初中英語賓語從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

賓語從句賓語從句教學(xué)內(nèi)容回頭望月溫裁知新賓語從句：放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后的詞，即為賓語。賓語可以由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語來擔(dān)任。概述考試要點(diǎn)簡要分析賓語從句從句中的語序陳述句語序連接詞的用法由that引導(dǎo)由whether,if引導(dǎo)由what，who，whose，which引導(dǎo)由where，when，why，how弓1導(dǎo)否定前移主語是第一?人稱，謂語動(dòng)詞是think，believe時(shí)從句的簡化復(fù)合句變?yōu)楹唵尉鋸木渲械臅r(shí)態(tài)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定主句是過去時(shí)，從句用過去的對(duì)應(yīng)的某種時(shí)態(tài)從句表示客觀事實(shí)或真理，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)廂堂口動(dòng)展優(yōu)息里境津方適考點(diǎn)一賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序要點(diǎn)歸納：1、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)（1）如果主句是現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），那么，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如：“Iknowmyparentscareaboutme,”hesays.他說：“我知道我父母關(guān)心我?！盢owinChina,hehasfoundthathisfamilyatalltreewithlongroots.現(xiàn)在在中國，他已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家庭就像長有很長樹根的一棵大樹。IamwritingtosaythatIamagainst(build)anewzooinourtown.我寫信要說的是我反對(duì)在我們的鎮(zhèn)上建一個(gè)新的動(dòng)物園。Irememberthathe(給了我一■本書)yesterday.Hehastoldmethathe,llleaveforNewYorktomorrow.他已告訴我明天他要紐約了。(2)如果主句是過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí))，那么賓語從句要用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、過去完成時(shí))。如：In1991,Hepburndiscoveredthatshehadcancer.1991年，赫本發(fā)現(xiàn)她得了癌癥。Didyouknowthattea,themostpopulardrinkintheworld(aftertea),wasinventedbyaccident?你知道茶，這個(gè)世界上最大眾化的飲料(僅次于水)，是被發(fā)明的嗎？WhenIfirstateinawesternrestaurant,Ididn,tknowwhatIwassupposedtodo.我第一次在西餐廳吃飯時(shí)，都不知道。Hetoldmethathe(will)takepartinthehighjump.SheaskedmeifI(已經(jīng)拿了)hersoap.(3)如果賓語從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)或真理，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Hetoldmethattheearth(go)aroundthesun.Didn,tyourteachertellyouthemoon(be)smallerthanthesun?2、賓語從句的語序賓語從句要用陳述句語序。在把兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子連成一個(gè)含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句時(shí)，要特別注意從句的語序，即按照主語、謂語的順序。但要注意，當(dāng)連接詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，原問句的語序不變。如：WhereisTomfrom?Doyouknow?—DoyouknowwhereTomisfrom?Whomadeyouangry?Canyoutellme?—Canyoutellmewhomadeyouangry?WhatisthematterwithTom?”Maryaskedme.—MaryaskedmewhatwasthematterwithTom.【小試牛刀】一Hi,Bruce.Hereisaletterforyou.一Thanks.Iwonder.A.whotheletterwasfrom B.whowasfromtheletterC.whowastheletterfrom D.whofromtheletterwas—I,mgoingtobuyacar.Anyadvice,Charlie?—Well,itdependson.Ifmoneyisn,ttheproblem,youcanbuyaBMW.A.whenyouwillbuyone B.howmuchyoucanaffordC.whatcoloryoulike D.whereyouaredriving一Canyoutellmetheprize,Tom?一Lastyear.A.whenyougot B.whendidyougetC.whenwillyouget D.whenyouwillget—Couldyoutellme?—YoucantakeNo.16bus.A.howcanwegettotheOlympicPark B.howwecangettotheOlympicParkC.howdidwegettotheOlympicPark D.howwegottotheOlympicPark考點(diǎn)二賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）要點(diǎn)歸納：引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞的作用例句that本身無意義，只起連接作用，口語中可省略Hesaid(that)hissisterwasgoodatcooking.what,which,who,whose,whom等在從句中作一定的成分，如主語、賓語、定語等Idon,tknowwhatyouaregoingtodo.Jerryaskedmewhoseschoolbagitwas.when（表時(shí)間），where（表地點(diǎn)），why（表原因），how（表方式）在從句中作狀語CouldyoutellmewhereyouwentlastFriday?Doyouknowhowwecanfindhisnewhome?Iwonderwhyhewon,tcomeheretomorrow.等連接副詞if/whether意為“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略Heaskedmeif/whetherLeowasalawyer.Iwonderwhetherhelikesmathsornot.1、當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)。如：EventheteacheragreedthatMartinwashistime.甚至老師也認(rèn)同馬丁在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。引導(dǎo)詞that用于下列情況時(shí)不可省略：當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是that時(shí)。如：Hesaysthatthatisausefulbook.當(dāng)從句前有插入語時(shí)。如：Itsays,onacard,thatitismadeinItaly.c.當(dāng)賓語從句中含有主從復(fù)合句時(shí)。如：Ourteachersbelievethatifwedidthat,wewouldconcentratemoreonourclothesthanourstudies.我們的老師認(rèn)為如果我們那樣做的話，我們會(huì)把更多的精力放在衣服上而不是學(xué)習(xí)上。d.當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)賓語從句由并列連詞連接時(shí)，除第一個(gè)從句中的that可以省略外，其余從句中的that都不可以省略。如：Hesaid(that)thefilmwasveryinterestingandthatheenjoyedseeingitverymuch.他說這部電影非常有趣，并且他非常喜歡看。2、含疑問語氣的句子構(gòu)成賓語從句時(shí)用whether或if連接，句尾的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)取決于主句。如：DoyoulikewatchingTV?Heaskedme.—Heaskedmeif/whetherwatchingTV.Idon,tifit,ssomethingIdon,tneed.我不介意它是否是我不需要的東西。何時(shí)只用whether而不用if？直接與ornot連用時(shí)，用whether，不用if。例如：Ididn,tsaywhetherornothe,llbe.我沒說她是否呆在家里。Canyoutellmewhetherthetrainhasleftornot?你能否告訴我火車是不是已經(jīng)開了？所引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，用whether，不用if。例如：IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。Ihaven'tsettledthequestionofwhetherI7ll.我是否回家還沒定。c.引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，用whether，不用if。例如：Whetherthisistrue(ornot),Ican,ttell,這是不是真的，我不能。Whetheritisadefectornot,Idon,tquiteknow,這是不是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，我不知道。和動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí)，用whether,不用1九例如：Idon,tknowwhethertoor.我不知道是接受還是拒絕。Idon,tknowwhethertoseemydoctortoday,我不知道今天是否去看醫(yī)生。在容易造成歧義的情況下，如表達(dá)“是否”的意思時(shí)，最好用亞卜6肥匚避免用1九如：Letmeknowwhetheryouarecoming.你來還是不來，通知我一?聲。如用if，則有兩層意思。如：Letmeknowifyouarecoming,可理解為：你來還是不來，通知我一?聲。也可理解為：你如果來的話，通知我一聲。前者是賓語從句，后者則是條件狀語從句。在discuss后面只能跟whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.我們討論了是否該關(guān)閉商店。注：doubt用于肯定句時(shí)，可用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，在否定句或疑問句中則跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：Idoubtwhether/ifhewillcome.我懷疑他。Idon,tdoubtthat.我不懷疑你是誠實(shí)的。Doyoudoubtthathewillwinthematch?你懷疑他能贏得比賽嗎？☆賓語從句如果是否定句，一般用if，因?yàn)閣hether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句通常是肯定的。如：Idon,tcareifshedoesn,tcome,我不在乎他是否來。3、連接代詞what，who，whom，whose，which引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，連接代詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等，不能省略。如：Sheknewwashappeningbecauseshelearntaboutunderwaterearthquakesatschoolonlyafewweeksearlier.她知道發(fā)生了什么，因?yàn)閹字芮八趯W(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)了水下地震方面的知識(shí)。Shedoesn'tknowthispencilbelongsto,她不知道這個(gè)鉛筆是誰的。Therearethreekindsofcomputershere;Ican,tdecidekindIcanchoose,這里有三種類型的電腦，我難以決定可以挑選哪一種。4、連接副詞when，where，how，why等引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，連接副詞在從句中作狀語，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式或原因，不能省略。如：Doyouknowwhenbasketball（發(fā)明）？Pleaseexplainyouarelateagaintoday.解釋一■下今天又遲到的原因。Canyoutellme（你每天怎么去上學(xué)的）?【小試牛刀】IwastoldtomeetMr.Whiteattheairport.ButIdon,tknowhewillarrive.A.when B.how C.where D.whyIknowIpromisedtotakeyoutodinner,butIwon,tfinishworkinguntilteno,clock.A.that B.ifC.what D.whyICouldyoutellme?一“Romewasnotbuiltinaday.”Youshouldtrytogiveitenoughchancestobecomestrong.whyIshoulddotohaveagoodmemorywhatIcandotohaveagoodmemoryhowcanIhaveagoodmemory考點(diǎn)三否定前移和賓語從句的簡化要點(diǎn)歸納：1、否定前移在主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句的主語為第一人稱，謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe等時(shí)，要將從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式。如：Idon,tthinkIcouldliftit,我想我提不起它。Idon,tbelievethathewillcomewithyou.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)和你一起來。2、賓語從句的簡化（1）當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等時(shí)，從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.=Iyoure-mail.

（2）當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是know,remember,forget,learn等時(shí)，從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Shedoesn,tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.=Shedoesn,tknownext.（3）當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是ask，tell，show，teach等時(shí)，且賓語從句的主語和主句的間接賓語一■致時(shí)，從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：WillyoupleaseshowmehowIcanworkitout?=Willyoupleaseshowme?（4）賓語從句可以簡化為名詞或名詞短語。如：Idon,tbelievewhatTomsaid.=Idon,tbelieveTom,swords.我不相信湯姆的所說的話。一Idon'tknow.一Becausehehastolookafterhismother.B.whyisheleavingD.whetherisheleavingB.whyisheleavingD.whetherisheleavingB.howdidZhaoWeibecomeD.howdoesZhaoWeibecomeC.whetherheisleavingCouldyoutellmeagreatactress?A.howZhaoWeihasbecomeC.howbecameZhaoWeiPleasetellmetoimprovemyEnglish.A.whatIcandoB.whatcanIdoC.howIcandoD.howcanIdo一Wouldyouliketotellme?一Sure.Practicemakesperfect.A.howcanIstudyEnglishwell B.whydoIlearnEnglishwellC.howIcanstudyEnglishwell D.whyIlearnEnglishwell一Excuseme,couldyoutellmewhere?一Sure,sir.Youcantry.A.canIjoininthegroup-buying B.didIjoininthegroup-buyingC.Icanjoininthegroup-buying D.Ijoinedinthegroup-buying—Excuseme.Canyoutellme?—Atabout8o,clock,sir.whattimetheplanewillreachBeijingwhattimewilltheplanearriveinBeijingwhattimetheplanewillarriveBeijingwhattimewilltheplanegettoBeijingPeopleinYanchengareproudoftheyhaveachievedinthepastthirtyyears.A.how B.which C.what D.whenHesaidhewouldcomebackinaweek.A.when B.what C.that D.whyDoyouknowIsawyesterday?Itwasmyfavoritestar,Jackie!A.whom B.when C.where D.howTherearenowordstodescribeImissmyhometown.A.howmuch B.howmany C.howsoon D.howlong課后作業(yè)：一、完成句子Iwantedtoknow（她在和誰交談）Hesaid（他以前見過我）I'msorryfor（我所做的事）Theteacherasked（誰能回答這個(gè)問題）Janesaidthat（她將乘飛機(jī)去那里）Iwantedtoknow（她是否有一些錢）Wehaven'tdecided我們下一步該做什么）IthinkthatEnglishis（沒有數(shù)學(xué)難）I'mnotsure（昨天天氣是否晴朗）Heaskedme（是如何處理這件事的）Doyouknow是否要下雨）Iwantedtoknow（她是否來還是不來）二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。“Doyouwanttotryit?”Tom'smotheraskedhim.同義句）Tom'smotheraskedhimtotryit.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.（改為否定句）Ithisagoodidea.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.（改為復(fù)合句）Lucyhasn'tdecided buy.Idon'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.（改為簡單句）Idon'tknowtothehospital.Idon,tsupposetheywillcome,?（改為反意疑問句）三、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。Wearesurethathe（go）toschooltomorrow.Doyouknowwho（be）thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice（is）?Ourfathersaidthathe（will）buyanewcomputer.Ihearthathe（swim）intheseayesterday.Thelittleboytellsuswherehisfather（work）.Hesaidthathe(finish)hisworkalready.Theythoughttheycould(hike)tothetopofthemountain.Hewasgladthatsomanypeople(help)him.Shedoesn,tknowwhether(go)orwait.六、選擇填空。()1.WhatdidMikesay?HesaidA.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolorwasitC.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring)2.TomaskedmyfriendA.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry)3.LetmetellyouA.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostA.howmuchisthecarC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar)4.PeterknewA.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookwhytheboyhadsomanyquestionstherewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis)5.CouldyoutellmeA.wheredoyoulivewhoyouarewaitingforA.wheredoyouliveC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein

()6.Ican'tunderstandtheboyalone.A.whysheleft B.whydidsheleavewhyshehadleft D.whyhadsheleft()7.Shetoldmethesunintheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen()8.Idon'tknowupsoearlylastSunday.A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot()9.Themanagercameuptosee.whatwasthematterC.whatthematteriswhatwasthematterC.whatthematteriswhatthematterwasD.what'sthematter()10.HeaskedhisfatherwhereithappensC.howithappened()10.HeaskedhisfatherwhereithappensC.howithappenedwheredidithappenD.howdidithappen()11.Noonetellsus,soweneedyourhelp.howweshoulddowhatshouldwedohowweshoulddowhatshouldwedohowtodoitwhattodoithowtodoitwhattodoit()12.Couldyoupleaseteachmethecomputer.A.howcheckB.tocheckC.howtocheckD.tohowchecking)13.Theydon'tknowtheirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich)13.Theydon'tknowtheirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich( )1.Wewanttoknowshewillcomeback.A.that B.who C.when D.where()2.Couldyoutellusfrom?A.whereareyou B.whereyouareC.wherewereyou D.wheredidyoucome( )3.Hewasangrythathewentoutoftheschoolquickly.A.so B.very C.such D.quite( )4.Sheisgirlthateverybodylikesher.A.suchclever B.socleverC.suchcleveraD.soclevera( )5.—Doyouknow?I,mgoingtoseehim. —Sorry.Idon,tknowA.wheredoesMrLilive B.wheredidMrLiliveC.whereMrLilives D.whereMrLilived()6.I,dliketoknowA.whenwillhegivebackthetape B.whetherhasherelievedhighereducationC.thathehasbeenbusy D.whethershewilljoinourEnglishEvening( )7.Couldyoutellme?I,mhisoldfriend.A.wheredoesJimleave B.whenwillJimcomebackC.whereJimhasgone D.howisJim( )8.一Doyouknow?一Theymovedheresoonaftertheirsonwasborn.A.whenwouldtheGreensmovehere B.whentheGreensmovedhereC.theGreenswouldmovehere D.whentheGreenswouldmovehere( )9.Youmustremember.A.whatyourteachersaid B.whatdidyourteachersayC.yourteachersaidwhat D.whathasyourteacher said( )10.Thestudentsarestudyinghard,fortheyknow.A.whataretheystudyingfor B.whataretheystudyingC.whattheyarestudyingfor D.whytheyarestudyingfor

( )11.Couldyoutellme?A.whenshallwestart B.whoareyouwaitingforC.wherethebusstationis D.whywereyoulate( )12.—Doyouknow? —He,sTom,sfather.A.whoishe B.whatheisC.what,sheD.whoheis( )13.一WecanuseMSNtotalkwitheachotherontheInternet.一Really?Willyoupleaseshowmeit?A.whattouseB.howtouseC.howcanIuseD.wherecanIuse( )14.—Canyoutellmewhy? -BecauseIwanttohelpthepeoplethere.A.doyougotoTibet B.didyougotoTibetC.areyougoingtoTibet D.youaregoingtoTibet( )15.Idon,tknowhestillliveshere.A.where B.what C.whenD.whether( )16.HelearnedthatthesunalsoA.movedB.moving( )17.MothertoldmethatIA.tobesureof,wouldcome( )16.HelearnedthatthesunalsoA.movedB.moving( )17.MothertoldmethatIA.tobesureof,wouldcomeC.tobesure,willcome( )18.PleasetellmewhenyouIwillmeetyouatthestationwhenyouA.come,comeC.willcome,come fast.C.movesD.wasmovingbackontime.B.tomakesure,willcomeD.tomakesure,wouldcometomorrow.B.willcome,willcomeD.come,willcome( )19.Hetoldusthattheearthround.D.hasbeenA.was B.is C.beD.hasbeen( )20.Theteachertoldusthatweafootballmatchtomorrowafternoon.A.have B.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave( )21.HetoldmethathetoJinanlastmonth.

A.go B.went C.hasgoneD.goes( )22.Idon,tknowmuchaboutcomputer,.A.too B.either C.neitherD.also( )23.TheYellowRiveristhesecondriverinChina.A.long B.longer C.longestD.mostlong( )24.Pleasetellmeshewillcomeornot.A.whetherB.if( )25.Wearenotsure.A.whetherB.if( )25.Wearenotsure.A.whenyouwillflytoSydneyC.whenflytoSydney( )26.Nooneknowsnext.howtodo B.whattodoC.that D.whywhenwillyouflytoSydneyD.whentoSydneytoflywhentodoD.whytodo( )27.—Shallwegoscubadivingwithsomeotherboysthisafternoon?A.Thatsoundsreallycool.B.Whatapity!C.I’msorryforthat. D.Itdoesn,tmatter.( )28.—Ihearmosthotelsareveryfullthesedays.—Don,tworry.I,vearoominafive-starhotel.C.paidD.keptB.HowimportantinformationC.paidD.keptB.HowimportantinformationD.Howanimportantinformation()29.itis!A.WhatimportantinformationC.Whatanimportantinformation( )30.Oh,Iyou