中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)專題1名詞名詞所有格ppt課件含答案

中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)專題1名詞名詞所有格ppt課件含答案名詞(一)名詞的分類：名詞是表示人或事物名稱的詞。它分為專有名詞和普通名詞。類別定義例詞專有名詞表示具體的人名，事物，地名，組織等名稱的詞。China，theGreatWall普通名詞可數(shù)個(gè)體名詞表個(gè)別人或事物的名稱teacher，apple集體名詞表若干人或事物的名稱family，police不可數(shù)物質(zhì)名詞表物質(zhì)或材料的名稱water，bread抽象名詞表感情等抽象概念的名稱love，knowledge1(二)名詞的數(shù)：名詞按事物的性質(zhì)分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。1．可數(shù)名詞：①有復(fù)數(shù)；②單數(shù)前加a/an。2．不可數(shù)名詞：①無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)；②不能用a,an修飾。(1)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的不規(guī)那么變化情況構(gòu)成方法例詞特殊名詞變內(nèi)部元音man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth—teeth單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish(中國(guó)人和日本人喜愛(ài)綿羊、鹿和魚(yú))完全不規(guī)則penny—pence，child—children，mouse—mice2國(guó)人變復(fù)數(shù)口訣：中日不變英法變，其余一般s加后面。ChinaChineseChineseJapanJapaneseJapaneseEnglandEnglishmanEnglishmenFranceFrenchmanFrenchmenGermanyGermanGermansAmericaAmericanAmericansAustraliaAustralianAustraliansIndiaIndianIndiansCanadaCanadianCanadiansItalyItalianItaliansBrazilBrazilianBraziliansSingaporeSingaporeanSingaporeansKoreaKoreanKoreans3(2)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)那么變化情況構(gòu)成方法例詞(口訣)以f或fe結(jié)尾一般變f,fe為v再加-es樹(shù)葉(leaf)半數(shù)(half)自己(self)黃，妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去殺狼(wolf)，架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。以o結(jié)尾四個(gè)單詞加-es，其余加-s英雄(hero)和黑人(Negro)喜歡吃西紅柿(tomato)和土豆(potato)以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾變y為i再加-esbaby—babies，city—cities，dictionary—dictionaries(monkey—monkeys“元音字母＋y”直接加－s)以s，x,ch，sh等結(jié)尾加-esbus—buses，box—boxes，watch—watches，wish—wishes一般情況加-sbook—books，table—tables4(3)不可數(shù)名詞：分為抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞，表數(shù)量時(shí)要用“基數(shù)詞或不定冠詞＋量詞＋of＋不可數(shù)名詞〞，注意of后的名詞只能用原形。如：apieceofnews,twopiecesofbread。物質(zhì)名詞食物bread，meat，rice，cheese，fish，beef飲料water，tea，coffee，wine，milk，cola自然物質(zhì)wood，sand，soil，air抽象名詞情感friendship，peace，joy，love概念news，population學(xué)科，語(yǔ)言maths，physics，geography，English5名詞的形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換：n．＋y

rain—rainy

cloud—cloudy

sun—sunny

luck—lucky

health—healthyn．＋ful

use—useful

harm—harmful

beauty—beautiful

care—careful

wonder—wonderful

thank—thankfuln．＋less

useless

care—careless

help—helplessn．＋ly

friend—friendly

love—lovely

month—monthlyn．＋n

Asia—Asian

America—American

Australia—Australiann．＋en

wool—woolen

wood—wooden

gold—golden6(三)名詞考點(diǎn)1．集體名詞：family，people，crowd，class，police(1)指整體時(shí)，視為單數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。(2)指成員時(shí)，視為復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Herfamilyis(be)verybig.她家是一個(gè)大家庭。Herfamilyare(be)footballfans.她全家人都是足球迷。72．man，woman作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，當(dāng)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，man,woman及所修飾的名詞均要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：menteachers，womenteachers。其余只有后一個(gè)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)如：boystudents，girlstudents,appletrees。3．短語(yǔ)“a/this/thatpairof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞〞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Howmuchis(be)thispairofshoes?Thatpairofpantsis(be)mine.4．“名詞＋介詞(with/except...)＋名詞〞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由介詞前的名詞決定。Lucywithherfriendsgoes(go)totheparkeverySunday.85．表時(shí)間、金錢、距離的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視為一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Tenyearsis(be)averylongtime.6．常考的不可數(shù)名詞room＝space空間；空地Thereisnoroomtoputthedeskhere.news，information，advice，weather，music，pollution,population...7．exercise作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“鍛煉〞。作可數(shù)名詞意為“練習(xí)；操〞。Weshouldtakemoreexercise.It’sgoodforourhealth.Doingmoreeyeexercisesisgoodforoureyesight.Togethighscoresweshoulddomanymathexerciseseveryday.9名詞所有格(一)名詞所有格表示人或物的隸屬和所有關(guān)系，有兩種表示形式：1．有生命的名詞后加-'s。2．無(wú)生命的名詞后加of介詞短語(yǔ)。類型構(gòu)成方法例詞有生命的名詞(人或動(dòng)物)在詞尾加-'sTony'spen以-s結(jié)尾的名詞只加-'thestudents'textbooksTeachers’Day不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞在詞尾加-'sWomen'sDayChildren'sDay兩人共同擁有某物用AandB'sLucyandLily'smother兩人分別擁有某物用A'sandB'sLucy'sandLily'sbeds無(wú)生命的名詞時(shí)間、距離……在詞尾加-'s或-'twentyminutes'walk

today'snewspaper其他用“of＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)aphotoofmyfamily雙重所有格of＋-'s所有格afriendofhermother'sof＋名詞性物主代詞afriendofmine10(二)名詞所有格考點(diǎn)1．表幾十分鐘的路程的短語(yǔ)：tenminutes'walk＝aten－minutewalk2．雙重所有格和一般所有格的區(qū)別：aphotoofmysister's(照片屬于我姐姐，但照片上的人不一定是我姐姐)；aphotoofmysister(照片上的人是我姐姐)3．名詞所有格表住宅，學(xué)校，店鋪，診所(這些名詞常省略)theGreen’s格林一家atthedoctor’s在診所11考點(diǎn)一名詞的分類1．(2021·中考改編)Thestudentsdidn'tfindmuch________aboutthetopiconthatwebsite.()A.report B．a(chǎn)rticle C．information2．(2021·中考改編)—Lookatmystamps.—Theyareverybeautiful!You’vegotawonderful__________.()A.instruction B．description C．collection3．(2021·中考改編)—MyfavoriteTV________isABiteofChina(舌尖上的中國(guó))．—Ilikeit,too.Mymotheroftencooksdeliciousfoodafterwatchingit.()A.guidebook B．program C．instructionCCB124．(2021·中考改編)─Someonecalledyoujustnow.—Iknow.ButIwasbusyatthattime.WhenIcalledback,therewasno________.()A.voice B．sound C．a(chǎn)nswer5．(2021·中考改編)Hewillhavetowatchhis________becauseofhisseriousstomachproblem.()A.style B．diet C．smell6．(2021·中考改編)TheChinesesaying“Atreecan’tmakeaforest〞tellsusthat________isveryimportantinafootballmatch.()A．a(chǎn)bility B．decision C．teamworkCBC137．(2021·中考改編)—Astudyshowsthatgoodhabitsplayaveryimportant________inchildren’seducation.—Ithinkso.()A.sense B．part C．reason8．(2021·中考改編)—Therearealotof________ofbikeriding.—Iagree.It’sgoodfortheenvironmentanditsavesmoney.()A．instructions B．instruments C．a(chǎn)dvantagesBC14考點(diǎn)二名詞的數(shù)1．(2021·中考改編)—Mum,I’veheardthatwecan’teat________thesedays.Isittrue?—Takeiteasy.Itissafetoeatcookedmeat.()A.chickens B．chicken C．a(chǎn)chicken2．(2021·中考改編)—Ihavegreat________infinishingtheworkbymyself.Canyouhelpme?—Noproblem.()A.fun B．success C．difficultyBC153．(2021·中考改編)AtnightinZunyi,wecanseemanycolorfullightsonboth________ofthestreets.()A.sides B．side C．side’s4．(2021·中考改編)I’mhappytoseegreat________havetakenplaceinmyhometown.Manynewroadshavebeenbuilt.()A.experiences B．changes C．dreams5．(2021·中考改編)Beinghonestisthefirst________ifyouwanttomakefriendswithothers.()A.step B．time C．handABA16考點(diǎn)三名詞所有格1．(2021·中考改編)Tom’swatchisthesameashis________.()A.brother B．brothers C．brother’s2．(2021·中考改編)—WhydidtheyhelpMrs.Brownwithherwork?—Becauseshewas________.()A．a(chǎn)noldfriendofthemB．a(chǎn)goodfriendoftheirsC．thefriendofthemCB173．(2021·中考改編)Idon’tthinkdoinghouseworkisjust________work.()A.woman B．women’s C．women4．(2021·中考改編)________motherisn’tathome,andshehastraveledaboard.()A.AliceandLily’s B.Alice’sandLily’s C.Alice’sandLily5．(2021·中考改編)—Howfarisitfromheretothepolicestation?—It’sabout________ride.()A.fortyminute B.fortyminutes C.fortyminutes’6．(2021·中考改編)________fatherscan’tgototheclassmeetingbecausetheyhavegonetobusiness.()A.JackandMike’s B.Jack’sandMike’s C.Jack’sandMikeBACB18adviceexercisesportsEight-year-oldFrenchGermansCACCCA19第三篇語(yǔ)法知識(shí)專題第八節(jié)副詞(一)副詞的功能：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞功能例子修飾動(dòng)詞Theboyrunsquickly.修飾形容詞Thestoryisreallyinteresting.修飾副詞Youcandoitquitewell.(二)副詞的種類副詞分類例子時(shí)間副詞soon,now,early,finally,once,recently頻度副詞always,usually,often,frequently,seldom,hardly,never地點(diǎn)副詞here,nearby,outside,upwards,above疑問(wèn)副詞how,where,when,why方式副詞hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really連接副詞how,when,where,why,whether,however，meanwhile程度副詞almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather關(guān)系副詞when,where,why(三)副詞考點(diǎn)感官動(dòng)詞feel，sound，look，smell，taste等后跟形容詞，不用副詞。Thispieceofmusicsoundswell.(錯(cuò)題，應(yīng)把well改為good)考點(diǎn)一副詞分類及用法1．(2021·中考改編)InChinaitisacustomtogivekidsluckymoney，________duringtheSpringFestival.()A．finally B．luckily C．especially2．(2021·中考改編)Ifyoudon'twork________enough，Idon'tthinkyourdreamwillcome________.()A．hardly;truly B．hardly;true C．hard;true3．(2021·中考改編)I________gotothetheater，becauseIdon'tlikeoperasatall.()A．a(chǎn)lways B．often C．neverCCC4．(2021·中考改編)How________thechildrenareplaying！Theyevenforgetthetimetogohome!()A．happy B．happily C．unhappy5．(2021·中考改編)So