跨文化交際復(fù)習提綱

CommunicationDefinedICisactuallyanandapplieddisciplinehasdevelopedinternationallysincethe1950s.Sometimescalled“cross-communicationsor“comparativeculture,”or“transculture”.Onisrepresentedbyculturewherewepolitical,economiclifestyleofotherOnanotheritwherewebetweenculture.ICisafieldICisapplicationlikeculturalanthropology,sociology,andpedagogy.ICatoallaspectsofhumanculturesinteractwithInterculturalCommunicationInternationalFinalthetotalaccumulationofbeliefs,behaviors,institutionsandcommunicationpatternslearnedpasseddowngenerationsanidentifiable2.CulturalMetaphorsTheIcebergTheOnionTheTheFishTheStoryCulturebyChineseCulturebyCharacteristicsisThemembersofcultureshareasetof‘ideals,values,standardsofbehaviorsthissetofiswhatgiveslives,andbondtogetherasculture.isisnotinnatesensibility,acharacteristic.Childrenlearningtheirowncultureatwithimmediatefamilyhowinteracteachritualsthechildreninthecommunity,theirculturaleducationiswatchingsocialinteractions,takinginactivitiesinthecommunity,formingrelationshipsandplacetheculture.isbasedonInforculturebefromonepersonnext,theofsymbolsneedstobeofthetoitsmembers.isthroughlanguage,art,religionandmoney.isForsakeofkeepingtheculture,functioningallcultureForexample,thebedescribeallwithinthecultureinforandidealstotransmittedonepersonWithoutoflanguageintothefabricofculture,confusionanddysfunctionwouldreignculturewouldfail.issubjectiveIttothatdynamicratherstatic.areconstantlyevolvingimpactofandthroughwithcultures.isEthnocentrismthebeliefyourownincludingofproblems,values,beliefs,verbalisbelievetheirculturethecultureandculturesareincorrect,quaint.isoffersexamplescultureshavearesultoflaws,inwars,orwomenworkasCEOsinmajorofficialsinofremaininghomelookingwomentothisculturalcommunicationInwesterncultures,isasmeansoftransmittingWesternculturesinstrumentalofis,effectivenessisinofsuccessinothers’perspectiveofcommunicationDefinitionsofmanyAsianstressharmony,mostincultureswithaConfuciantradition.cultures’definecommunicationallpartiesaresearchingtoasocialrelationship.ofcommunication

信息源）Asender/sourcepersonwho（息）Amessageissignaltriggersofareceiver.（碼）referstotheactivitythewordsormethodstosendintentional（道）Channel/MediumisusedtodeliverReceiver（信Areceiverpersonwhonoticessomeamessage.（解碼thewordsorhe/shehasreceived.（Theresponseofareceivertoa’messagecalled（干擾atermwithmessages,noise

，physiologicalpsychologicalandsemanticNoiseis1)ExternalSoundsdistractcommunicators:voicesintheroom;ringsomeonecellameeting;etc.Otherofthattsound:overcrowdedroomorcigarPhysiologicalNoisePsychologicalforceswiththereceiverthategotism;preoccupation;fear;Noiseusingtheuseofjargon;differentofthemessage3.CharacteristicsofCommunicationCommunicationissystematicCommunicationissymbolicCommunicationisCommunicationistransactionalCommunicationisCommunicationiscontextual.HighAhigh-context(HC)communicationmessageoneinwhichofinformationeitherthephysicalcontextorinternalizedinperson,whichverylittleincoded,explicit,transmittedmessage.CommunicationoccursinwaysotherthanPeoplecontext.fastandbuttolearn.LowAlow-context(LC)istheopposite,themassofinformationvestedintheexplicitcode.Communicationoccursmostlysources:newspapers,textbooks,roadmaps,sheetsMoreimpersonal,buttransmittingamongdonotsharethesameHofstede’dimensionsversusUncertaintyPowerMasculinityfemininityUncertaintyThisreferstohowcomfortablefeeltowardsambiguityCultureswhichlow(comparedtootherfeelcomfortablewiththeunknown.AccordingtoHofstede(霍夫斯太德)uncertaintytotheforambiguityforformalrulesandhigh-levelorganizationalstructure.\Culture◆tothe[tr:'m?tik]experiencethatanwhenadifferent◆thedirection,thefeelingofknowingdoordothingsinknowingwhatisappropriateinappropriateStagesofshockThehoneymoonstage

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ThebiculturalitystagedeterministstructureandrelativityiscontrolledbyandAccordingtothelanguageisaguideto"reality".Itimpliesthatlanguageisnotmeansofreportingexperienceimportant,itisadefiningNothingthanricetoChinese,sowehaveexpressionslike“人鐵飯鋼and鐵飯碗.VerbalCommunicationStylesCultureinfluencesthestyleofcommunicationatgreatThecommunicationstyleconcerneduseoflanguageandStylesInthedirectverbalstyle,statementsclearlyrevealthespeaker’sintentions.U.S.AmericanstenduseastraightforwardIntheindirectotherhand,verbaltendhidethepeaker’sactualChinesetendtoforamoreway.（Self-EnhancementSelf-EffacementVerbalStyles?self-enhancementverbalstyleimportanceofboastingaboutone’saccomplishmentsabilities.Eg.theclassifiedads,Americanadmightbeginwith,“Ahandsome,athleticmalewithasenseafun-lovingpartner”?otheremphasizesimportancehumblingviarestraints,hesitationsmodestEg.theclassifiedads,Japaneseadmight“AlthoughInotverygoodlooking,I’mwillingtrybest.”StylesAnelaboratestyleembellishedcommunicationbemanyArab,MiddleandAfro-Americancultures.AnpersonsorisisusedAcharacterizedtheconciseunderstatements,andsilence.AcanbeinChina,andPersonalcommunicationstyleidentityofspeaker.Englishhasoneforsecondthatis,you.Thecontextualstylehighlights’sroleidentityandstatus.French,forexample,informalandpronounyou你您tu/vous).StyleAnverbalstyleandgoal-outcomeTheinstrumentalspeakercommunicationachievesomegoaloroutcome.Theunderstandingwiththespeaker.Anstyleandprocessoriented.Theaffectivespeakerisconcernednotwiththecommunication,ofbothspeakerandNonverbalCommunicationKinesics(身勢）目光olfactics(嗅haptics(觸行彩attire服)context1)istobodyaallbodyasPerceptionOrganizationInterpretationThe（化應(yīng)refersanindividuallearningandadoptingthenormsandvaluesnewhostacculturationAssimilationisainwhichmembersanethnicgroupabsorbedintothedominantculture,cultureintheb.isahighlevelofinteractionwithwhileidentitywiththeirculture.c.Separationpreferlevelsinteractionwiththehostandmicroculturalgroupswhiledesiringaconnectionwith,andtheirnativeIfsuchisinitiatedenforcedbythedominantthisiscalledd.Marginalization邊緣化Marginalizationthenotidentifyhisorhernativecultureorwithculture.foundininterculturalsituation,ameansofourintoandsimplethatwetostandforthecollectionofreasonforpervasivenatureofisthathaveneedtoandclassify.econd,stereotypesfromsuccessfulcommunicatorstheyover-simplified,aredistortions,andcreateofwithhird,stereotypesinterculturalcommunicationreinforceuntiloftenbecometakenForyears,werestereotypesasrathergroup.Thestereotypeofas"homemakers"oftenkeepswomenfromadvancingintheEthnocentrismEthnocentrismtobeliefthatone'primarytoallreality.learnearlyinlife,andontheunconsciouslevel.itmightmajorbarriertointerculturalcommunication.negativeimpactethnocentrismoninterculturalcommunicationisclearlyStewardandal,1998):communicationisisperceivedeffectiveincertainobjectivesandiswhichinteractionoccurs.CommunicationCompetencecompetenceisathatothers.Intercultural“Theabilitytobecomeeffectiveandappropriateininteractingacrosscultures”InterculturalcompetenceInterculturalcompetencereferstotheabilityeffectiveandinterculturalcommunicationdifferentc.AttitudesManyattitudescontributetocommunicationforempathy,nonjudgmentalnessd.Behaviorsskillscompetence.macrolevelmanythereatwhichtheseareimplementedinContextualInterculturaltoalltheinthe