專題 17 主旨大意題

專題17主旨大意題之寫作意圖技法指導寫作意圖題要求考生在理解文章主旨的基礎上明白作者的言外之意，找到作者的寫作意圖。題干中常有purpose,inorderto等詞。不同體裁文章的寫作意圖不同。故事類記敘文的目的通常是娛樂讀者(toentertain)；廣告類應用文的目的一般是推銷產(chǎn)品或服務(toadvertise)；議論文的目的是要闡述論點(toargue/persuade)；科普、文化類說明文的目的大多是介紹知識(toinform)。推斷寫作意圖的兩種方法：一是主旨推斷法：根據(jù)文章或段落的主旨推斷作者的寫作意圖。二是文體推斷法：根據(jù)文體的特點來推斷。精練必刷題AChildrenreallyneedtoknowsomebasicfirstaidskills.Thisistruewhetheryourchildisfourorfourteen.Sowhatshouldyouteachyourchildren?CallingforhelpOnceyourchildreachestheageoffour,heshouldknowallaboutcalling911intheeventofanemergenc.Explainallaboutwhatarealemergencyis.Forexample,heshouldcall911ifanadultaskshimto,ifanadultpassesoutandcannotbewoken,ifthereisafireandhecan'tfindanadult,orifpeoplearehurt.AsIamtypingthis,Ijustrealizedthatalthoughmykidsaretaughtabout911,thetelephonesinthehouseareoutofreachforallbutmyoldestchild(topreventtheothertwofromplayingwiththephone).Don'tmakethismistakeyourself,oryourchildrenwouldn'tgetintouchwiththepoliceintime.Cutsandscrapes(擦傷)Teachchildrenaboutbasiccareforcutsandscrapes.Inmyhouse,thekidsallknowthatcutsmustbecleanedandknowwherethebandagesare.Theyalsoknowhowtoputpressureonacuttomakeitstopbleeding.Ofcoursetheyshouldaskanadultforhelp,buttheyshouldalsoknowabitaboutselfcare.Believeitornot,Ihadtohelpateenageneighboroncewhohadnoideawhattodowhenhecuthishandonbrokenglass.Hejustranaroundinacircle.BurnsTellyourchildthatifheevergetsaburn,heshouldimmediatelycallforhelpandthenrunthecoolbutnotcoldwaterfortheburn.Gettingaburncooleddownquicklycanreducethedamagetotheskin.Thisisimportantifnoadultiswithyourchildwhenaburnoccurs.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thismistake”referto?A．Lettingkidsplaywiththephone.B．Stoppingkidsfromusingthephone.C．Nottellingkidstocall911.

D．Keepingthephoneoutofkids'reach.2．Whatdoestheexampleoftheauthor'steenageneighbormainlytellus?A．Gettinghelpisveryimportant.B．Eventeenagerscancuttheirhands.C．Notallteenagersaregoodatselfcare.D．Weshouldbepreparedtohelpothers.3．Whatshouldwedoifwegetaburn?A．Lookforthebandages.B．Putsomeiceontheburn.C．Cooltheburnunderwater.D．Waitforrescuerspatiently.4．What'sthetextmainlyfor?B．Parents.DB．Parents.D．Students.C．Teachers.BIgrewupinBensonhurst,Brooklyn.Whentheholidaydecorationswentup,therewerehousesonmyblockwithtreeslitupforChristmasinfrontyardsandbehindlivingroomwindows.IwasborninaJewishfamily.EventhoughIreceivedeightpresentsforHanukkah（aneight-dayJewishholidayinNovemberorDecember）,itjustwasn'tfair.Myfriendshadbeautifultreeswithlightsandpresentsbroughtbyamaninaredsuit.Ididn'thaveatree,andIlivedinanapartmentbuilding,soIhadnochimney（煙囪）．Thatyear,someneighborsboughtaChristmastree,butitwastootallfortheirlivingroom.Theycutoffthetopand,knowingIwantedtocelebrateChristmas,gavethetoptomyfamily.Aftermyparentsfellasleep,Iopenedawindowinourapartment.IimaginedSantacouldparkhissleigh（雪橇）onourfireescape.WhenIwokeupthenextmorning,thewindowwasclosedandSantahaddeliveredapresent.Ican'tevenrememberwhatitwas,butmymemoryofthemorninglasts.MyrelationshipwithSantatookabreakuntilmydaughter,Amanda,wasbornin1992.MywifeandIsawnoreasontodeprive（剝奪）herofmeetingSanta.In1998,afriendofmineportrayed（扮演）SantaattheSouthStreetSeaportinManhattan.Hetoldmetostopbywithmywifeanddaughter,andaskedfortheirnamesinadvancesohecouldgreetthem.Whenhesawusattheseaport,hegreetedusbyournames.Mydaughter'smouthopenedwideandshepulledback.Maybeshewastooyoungtoappreciatethis.Butotherfamilieswaitingtoseehimseemeddelightedbyhisappearanceandthegiftshebrought.MytwochildrenarenowgrownupanddonotvisitSanta,andwedonothaveaChristmastree,yetourfamilystillenjoystheholiday.OnChristmasEve,inthespiritofthenight,weleaveaplateofmyfavoritecookiesonthekitchentableinhopesSantawillleaveapresent.5．Whatwastheyoungauthor'swish?A．ReceivingmanypresentsatHanukkah.B．VisitinghisfriendsatChristmas.C．CelebratingChristmasathome.D．Livinginahousewithatree.6．Whydidtheauthoropenawindowthatnight?A．ToletSantadeliveragift.B．Hisparentsaskedhimtodoso.C．HisChristmastreewastootall.D．ToenjoyaChristmasnightscene.7．WhatmadeAmandapullback?A．MeetingmanypeopleinSanta'sclothes.B．BeinggreetedbySantabyname.C．Recognizingherfather'sfriend.D．ReceivinggiftsfromSanta.8．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．TobringbackhisChristmasmemories.B．Toshowhisgreatloveofholidays.C．Tosharehisfamilytraditions.D．TointroduceJewishcustoms.CParisisthecityofdreams,thecityoflove.IfyouarethinkingofheadingtoParisforastudyperiod,thenperhapsalittlerealitycheckisinorder.Butmyexperiencewasaromanticone.IpavedmypathtoParisthroughanexchangeprogram.OnarrivalinParis,IwasconstantlyremindedoftheofficialprocessesIwasrequiredtocomplete—formstobefilledin,meetingstoattend,thelistseemedendless.Perhapsitwasduetomywellorganizationalhabit,butsomehowthisendlesslistofto-do'swascompletedinlittlemorethanaweek.Thentherealworkbegan.Onceclasseswereunderwa,Ifoundmyselfvolunteeringtodooralpresentationsandassignmentsfirst,ratherthanlast.Thismethodprovedtobeveryhelpful.OnceIhadfinishedclassfortheweek,Ihadanever-increasinglistofmuseumstovisit,neighborhoodstoexplore,andcafestositinandparkstorunaround.ReadasmanybooksaboutParisasyoucan.Talktoasmanylocalsandotherforeignerslivingthereasyoucan.ButtheonethingthatreadingabookortalkingtosomeonecannotdoistoprovideyouwiththeexperienceofwanderingParisonfoot.IdiscoveredsomeofmyfavoriteplacesinParisbywandering.Thepeoplewatching,thesoundsofthecity,thecolorsastheseasonschange,theyalladdtotheecstasythatIexperiencedinParisasanexchangestudent.Afterspendingfivemonthswanderingthroughthecharmingneighborhoods,Ifellinlovewiththeatmospherethatcameoutfromeveryopendoor,andwitheveryspokenword.ThereissomethingcomfortingaboutwalkingtothemarketeachSundaytobefacedwiththebeautifuldisplayoffruits,vegetablesanddairyproducts.Thereiswarmthinsayingbonjourtothepassers-by.OnmylastdayinParis,Iconfidentlysaid,“BonjourMonsieur,”asIpassedthelittlestoredownthestreet.IguessnomatterhowhardItriedIwasalwaysgoingtobeanoutsider,atourist.ThebestpartaboutgoingonexchangeinParisisfallinginlovewiththecityinyourownway.Everyone'sexperienceofParisisdifferent.Iknowmineisuniqueandspecialtome,myownlittlepiecesofParis.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ecstasy”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Courage. B．Imagination.C．Happiness. D．Reputation.．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A．Anexchangestudent'slife.B．Charmingneighborhoods.C．Anexchangeprogram.D．Atravelingexperience.．Beyondreadingbooks,whichexperiencewouldtheauthortreasuremost?A．Enjoyingcoffeeinhissparetime.B．GreetingpeopleinFrenchinthestreet.C．Buyingvegetablesinthemarket.D．HangingaroundinParis.．Accordingtothepassage,whatlefttheauthorthedeepestimpression?A．ThefriendlypeoplehemetinParis.B．Thespecialcultureheexperiencedinthecity.C．Theacademicachievementhemadeinhisstudy.D．Thepresentationsandassignmentshedidinclass.答案：A語篇解讀： 本文為說明文。文章主要講述父母該如何教孩子們一些急救措施。解析：選D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段的“...areoutofreachforallbutmyoldestchild”可知，畫線部分是指不讓小孩接觸電話這一錯誤。解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Believeitornot...justranaroundinacircle.”可知，這個例子表明有些青少年還不知道怎么采取急救措施來照顧好自己。解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)末段的"...runthecoolbutnotcoldwaterfortheburn"可知應選C項。解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中出現(xiàn)的“Onceyourchild,Teachchildren"以及“Tellyourchild”可知本文是針對父母寫的。詞匯積累：somebasicfirstaidskills一些基本的急救技能callfor為…叫喊;要求；需要；提倡；邀請emergencyn.緊急情況；突發(fā)事件；非常時刻passesout昏倒typevt.打字outofreach夠不著getintouchwith與…聯(lián)系；和…接觸intime及時；適時bandagen.繃帶putpressureon施加壓力于makeit（病痛等）好轉；達到預定目標；及時抵達；走完路程bleedvi.流血；abit一點兒；有一點兒believeitornot信不信由你havenoidea不知道runaround到處跑burnn.灼傷，燒傷cooldown冷卻occurvi.發(fā)生；referto指的是keep…outof阻止reachn.范圍notall并非所有的bepreparedto準備好burnn.灼傷，燒傷B語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者在文中記述了自己對圣誕節(jié)的回憶。解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“EventhoughIreceived...itjustwasn'tfair"及第二段中的“knowingIwantedtocelebrateChristmas"可知，少時的作者期待自己在家慶祝圣誕節(jié)。解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Ilivedinanapartmentbuilding,soIhadnochimney（煙囪）"及第二段中的“Iopenedawindow...andSantahaddeliveredapresent"可知，作者小時候住在公寓樓里，沒有煙囪，打開窗戶是為了解決沒有煙囪的問題，以方便圣誕老人送禮物。解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Whenhesawusattheseaport,hegreetedusbyournames...Maybeshewastooyoungtoappreciatethis”可知，作者的女兒當時年齡尚小，聽到圣誕老人竟能叫出自己的名字，非常吃驚。解析：選A寫作意圖題。作者在文中回憶了自己少年時代對圣誕節(jié)的憧憬、為人父之后和孩子一起慶祝圣誕節(jié)的情形以及現(xiàn)在孩子長大成人后，一家人雖然不慶祝圣誕節(jié)，但仍享受節(jié)日的快樂，作者寫作此文是為了喚起對圣誕節(jié)的回憶。詞匯積累：growup成長decorationn.裝飾，裝潢；裝飾品；獎章onmyblock在我的街區(qū)lightup點火,點燈light過去式:lighted或lit;過去分詞:1ighted或lit;fairadj.公平的fallasleep睡著了；入睡Santan.圣誕老人parkvt.停放fireescape太平梯，太平門；安全出口inadvanceadv.預先，提前seaportn.海港；港口都市appreciatevt.欣賞；感激；領會；鑒別appearancen.出現(xiàn)，露面onChristmasEve在平安夜inthespiritof 本著……的精神delivervt.遞送bringback使…回憶起來C［分析］本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者作為一名交換生在巴黎的所見所聞，內(nèi)心感受等。C［詞義猜測題。根據(jù)作者對在巴黎街上漫步的喜愛及第四段中的“Thepeoplewatching,thesoundsofthecity,thecolorsastheseasonschange,theyalladdtotheecstasythatIexperiencedinParisasanexchangestudent”可知，人們的注視，城市的聲音，季節(jié)變化時的色彩，都增加了作者作為交換生體驗巴黎的喜悅。由此推知，劃線詞的意思是“快樂，幸?！?。］［錯項分析］其他選項和本文描述的作者情緒狀態(tài)沒有關聯(lián)。A.Courage.勇氣；B.Imagination.想象力；D．Reputation.聲譽。A［主旨大意題。首段點題類文章。根據(jù)第一段中的“Butmyexperiencewasaromanticone.IpavedmypathtoParisthroughanexchangeprogram"可知，作者作為一名交換生來到巴黎，他認為自己的巴黎之行非常浪漫。從第二段到最后，文章詳細敘述了作者在巴黎的所見所聞，內(nèi)心感受等。故整篇文章講述的是一個交換生在巴黎的經(jīng)歷。］［錯項分析］易錯選C或者D。D項表示“一個交換生項目”，但本文并不是介紹交換生項目內(nèi)容的。D項表示“一次旅行經(jīng)歷”，本文后面內(nèi)容雖然也與此相關，但前面內(nèi)容是關于我作為交流生做的一些其他事情以及在課堂的學習情況，因此D項不夠全面。D［推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息beyondreadingbooks,定位到第四段中的“TheonethingthatreadingabookortalkingtosomeonecannotdoistoprovideyouwiththeexperienceofwanderingParisonfoot.IdiscoveredsomeofmyfavoriteplacesinParisbywandering”可知，讀書以及和人交談無法提供步行在巴黎閑逛帶給你的體驗。通過