高考沖刺英語(yǔ)閱讀理解課堂練答案解析2

2020高考英語(yǔ)：閱讀理解課堂練（11）PassageTwenty--One(ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice)Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence–asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.‘Talk,talk,talk,’theadvocatesofviolencesay,‘a(chǎn)llyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.’It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.‘Possible,mylord,’thebarristerreplied,‘nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.’Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.AdvocatingViolence.B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus_________.A.violenceneversolvesanything.B.nothing.C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.D.everything.3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen_________.A.can’tgetahearing.B.arelookeddownupon.C.arepersecuted.D.Havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means_________.A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.B.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.C.Hegainsnothingafterlistening.D.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument.5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis_________.A.lawenforcement.B.knowledge.C.nonviolence.D.Moppinguptheviolentmess.Vocabulary

嚴(yán)重的，劇烈的，敏銳的

v.搶劫，掠奪；n.贓物

v.搶劫，掠奪

v.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物；n.碎裂聲whenitcomestothecrunch=if/whenthedecisivemomentcomes.當(dāng)關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻來到時(shí)。

出戰(zhàn)前涂于身上的顏料。（美印第安戰(zhàn)士用）tolight=becomeknown

顯露，為人所知

剝削，使傷元?dú)?，破壞Iwassappedbymonthsofhospitaltreatment.我住院治療幾個(gè)月，大傷元?dú)?。up

擦去，對(duì)付，處理

船跡，航跡inthewakeofsth.=comeafter隨某事之后到來。難句譯注1.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】whenitcomestothecrunch=when/ifthedecisivemomentcomes.當(dāng)關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻來到時(shí)。【參考譯文】真正令人可怖的，令人絕望的是，在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻，人們意識(shí)到我們一點(diǎn)兒也沒有進(jìn)步/前進(jìn)。2.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】inthewakeof在……之后?！緟⒖甲g文】由于我們不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的爛攤子，我們的力量因此削弱了。3.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】none+the+比較級(jí)。固定用法，義：notatall一點(diǎn)兒也不。EX:Afterthetreatment,heisnonethebetter.治療后，他并沒有因此見好，（一點(diǎn)兒也不見好）。【參考譯文】聽了律師的長(zhǎng)篇解釋，法官抱怨說他一無所獲，并不因此變得聰明些。4.

Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom.【參考譯文】知識(shí)是智慧的必要的先決條件。結(jié)合上下文這里的意思是：了解情況是解決問題的先決條件。句子后面的解釋：知識(shí)是指了解它欲以解決暴力制造的惡行。寫作方法與文章大意作者主要以對(duì)比的手法寫出了暴力是有些國(guó)家用以解決種族差異的公認(rèn)方法，這是人本性沒有進(jìn)步的表現(xiàn)，真正理智的人提出了法制才是解決問題的唯一途徑，而這些人遭人輕視、迫害。作者指出如果我們把使用暴力的一半精力放在消除貧民窟，改善生活水平，提供教育和就業(yè)，清除暴力造成的后果，也就是通過對(duì)它以法治理是能真正解決種族問題的。盡管這些暴力者采取充耳不聞的態(tài)度。答案詳解暴力難以消除種族偏見。文章一開始就提出有些國(guó)家種族偏見嚴(yán)重，而暴力卻是公認(rèn)的一種解決方法。白人采用暴力鎮(zhèn)壓，黑人以防火、掠搶為反抗。而雙方的大人物平靜地論及暴力，似乎這是一種合法的解決方案。作者就此指出人類的進(jìn)步只在于表面――衣飾等，人類的本能沒有改變。整個(gè)有記錄歷史的文件沒有教會(huì)人類任何東西。這是真正令人可怕的事件。第二段論及真正有理智的懂得解決方案所在的人鼓吹法制，人們不停。他們反而收到輕視、迫害。作者就此提出假設(shè)，答出真正的解決方案嗜法制，以法治理。第三段進(jìn)一步說明“交流、對(duì)話”是了解雙方問題的前提，即使暴力者不同意，但知道暴力制造它假裝要解決的罪惡，是智慧聰明的必要前提。A.鼓吹暴力。C.雙方重要人物都把暴力作為合法的解決方案。D.人類的本性是嗜暴性。沒有什么。第一段中就明確提出整個(gè)人類有記錄歷史又長(zhǎng)又臭的暴力文件記錄，一點(diǎn)都沒有教給我們?nèi)魏螙|西。A.暴力解決不了任何事情。C.殺戮（流血）沒有任何意義。D.一切。在鼓吹法制方面有困難。答案在第二段，真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同類們的輕視、不信任和迫害。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)要人傾聽他們的意見越來越困難。A.人們不聽。B.遭人輕視。C.遭人迫害。這三項(xiàng)都包含在D項(xiàng)內(nèi)。聽后無所得。Nonethewiser一點(diǎn)也不比以前聰明（這是按字面翻譯）。實(shí)際就是C項(xiàng)。A.在傾聽別人上他一點(diǎn)也不聰明。B.他和以前一個(gè)樣。D.他聽不懂論點(diǎn)。法制。第二段最后一句，如果我們?cè)诜傻臉?gòu)架中進(jìn)行工作，真正的持久的解決總是能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。第二段第二句，他們?cè)獾狡群κ且驗(yàn)樗麄児拇捣ㄖ七@種顯然令人不能容忍的事。B.知識(shí)。C.非暴力。D.處理暴力帶來的混亂。PassageTwenty--Two(TheTouristTradeContributesAbsolutelyNothingtoIncreasingUnderstandingbetweenNations)

Thetouristtradeisbooming.Withallthiscomingandgoing,you’dexpectgreaterunderstandingtodevelopbetweenthenationsoftheworld.Notabitofit!Superbsystemsofcommunicationbyair,seaandlandmakeitpossibleforustovisiteachother’scountriesatamoderatecost.Whatwasoncethe‘grandtour’,reservedforonlytheveryrich,isnowwithineverybody’sgrasp?Thepackagetourandcharteredflightsarenottobesneeredat.Moderntravelersenjoyalevelofcomfortwhichthelordsandladiesongrandtoursintheolddayscouldn’thavedreamedof.Butwhat’sthesenseofthismassexchangeofpopulationsifthenationsoftheworldremainbasicallyignorantofeachother?

Manytouristorganizationsaredirectlyresponsibleforthisstateofaffairs.Theydeliberatelysetouttoprotecttheirclientsfromtoomuchcontactwiththelocalpopulation.Themoderntouristleadsacosseted,shelteredlife.Helivesatinternationalhotels,whereheeatshisinternationalfoodandsipshisinternationaldrinkwhilehegazesatthenativesfromadistance.Conductedtourstoplacesofinterestarecarefullycensored.Thetouristisallowedtoseeonlywhattheorganizerswanthimtoseeandnomore.Astrictschedulemakesitimpossibleforthetouristtowanderoffonhisown;andanyway,languageisalwaysabarrier,soheisonlytoohappytobeprotectedinthisway.Atitsveryworst,thisleadstoanewandhideouskindofcolonization.Thesummerquartersoftheinhabitantsoftheciteuniversitaire:aretemporarilyreestablishedontheislandofCorfu.BlackpoolisrecreatedatTorremolinoswherethetravelergoesnottoeatpaella,butfishandchips.

Thesadthingaboutthissituationisthatitleadstothepersistenceofnationalstereotypes.Wedon’tseethepeopleofothernationsastheyreallyare,butaswehavebeenbroughtuptobelievetheyare.Youcantestthisforyourself.Takefivenationalities,say,French,German,English,AmericanandItalian.Nowinyourmind,matchthemwiththesefiveadjectives:musical,amorous,cold,pedantic,native.Farfromprovidinguswithanyinsightintothenationalcharacteristicsofthepeoplesjustmentioned,theseadjectivesactuallyactasbarriers.Sowhenyousetoutonyourtravels,theonlycharacteristicsyounoticearethosewhichconfirmyourpreconceptions.Youcomeawaywiththehighlyunoriginalandinaccurateimpressionthat,say,‘Anglo-Saxonsarehypocrites’ofthat‘Latinpeoplesshoutalot’.Youonlyhavetomakeafewforeignfriendstounderstandhowabsurdandharmfulnationalstereotypesare.Buthowcanyoumakeforeignfriendswhenthetouristtradedoesitsbesttopreventyou?

Carriedtoanextreme,stereotypescanbepositivelydangerous.Wildgeneralizationsstirupracialhatredandblindustothebasicfact—howtriteitsounds!–Thatallpeoplearehuman.Weareallsimilartoeachotherandatthesametimeallunique.1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis_________.A.tourismcontributesnothingtoincreasingunderstandingbetweennations.B.Tourismistiresome.C.Conductedtourisdull.D.tourismreallydoessomethingtoone’scountry.2.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtourism?A.apprehensive.B.negative.C.critical.D.appreciative.3.WhichwordinthefollowingisthebesttosummarizeLatinpeopleshoutalot?A.silent.B.noisy.C.lively.D.active.4.Thepurposeoftheauthor’scriticismistopointout_________.A.conductedtourisdisappointing.B.thewayoftouringshouldbechanged.C.whentraveling,younoticecharacteristicswhichconfirmpreconception.D.nationalstereotypesshouldbechanged.5.Whatis‘grandtour’now?A.moderatecost.B.localsight-seeingisinvestigatedbythetouristorganization.C.peopleenjoythefirst-ratecomforts.D.everybodycanenjoythe‘grandtour’.Vocabulary

卓越的，杰出的，第一流的

中庸的，中等的，適度的tour

大旅行，指舊時(shí)英國(guó)富家子弟教育中，

到歐洲大陸觀光的旅行，為學(xué)業(yè)必經(jīng)階段。tour

由旅行社代辦而費(fèi)用與路線、

日程固定的假日旅游。也可用packageholiday。flight

包機(jī)航班outtodosth.=beginajobwithaparticularaim開始做某事，

決心/打算做……

寵愛，溺愛，縱容tour=guidedtour有人指導(dǎo)/引到下的參觀，有導(dǎo)游的旅游

檢查off

離開原處/正道，離群，漫步，漫游

住處，營(yíng)

西班牙什錦飯

炸馬鈴薯?xiàng)l（土豆條）

多情的，色情的

學(xué)究式的，賣弄學(xué)問的

歸納，概括up

惹起，煽動(dòng)，挑起

陳腐的，老一套的難句譯注1.Whatwasoncethe‘grandtour’,reservedforonlytheveryrich,isnowwithineverybody’sgrasp.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】withinsb.’sgrasp.某人理解/了解，為某人所能抓到的?！緟⒖甲g文】一度只有最富有者專享的“大旅行”現(xiàn)在人人都可獲得。2.Thepackagetourandcharteredflightsarenottobesneeredat.【參考譯文】旅行社包辦的旅游，包機(jī)航班決不會(huì)遭人恥笑。3.Theydeliberatelysetouttoprotecttheirclientsfromtoomuchcontactwiththelocalpopulation.【參考譯文】旅行社有意使他們的谷底和當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裆俳佑|。4.Themoderntouristheadsacossetedshelteredlife.【參考譯文】現(xiàn)代旅行者過的使愛護(hù)有加與世隔絕的生活。5.Conductedtourstoplacesofinterestarecarefullycensored.【參考譯文】有人指導(dǎo)下參觀一些靜電收到組織者――旅行社仔細(xì)的檢查核準(zhǔn)。6.Astrictschedulemakesitimpossibleforthetouristtowanderoffonhisown;andanyway,languageisalwaysbarrier,soheisonlytoohappytobeprotectedinthisway.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】onlytoo+形容詞/分詞=very非常?！緟⒖甲g文】嚴(yán)格致密的計(jì)劃值得旅行者不可能自己一個(gè)人到處閑逛；再說，至少語(yǔ)言總是個(gè)障礙，所以他對(duì)這樣保護(hù)非常高興。7.Atitsveryworst,thisleadstoanewan