageForty--One(ASmugglingSyndicate)

Thesmugglerinmanywaysisjustanotherinternationalbusinessmanandhisturnoverwoulddocredittomanyinternationalcorporations.Hisbusinesshappenstobeillegalandrisky,butlookatthestakesinvolved:$5billionworthofheroinsmuggledintotheUnitedStateseachyear,and$billioningoldpassingannuallyalongsmugglingpipelinestoIndiaandIndonesia,toFranceandMorocco,toBrazilandTurkey.PerhapshalfofallthewatchesmadeinSwitzerlandreachtheireventualwearersbysomebackdoor.Mostofthisillicittradeiscarriedonwithalltheefficiencyofanymultinationalcompany.Entirelylegitimatebusinesses,suchasatravelbureauoranimport-exportagency,arealsooftenfrontsforsmugglingorganizations.Oneoftheworld’slargestgoldsmugglersalsoownedandoperatedthefranchiseforaleadingmakeofBritishcarsinasmallMiddleEasterncountry.Hemadeagoodprofitfrombothactivities.

Asmugglingsyndicateoperatesmuchlikeanyotherbusiness.Thebossisreallyachiefexecutive.Hemakesalltheplans,establishesinternationalcontacts,andthinksupthesmugglingroutesandmethodbutremainsalooffromactualoperations.Heisaidedbyahandfulofmanagerslookingaftersuchspecialtiesasfinancing,travel(onereasonwhymanysmugglingsyndicatesfindithandytohavetheirowntravelagency),thebribingofairlineorcustomsofficials,andrecruitmentofcouriers,ormulesastheyarecalled.Theremayalsobesomeoneinchargeoflocalarrangementsinthecountriestowhichthesmuggledgoodsisgoing.

Anothersimilaritybetweenlegitimatebusinessanditsillegalcounterpartispricefluctuation.Justasthepricesofproductstradedlegallyvarywithqualityandmarketconditionssuchassupplyanddemand,sodothepricesofgoodsgoupanddowninthesmugglingtrade.Considerthepriceofdrugs.Heroinandcannabis,inwhateverformorbywhatevername,coneinseveralgrades,eachwithagoingprice.Thewholesalepriceatwhichbigdealersselltobigdealersislessthanthestreetprice.Whentheauthoritiesaresuccessfulinreducingthesupplybuyseizures,thepriceofallgradesrises.1.Themainideaforthispassageis______.A.TheComparisonbetweenLegitimateBusinessandItsIllegalCounterpart.B.ThesimilaritiesbetweenLegitimateBusinessandSmuggling.C.SmugglersMayMakeGreatProfitfromBothActivities.D.TheBossinSmugglingSyndicateisaChiefExecutive.2.Whenisthepricegoingdown?A.Thequalityofthefoodsandmarketconditionarenotverywell.B.Thequalityofgoodsandmarketconditionvary.C.Unbalancebetweensupplyanddemand.D.Thepriceofothergoodsfluctuates.3.Itcanbeinferredthatasmuggler______.A.maymakeplanandestablishinternationalcontacts.B.isarealboss.C.maymakemoneyindifferentways.D.maysellothergoods.4.Oneofthebestwayssmugglersusuallytakeis______.A.tosetupmultinationalcompanies.B.toengageinillegalbusinessesonly.C.tomakelegitimatebusinessesasfrontsforsmugglingorganizations.D.tomakegoodprofitsfrombothactivities.Vocabulary1.

turnover

營(yíng)業(yè)額2.

docreditto

增光于某人/某物3.

stake

下在投機(jī)生意上的股本，賭注4.

smugglingpipeline

走私線路5.

speciality

專業(yè)部門，公司6.

recruit

招募，添補(bǔ)（新兵）難句譯注1.Thesmugglerinmanywaysisjustanotherinternationalbusinessmanandhisturnoverwoulddocredittomanyinternationalcorporations.[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析]并列句[參考譯文]走私者在許多方面就像一個(gè)國(guó)際商人，而他的營(yíng)業(yè)額確為許多國(guó)際公司增光。寫作方法與文章大意這是一篇介紹走私集團(tuán)的文章，采用對(duì)比寫法——正常（合法）的商業(yè)和走私（非法）集團(tuán)的對(duì)比。第一段第一句就點(diǎn)明宗旨：走私者在許多方面就像一個(gè)國(guó)際商人，而他的營(yíng)業(yè)額確為許多國(guó)際公司增光。不僅如此，有的也經(jīng)營(yíng)合法商業(yè)，如旅游，進(jìn)出口公司等，這些往往是非法走私組織的前哨陣地。第二段介紹了走私辛迪加的經(jīng)營(yíng)情況非常類似其他商業(yè)。老板就是真正的（執(zhí)行）董事長(zhǎng)。他制定計(jì)劃，簽定國(guó)際合同，確定走私路線和方法但不參與具體執(zhí)行行動(dòng)。有一批經(jīng)理助他管理各個(gè)專業(yè)部門，如財(cái)政，旅行，賄賂海關(guān)或航空公司官員等，還有當(dāng)?shù)亟討?yīng)走私貨品的負(fù)責(zé)人。第三段敘述了合法和非法貿(mào)易另一個(gè)相似點(diǎn)——價(jià)格波動(dòng)，價(jià)格隨市場(chǎng)供需和商品質(zhì)量而有所差異。答案詳解1.B.合法商業(yè)和走私的相似性。是這篇文章的中心思想。它是通過(guò)對(duì)比方法說(shuō)明這種相似性。并不是兩者對(duì)比得出結(jié)論。所以：A.合法商業(yè)和非法商業(yè)比較。不對(duì)。

C.走私者可以從兩種活動(dòng)中謀取利潤(rùn)。

D.走私集團(tuán)中的老板是董事長(zhǎng)，只是對(duì)比中提到個(gè)別具體事實(shí)。不是中心思想。2.A.貨物質(zhì)量和市場(chǎng)情況不好。第三段第二句“正如合法商業(yè)按質(zhì)論價(jià)和按市場(chǎng)供需價(jià)一樣，走私商品也是按這兩者調(diào)節(jié)價(jià)格的上升和下降?！彼援?dāng)質(zhì)量和市場(chǎng)情況不好價(jià)格就跌。B.貨物質(zhì)量和市場(chǎng)變化。這并不一定跌價(jià)，也可能上升。

C.供需不平衡。并沒(méi)有說(shuō)明供大于求，和跌價(jià)無(wú)關(guān)。

D.其它商品價(jià)波動(dòng)。這不一定下跌。所以B，C，D都不對(duì)。3.D.可能會(huì)賣其他貨品。題目是推斷，（infer）。從第一段最后一句“世界上最大走私黃金商之買賣，可推斷出走私商照樣可以經(jīng)營(yíng)其他商品”。至于A.制定計(jì)劃，簽定合同。

B.走私商是真正的老板。

C.以不同的方式賺錢，都是文章中直抒，不是推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論。4.

C.以合法商業(yè)掩護(hù)他們走私是走私商經(jīng)常采用，也是最佳的方法之一。A.多國(guó)公司。

B.只從事非法商貿(mào)，這并不是最佳方法。

D.從兩方面賺錢，并不是方法，而是有了掩護(hù)所后，多一份收入而已。PassageForty--Two(ExplorationoftheTitanic)

Afterrestingontheoceanfloor,splitasunderandrusting,fornearlythree-quartersofacentury,agreatshipseemedtocomealiveagain.ThesagaoftheWhiteStarlinerTitanic,whichstruckanicebergandsankonitsmaidenvoyagein1912,carryingmorethan1,500passengerstotheirdeath,hasbeencelebratedinprintandonfilm,inpoetryandsong.Butlastweekwhathadbeenlegendarysuddenlybecamereal.Astheyviewedvideotapesandphotographsofthesunkenleviathan,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldcouldsensehermass,hereeriequietandtheruinedsplendorofalostage.Watchingontelevision,theyvicariouslyjoinedtheunderseacraftAlvinandJasonJr..)astheytouredthewreckageoftheluxuryliner,wanderingacrossthedeckspastcorrodedbollards,peeringintotheofficer’squartersandthroughrust-curtainedportholes.Viewsoftherailingswheredoomedpassengersandcrewmembersstoodevokedimagesofthemoonlessnight74yearsagowhenthegreatshipslippedbeneaththewaves.Thetwo-minutevideotapeandninephotographs,allincolorandshot12,theNorthAtlantic,wereatinysampleof60hoursofvideoand60,000stillsgarneredduringthetwelve-dayexploration.TheyarereleasedataWashingtonpressconferenceconductedbyMarineGeologistRobertBallard,44,wholedtheteamsfromtheWoodHoleOceanographicInstitutionthatfoundtheTitaniclastSeptemberandrevisiteditthisJuly.Recountingthehighlightsofwhathasalreadybecomethemostcelebratedfeatofunderwaterexploration;Ballardrevealedsomestartlingnewinformation.Hisdeep-divingcraftfailedtofindthe300-ft.gashthat,accordingtolegend,wastornintheTitanic’shullwhentheshipplowedintotheiceberg.Instead,hesuggested,thecollisionhadbuckledtheship’splates,allowingwatertopourin.Healsobroughtbackevidencethattheshipbrokeapartnotwhenshehitbottom,ashehadthoughtwhenviewingthefirstTitanicimageslastSeptember,butasshesank:thestern,whichsettledonthebottomalmost1,800ft.fromthebow,hadswiveled180onitswaydown.1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.NewInformationabouttheSunkenShip.B.ExplorationoftheTitanic.C.TowatchtheVideotape.D.ToexploretheTitanicwithHighTech.2.Howdidtheviewersfeelwhenwatchingthevideotape?A.Theyfeltrathersad,andfelttheythemselvestookpartintheexploration.B.Theyfeltkeenlyforit.C.Theyfeltratherbadaboutit.D.Theyfeltoutofspirits.3.Whendidthegreatshipsink?A.In1912.B.Shesankinitsmaidenvoyagein1912.C.Shesankinitssecondvoyagein1912.D.Shesankinitsfirstvoyagein1912.4.WhatdidRobertrevealatapressconference?A.Herevealedsomestartlinginformation.B.Hesaidnothing.C.Hecomplainedtheexplorationwasveryhard.D.Herevealedthesuccessoftheirwork.Vocabulary1.

splitasunder

向不同方向裂開，散開2.

saga

英雄傳說(shuō)，冒險(xiǎn)故事3.

maidenvoyage

處女航4.

celebrate

贊美，慶祝。這里指大肆宣傳5.

leviathan

巨型遠(yuǎn)洋輪6.

eerie

可怕的，怪異的7.

splendor

美妙的景象8.

vicariously

產(chǎn)生共鳴的，代理的9.

luxuryliner

豪華巨輪10.

bollard

系攬柱11.

porthole

舷窗12.

railing

欄桿13.

evoke

喚起，引起，（招）魂14.

still

靜物攝影照片15.

garner

收集，積累16.

highlight

最精彩場(chǎng)面，最重要部分17.

feat

功績(jī)18.

gash

裂縫19.

hull

船體20.

plowinto=ploughinto

撞上，干勁十足的投入21.

buckle

使彎曲22.

stern

船尾23.

bow

船頭24.

swivel

旋轉(zhuǎn)難句譯注1.ThesagaoftheWhiteStarlinerTitanic,whichstruckanicebergandsankonitsmaidenvoyagein1912,carryingmorethan1,500passengerstotheirdeath,hasbeencelebratedinprintandonfilm,inpoetryandsong.[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析]被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，中插定語(yǔ)從句whichstruck和分詞短語(yǔ)carryingmorethan都是修飾liner.[參考譯文]白星級(jí)定期輪班泰坦尼克號(hào)于1912年的首航中因撞上冰山而沉沒(méi)，船上一千五百多名乘客全部罹難。此后關(guān)于它的種種傳說(shuō)一直為各種刊物，電影，詩(shī)歌和歌曲廣泛宣傳。2.Watchingontelevision,theyvicariouslyjoinedtheunderseacraftAlvinandJasonJr..)astheytouredthewreckageoftheluxuryliner,wanderingacrossthedeckspastcorrodedbollards,peeringintotheofficer’squartersandthroughrust-curtainedportholes.[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析]主從句，主句前有分詞短語(yǔ)watching,修飾主句中的they（觀眾），而從句中（as）they是指Alvin和JasonJr.后面的分詞短語(yǔ)都是說(shuō)明從句中的they。[參考譯文]觀眾們看著電視，就像親臨其境似的參與深水工作船阿爾文號(hào)和機(jī)器人探測(cè)器小賈森的工作。隨他們巡視這艘豪華游輪殘骸，漫游甲板，經(jīng)過(guò)侵蝕的系欄柱，凝視高級(jí)船員艙，穿過(guò)滿是鐵銹的舷窗。3.Viewsoftherailingswheredoomedpassengersandcrewmembersstoodevokedimagesofthemoonlessnight74yearsagowhenthegreatshipslippedbeneaththewaves.[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析]主從句，主句中定從where修飾railings。[參考譯文]看到那些欄桿使人想起七十四年前就在這艘巨輪沉入汪洋的那個(gè)暗無(wú)星月的夜晚，罹難的旅客和水手們也曾站在欄桿旁。4.

Healsobroughtbackevidencethattheshipbrokeapartnotwhenshehitbottom,ashehadthoughtwhenviewingthefirstTitanicimageslastSeptember,butasshesank:thestern,whichsettledonthe