初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解

初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、考點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)回顧【詞匯辨析】1、across,through穿過(guò)across過(guò)橋梁等。eg:Theywalkacrossthepidge、他們步行走過(guò)了這座橋。througheg:Hewalksthroughthepark、他步行穿過(guò)公園。2、ill,sick一生病的II。ill只在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)eg：Hermotherwasillinbed、sick既可作表語(yǔ)eg:Hermotherwassickinbed、也可作定語(yǔ)eg：Janeistakingcareofhersickmother、若ill作定語(yǔ)，譯為一壞的，惡劣的Ieg：anillperson一個(gè)壞人sick作表語(yǔ)時(shí)也常譯為一惡心的，想吐的一eg：Theboyalwaysfeelssickwhenhetravelsbycar、【固定搭配】第1頁(yè)共1頁(yè)動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞/副詞+介詞makeroomfor給、、、、、騰出地方eg：Wecanmakeroomforheratthistable、playajokeon戲弄人；對(duì)人惡作劇eg:Wecan'tplayajokeonlaw、speakhighlyof稱贊eg:Thecustomsspeakhighlyoftheirqualityofservice、saygoodbyeto告別；告辭eg:Idon”twanttosaygoodbyetothem、takeanactivepartin積極參力口eg:Theytakeanactivepartinschoolactivities、takecareof照顧；照料；注意eg:CouldyoutakecareofmyplantswhileI“monvacation?【被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)】語(yǔ)態(tài)：英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：ManypeoplespeakChinese、謂語(yǔ)：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)manypeople來(lái)執(zhí)行的。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例如：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople、主語(yǔ)Chinese是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。第1頁(yè)共1頁(yè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的?，F(xiàn)以speak為例說(shuō)明被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+spoken一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were+spoken一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will/shallbe+spoken現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/arebeing+spoken過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/werebeing+spoken現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasbeen+spoken過(guò)去完成時(shí)：hadbeen+spoken被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。例如：Somenewputerswerestolenlastnight、一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。Thispidgewasfoundedin1981、這座橋竣工于1981年。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：TheglasswaspokenbyMike、玻璃杯是邁克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim、這本書(shū)是他寫(xiě)的。Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime、你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法第1頁(yè)共1頁(yè)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，將主格改為賓格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim、fHewaslaughedatbyallpeople、Theymakethebikesinthefactory、fThebikesaremadebytheminthefactory、Hecutdownatree、fAtreewascutdownbyhim、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays、fThiswatchcanberepairedintwodays、Theyshoulddoitatonce、fitshouldbedoneatonce、特殊情況madetheboyworkfortwohoursyesterday、fTheboywasmadetoworkbyhimfortwohoursyesterday、neverletsmewatchTV、fiamneverlettowatchTVbymother、gavePeteraChristmaspresentjustnow、第1頁(yè)共1頁(yè)—AChristmaspresentwasgiventoPeterbyJackjustnownow、—PeterwasgivenaChristmaspresentbyJackjust—PeterwasgivenaChristmaspresentbyJackjustnownow、常見(jiàn)的句型結(jié)構(gòu):Itisagreedwellknownthat、、、、、、眾所周知Itistakenforgrantedthat、、、、、、被視為當(dāng)然Itmustberememberedthat、、、、、、務(wù)必記住、、、、、、住、、、、、、Itmustn'tbeforgottenthat、、、、、、千萬(wàn)別忘記、、、、、、Itissaidthat、、、、、、據(jù)說(shuō)二、典型例題1、TheOlympicGameseveryfouryears、AareheldBwereheldC、areholdingD、willholdIntheartshow,alotofenjoyment toforeignfriendsbytheChinesepaintings、A、isgivingBisgivenCwillgiveDhasgivenTodayChineseisbeingmoreandmorepopular、Itin、manyschoolsaroundtheworld、第1頁(yè)共1頁(yè)teachesisteachinghastaughtistaughtBaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina, asisregardedhasregardedisregardingregardsUsuallyputerstosearchtheInter、useareusingareusedusedDoyouoftencleanyourclassroom?--Yes、Ourclassroomeveryday、cleancleansiscleaned7、一DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmeltterrible?第1頁(yè)共1頁(yè)一Yes、Infact,it、That“sallbecauseofthepeopleandthefactoriesaround、A、pollutedBwaspollutedChaspollutedwaspo11uteOurenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore、--You“reright、ButthankstoEarthDay,peoplehavedonemoreandmoreusefulthingstoprotecttheearthsinceEarthDay、isstartedwasstartedhasstarted-IfeelveryhappythatItobethehost、一Congratulations!chooseamchosenwaschosenhavenchosenManytreesandflowersinourschoollastyear，andtheymadeourschoolabeautifulgarden、A、plantB、plantedC、haveplanted第1頁(yè)共1頁(yè)D、wereplantedfamouspaintingsinthehallnextweek、willshowwereshownisshownwillbeshownAtalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyintheschoolhallnextweek、givenwillbegivenhasbeengivengives Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity、 Right、Manymoderntallbuildingshavebeenthesedays、turnedupputupshownupfixedupshouldnottodriveinChina、allowbeallow第1頁(yè)共1頁(yè)allowedbeallowed15、Yes,ourclassroomeveryday、cleancleansiscleanedCleaned三、課后練習(xí)Thoseeggsofdifferentcolorsareverybeautiful、—Yes,theyinHangzhou、paintedwerepaintingwerepaintedhadpainted Don'tlittertheground,boy,Lookatthesign：：—Rubbishintothedustbin、|| Sorry、A,hasthrowB,wasthrowC,mustthrowD,mustbethrownThe29thOlympicGamesinBeijinginxx、A、willhold第1頁(yè)共1頁(yè)A、singBwillbeheldsingingC、holdsingsl1、Thegirlwasoftenheardhappilyinherroom、B、tosingItisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildingsinourschoolinthenextterm、willbebuiltwasbuilthasbuiltwillbuildItisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildingsinourschoolinthenextterm、willbebuiltwasbuilthasbuiltwillbuildThesickboytohospitalbythepoliceyesterday、istakenwastaken第1頁(yè)共1頁(yè)takestook15、It’sdifficultforthevillagechildrentocrosstheriverforschool>--1thinkapidgeovertheriver、wasbuiltisbeingbuilthasbeenbuiltshouldbebuilt16、David,turnofftheTVnooneiswatchingit、--Butitoffalready!Themusicisfromtheradio、sothat,hasbeenturnedwhen,hasturnedif,hasbeenturnedbecause,hasturnedUsuallyJohntoschoolinhisfather'sbeautifulcar、hastakenistakingistaken第1頁(yè)共1頁(yè)hasbeentakenDon'tputofftoday'sworkfortomorrow、Imean,today'sworktoday、maydomustdomaybedonemustbedone--Look,whatanoldpalace!Itlookssogreat!--Yeah,itnearly800yearsago、wasbuildingwasbuilthasbuiltisbuiltDon'tdiscusstheproblemswithyourpartnerunlessyoutodoso、askareaskedwillaskwillbeasked典型例題一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1A。第1頁(yè)共1頁(yè)［解析］考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，根據(jù)句意，“奧運(yùn)會(huì)每四年舉行一次”可見(jiàn)須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故排除了B、C、D。2［答案］B。［解析］本題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，句中alotofenjoyment是動(dòng)作的承受者?！霸谶@次藝術(shù)展中，一些有趣的東西通過(guò)中國(guó)國(guó)畫(huà)展示給外國(guó)朋友?！?［答案答。［解析］考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。物作主語(yǔ)，一般要考慮被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但如果動(dòng)詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4［答案］A。［解析］選用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示人們對(duì)這位偉大作家的愛(ài)戴。5［答案］C。［解析］從句子看，電腦作主語(yǔ)，是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選C。6、［答案］C。［解析］考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)物作主語(yǔ)，一般要考慮被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但如果動(dòng)詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)第1頁(yè)共1頁(yè)1［答案］B?？疾楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。物作主語(yǔ)，一般要考慮被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但如果動(dòng)詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2［答案］B。［解析］從句意："〃〃自從‘地球日’開(kāi)始以來(lái)，人們已做了一些越來(lái)越有用的事保護(hù)環(huán)境?！笨芍?，“地球日”的開(kāi)始，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為亞@$started故選B。Weintofivegroupstogototheoldpeople”shome、Wedidmanythingstocheerthemup、［太原市］dividedaredividedweredivided3［答案］C。［解析］本題主要考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)句意及語(yǔ)境可推知空格處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式。由后一句一般將來(lái)過(guò)去1［答案］D。［解析］本題綜合考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)為“一些名畫(huà)”，在此為動(dòng)作“展出”的承受者，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為nextweek,是表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以句子時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，所以D項(xiàng)正確。2B第1頁(yè)共1頁(yè)答案8答案：口。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ibe+過(guò)去分詞。答案為C。句中有everyday,主語(yǔ)為ourclassroom,故要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！緟⒖即鸢浮?、答案口解析：依據(jù)句意：對(duì)不起，但我不知道什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，I和tell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。2、答案8解析：由題干時(shí)間nextyear科知識(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，句子主語(yǔ)是01dhouses，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選B。3、答案人解析：由Let’sgototheLost&Found、可知，說(shuō)明表丟失了。故選4、答案8解析：由DidyougotoSam'sweekendparty?可知陳述過(guò)去的動(dòng)作的發(fā)生，I和invite之間存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選B。5、答案C解析：Howoften+一般疑問(wèn)句？此句型用來(lái)提問(wèn)在某一特定時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行某個(gè)動(dòng)作的次數(shù)，表示一多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次I。往往針對(duì)頻度副詞如：always,seldom,usually,onceamonth,sometimes,everyfiveminutes、等提問(wèn)，常用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)。由題干yourschoolsportsmeeting作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選C。第1頁(yè)共1頁(yè)6、答案口解析：由OnMay30th,,可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過(guò)去；其主語(yǔ)是onebowl與sell存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。7、答案卜解析：依據(jù)題意：一千手觀音I被許多人認(rèn)為是中央電視臺(tái)春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)最好的節(jié)目。表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。其主語(yǔ)是The8、答案C解析：they指代Thoseeggsofdifferentcolors,主語(yǔ)是物，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。依據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)選C、。9、答案口解析：依據(jù)句意：垃圾必須扔進(jìn)垃圾箱