高考英語語法專項講義：虛擬語氣難點精講

高考英語語法專項講義：虛擬語氣難點精講簡明概述：虛擬語氣是指說話人講話的內(nèi)容與現(xiàn)實或事實相反，是一種主觀假想的情況。時態(tài)：可表示過去、現(xiàn)在和將來，特征是時態(tài)相應(yīng)退后。1.與現(xiàn)在事實相反的主觀假設(shè)：條件從句主句一般現(xiàn)在時改為

一般過去時

注：be動詞一律改為wereshould/would/could/might+動詞原形例句：Ifthere

were

anEnglishdictionary,we

could

consultitforthisdifficultword.Ifmybiggerbrother

were

here,he

would

dousafavortomovetheheavybox.2.與過去事實相反的主觀假設(shè)：條件從句主句一般過去時改為

過去完成時should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞例句：Ifhe

had

studied

morediligently,he

wouldhavepassed

theexamundoubtedly.Ifmyfavoriteteacher

hadbeenhere

yesterday,

I

wouldhavepaid

moreattentiontothelesson.Ifthechild

hadbeen

morecareful,he

wouldnothavemade

suchafoolishmistake.3.與將來事實相反的主觀假設(shè)：條件從句主句一般過去時注：be動詞一律改為wereshould/would/could/might+動詞原形were+todosthshould+動詞原形例句：Ifyou

made

greatprogressinthenearfuture,you

should

notforgetyourteachers.Ifyou

wereto

makegreatprogressinthenearfuture,you

should

notforgetyourteachers.Ifyou

should

makegreatprogressinthenearfuture,you

should

begratefultoyourteachers.混合條件句：主句和條件從句所發(fā)生的時間點不一致，這個時候就需要根據(jù)各自的時態(tài)進(jìn)行倒退來做相應(yīng)修改。例句：Ifyou

hadfinished

yourhomeworkbyyourselfyesterday（過去）,you

wouldnot

copyother’sanswersinahurry（現(xiàn)在）.Ifyou

hadasked

yourmotherhowtocooklastweek（過去）,you

would

knowclearlyeachcookingstepofthedish（現(xiàn)在）.虛擬語氣的倒裝如果從句中有were，should，had，則需要倒裝。倒裝方法：將if省略，再把were，should，had挪到從句的句首。

注：如果從句中沒有were，should，had，則不能省略if，也不可倒裝。例句：原句：Ifmy

bigger

brother

were

here,hewould

helpus

tomovetheheavybox.倒裝：Were

my

bigger

brotherhere,hewould

helpus

tomovetheheavybox.原句：Ifthechild

had

beenmorecareful,hewouldnothavemadesuchafoolishmistake.倒裝：Had

thechildbeenmorecareful,hewouldnothavemadesuchafoolishmistake.原句：Ifyou

should

makegreatprogressinthenearfuture,youshouldbegratefultoyourteachers.倒裝：Should

youmakegreatprogressinthenearfuture,youshouldbegratefultoyourteachers.虛擬語氣詞：should很簡單，三種形式（1）Itissuggested/requested/ordered,etc.（具有命令，建議，要求等口吻的動詞過去分詞）+thatsbshould（should可省略）do（動詞原形）sth.

注：這類動詞還可以有其他三種從句形式來代替。例如：原句：Itissuggestedthatstudents(should)usedictionaryinexam.賓語從句：

Isuggestthatstudents(should)usedictionaryinexam.

表語從句：

Mysuggestionisthatstudents(should)usedictionaryinexam.

同位語從句：

I

providedasuggestionthatstudents(should)usedictionaryinexam.（2）Itisnecessary/important/indispensable,etc.（帶有主觀色彩的形容詞）+thatsb(should)dosth.（3）Itisapity/ashame,etc.（名詞性詞組）+thatsb(should)dosth.虛擬語氣特殊句型：Itishigh（high可省略）timethat

…

該是……的時候了“that

…”從句動詞可以用（1）過去時（2）should（不能省略）+動詞原形例句：Itis(high)timethatwe

should

drawupacontract.Itis(high)timethatwedrewupa

contract.（草擬合同）含蓄虛擬語氣除了常規(guī)的連詞if以外，還可以借助其他介詞、介詞詞組、句子來引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣從句。

Without“要是沒有……”例句：Without

therescueoffirefighterstimely,ourliveswouldnothavebeensaved.Butfor“要不是……”例句：Butfor

yourprofessionalhelp,

I

couldnothaveachievedsuchabigprogressin

medicalcommunity.Under…

“在某種情況下……”例句：Undersuchcircumstances,thecriminalwouldnothaveperpetratedactsofviolenceuponchildren.With…

“有……的前提下”例句：With

thedatacollectedonemonthearlier,wecouldfinishtheprojectmoreefficiently.Intheabsenceof

…

“如果沒有……”例句：Intheabsenceof

law,womenwouldcontinuetolacktheirrightstovoteon

their

own.Otherwise“否則”例句：We

didn’t

knowhiseducational

background

andachievementinthisfield,

otherwise

wewouldhavefiredhim.Ifitwerenotfor

…

“要不是……（用于現(xiàn)在的情況）”例句：Ifitwerenotfor

thebrilliantguidanceof

theCommunistPartyofChina,wecouldnotleadahappylife.Ifithadnotbeenfor

…

“要不是……（用于過去/已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況）”例句：Ifithadnotbeenfor

myillness,

I

wouldhaveattendedthisimportantmeetinglastMonday.倒裝：Haditnotbeenfor

myillness,

I

wouldhaveattendedthisimportantmeetinglastMonday.9.asif/asthough…“好像…似的”按照具體的語境，既可以用虛擬語氣（表示與實際情況相反、主觀臆斷）、也可以用陳述語氣（表示實現(xiàn)的可能性較大或所說情況即是事實）例句：Timecantakeawayourhappiness

and

sadness

asif/though

it

was

endowedwithmagicpower.（與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣）My

teacher

hascontributedherselfalot

asif/though

she

was

acandle,whichlightsothers

and

consumesitself.（與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬