科羅拉多大峽谷The-Grand-Canyon

Welcometothe

GrandCanyon!visionTheGrand

Canyon

inArizonaisoneofthelargestandmostbeautifulofallcanyons.Itextendsfourhundredfiftykilometers.visionvision

Whenyoureachitsedge……nothingelseintheworld.visionHundredsof

rocky

pointsrisefromthebottomoftheGrandCanyon.sobeautiful!visionFortymillionyearsago,theColoradoRiverbegancuttingthroughthearea.Atthesametime,thesurroundinglandwaspushedupbyforcesdeepwithintheEarth.Rain,snow,ice,wind,andplantrootsrubbedawayatthetopofthenew

canyon.Below,theflowing

rivercontinuedto

uncover

moreandmorelevelsofancientrock.Wallsofrockfallawaysharplyatyourfeet.Insomeplaces,the

canyonwallsaremorethanakilometerdeep.visionvisiontheColoradoRiver.Ontheotherside,sunshinelightsupthenakedrockwallsinred,orange,andgold.Thebrightcolorsaretheresultofmineralsintherocks..visionTheir

appearance

changesendlessly--withthelight,thetimeofyear,andtheweather.sunsetvisionblue,purple,green.visionTheclimatewinteryoumayfindcoldwindsandsnowatthetop……springButatthebottom,youmayfindwarmwindsandflowers.

Severalkindsofplantsandanimalsarefoundinthe

canyon

andnowhereelseonEarth.Becausethe

canyon'senvironmentsare

sodifferent,these

species

didnot

spredbeyondthecanyon,orevenfarwithinit.visionTheHopi,thePaiute,theNavajoandotherNativeAmericantribeshaveallbeenintheareaforatleastsevencenturies.

However,muchofwhatweknowtodayabouttheGrand

Canyon

wasrecordedbyJohnWesleyPowell.Ineighteensixty-nine,hebecamethefirstwhiteAmericantoexplore

muchofthe

canyon.HistoryvisionToday,theGrand

Canyon

isknownasoneofthesevenwondersofthenaturalworld.AboutfivemillionpeoplevisittheCanyoneachyear.America'sNationalParkServiceisresponsibleforprotectingtheGrand

Canyon

fromtheeffectsofsomanyvisitors.

Allwastematerialmustbecarriedoutofthe

Canyon.Allrocks,historicalobjects,plants,andwildlifemustbeleftuntouched.Takeonlyphotographs.Leaveonlyfootprints!vision

ManywritershavetriedtodescribethewonderoftheGrandCanyon.Theyusewordslikemysterious,overpowering,strange.Yetwritersrecognizethatitisimpossibletoputhumanmeaninginsuchaplace.TheGrandCanyonexistsinitsownspaceandtime.《Canyon

Lullaby》——PaulWinterArtisticworks：visionthemorningvisionThealmostoverpoweringsilenceanddeepnessoftheGrandCanyonshakespeople--atleastbriefly--outoftheirself-importance.Itwillmakesusrememberourplaceinthenaturalworld.

visionAndnow,it'stimeto···Thankyou!Andbestwishesforyou~

Goodbye~

演講文本：TheGrand

Canyon:ATrueWonderoftheWorldVOICEONE:I'mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndI'mBarbaraKleinwithEXPLORATIONSinVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wetakeyoutooneofthemost

popular

andbeautifulplacesintheUnitedStates.ItistheGrand

Canyon

inthesouthwesternstateofArizona.今天，我們將帶著大家認(rèn)識(shí)在美國(guó)最受游客歡迎、最美麗的一處景點(diǎn)——西南部亞利桑那州的大峽谷。(MUSIC:"Canyon

Lullaby")VOICEONE:ThecanyonsofAmerica'sSouthwestaredeep,ancientopeningsintheearth.美國(guó)西南部的大峽谷是世界上最深、最古老的峽谷。Theylookasiftheyformedastheearth

split

apart.Butthecanyonsdidnotsplit.Theywerecutbyrivers.Theriverscarrieddirtandpiecesofstonethatslowlyateawayatthesurroundingrock.Formillionsofyears,theriversturnedandpushed.Theycutdeeperanddeeperintotheearth.Theyleftapathwayofgreat

rocky

openingsintheearththat

extend

forhundredsofkilometers.它們可能成形于地球板塊分裂之時(shí)。不過(guò)，大峽谷并沒(méi)有裂開。它是被一條條的河流給隔開的。帶著沙石的河流逐漸侵蝕周圍的巖石，數(shù)百萬(wàn)年來(lái)，不停地流轉(zhuǎn)、沖刷。河流越來(lái)越深地切入地表，在延綿數(shù)百公里的大峽谷中留下了一條通道。VOICETWO:TheGrand

Canyon

inArizonaisoneofthelargestandmostbeautifulofallcanyons.Itextendsfourhundredfiftykilometers.亞利桑那州的大峽谷是最大、最美麗的峽谷之一，綿延450公里。Thesurroundingareadoesnotmakeyou

suspect

theexistenceofsuchagreatopeningintheearth.Youcomeuponthe

canyon

suddenly,whenyoureachitsedge.Thenyouarelookingatalandlikenothingelseintheworld.但周圍的區(qū)域環(huán)境讓你不會(huì)想到地球上還有如此巨大的峽谷。只有當(dāng)游客們到達(dá)峽谷邊緣時(shí)，才會(huì)突然感覺(jué)到它的存在。他們所看到的是世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的一片土地。VOICEONE:Wallsofrockfallawaysharplyatyourfeet.Insomeplaces,the

canyon

wallsaremorethanakilometerdeep.Farbelowisthedark,turninglineoftheColoradoRiver.腳底下就是刀削一般險(xiǎn)峻的懸崖壁。有些地方的懸崖深達(dá)一千多米，懸崖之下就是深邃的、蜿蜒的科羅拉多河。Ontheotherside,sunshinelightsupthenakedrockwallsinred,orange,andgold.Thebrightcolorsaretheresultofmineralsintherocks.Their

appearance

changesendlessly--withthelight,thetimeofyear,andtheweather.峽谷的另一邊，陽(yáng)光輝映下的峭壁呈紅、橙和金色；絢麗的色彩是因?yàn)榍捅谏系牡V石所致。其色彩隨著陽(yáng)光、季節(jié)和氣候的變化而變化。Atsunset,whenthesunhasmovedacrossthesky,thecanyon

wallsgiveuptheirfieryredsandgolds.Theytakeonquietercolorsofblue,purple,andgreen.

日落時(shí)，陽(yáng)光劃過(guò)天空，峽谷峭壁褪去了火一般的紅色和金色，呈現(xiàn)出較為柔和的藍(lán)色、紫色和綠色。VOICETWO:Hundredsof

rocky

pointsrisefromthebottomoftheGrandCanyon.Someareverytall.Yetallarebelowthelevelofanobserverontheedge,lookingover.LookingattheGrand

Canyon

islikelookingbackintime.數(shù)百座石峰屹立于峽谷中，有些石峰非常高。然而，站在懸崖上俯瞰，所有的石峰又盡在腳下。了解大峽谷的歷史要穿越歷史的長(zhǎng)河。Fortymillionyearsago,theColoradoRiverbegancuttingthroughthearea.Atthesametime,thesurroundinglandwaspushedupbyforcesdeepwithintheEarth.Rain,snow,ice,wind,andplantrootsrubbedawayatthetopofthenew

canyon.Below,the

flowing

rivercontinuedto

uncover

moreandmorelevelsofancientrock.SomeofEarth'soldestrocksareseenhere.Therearemanylevelsof

granite,schist,

limestone,andsandstone.四千萬(wàn)年前，科羅拉多河開始流經(jīng)這一地帶。與此同時(shí)，周圍的土地被地球深處的能量推向高處。雨雪、冰雹、風(fēng)和植物的根部侵蝕了新形成的峽谷的頂部。峽谷下面，河流奔騰不息地沖刷著地古老的巖石，沖刷面越來(lái)越大。這里有一些世界上最古老的巖石。有很多各種層次的花崗巖、片巖、石灰?guī)r和砂巖VOICEONE:TheGrand

Canyon

hasseveralweatherenvironments.Thetopisoftenmuchdifferentfromthebottom.Onsomewinterdays,forexample,youmayfindcoldwindsandsnowatthetop.Butatthebottom,youmayfindwarmwindsandflowers.峽谷地區(qū)有好幾種氣候環(huán)境。谷頂和谷底的氣候通常相差很大。舉個(gè)例子，冬季來(lái)臨時(shí)，谷頂可能寒風(fēng)呼嘯、遍布積雪，谷底卻暖風(fēng)拂面、鮮花盛開。Severalkindsofplantsandanimalsarefoundinthe

canyon

andnowhereelseonEarth.Becausethe

canyon'senvironmentsaresodifferent,these

species

didnot

spread

beyondthecanyon,orevenfarwithinit.大峽谷的某些植物和動(dòng)物也是世界上其它地區(qū)無(wú)法見(jiàn)到的。其原因是因?yàn)榇髰{谷獨(dú)特的生態(tài)環(huán)境使這些生物無(wú)法傳播到峽谷的周邊地區(qū)，甚至無(wú)法在峽谷以外的地方存活。(MUSIC)VOICETWO:NativeAmericanIndians

occupied

theGrand

Canyon

threethousandyearsago.

Evidence

oftheirexistencehasbeenfoundinmorethantwothousandfivehundredplacessofar.Bones,hair,feathers,eventheremainsofplantshavebeenfoundindeep,drycaveshighintherockwalls.芭芭拉?克萊恩：美國(guó)印第安人三千年前就居住大峽谷地區(qū)。到目前為止，已經(jīng)找到2500多處地方可以證明他們?cè)?jīng)在這一帶生活過(guò)。人們?cè)趲r壁深處干燥的巖洞里發(fā)現(xiàn)了骨骼、毛發(fā)、羽毛，甚至還有殘留的植物。TheHopi,thePaiute,theNavajoandotherNativeAmericantribeshaveallbeenintheareaforatleastsevencenturies.

However,muchofwhatweknowtodayabouttheGrand

Canyon

wasrecordedbyJohnWesleyPowell.霍皮人、派尤特人、納瓦霍人還有其他的印第安部落都曾在峽谷地帶生活過(guò)七個(gè)世紀(jì)以上。不過(guò)，我們今天對(duì)大峽谷的了解來(lái)自約翰?韋斯利?鮑威爾的記錄。Ineighteensixty-nine,hebecamethefirstwhiteAmericantoexplore

muchofthe

canyon.1869年，約翰?韋斯利?鮑威爾成為第一個(gè)深入探索大峽谷的美國(guó)白人。VOICEONE:JohnWesleyPowellandhisgrouptraveledinfourboats.Theyknewverylittleaboutgettingovertherapid,

rocky

watersoftheColoradoRiver.Inmanyareasoffast-flowing

water,aboatcouldbeturnedoverbyawaveashighasahouse.Soonafterstarting,Powell'sgrouplostsomeofitsfoodandequipment.Thenthreemembersofthegroupleft.Astheywalkedupandoutofthe

canyon,theywerekilledbyIndians.Therestofthegroupwasluckyto

survive.Starvingandtired,theyreachedtheendofthe

canyon.TheyhadtraveledontheColoradoRiverformorethanthreemonths.JohnWesleyPowell'sreportsandmapsfromthetripmadehimfamous.TheyalsogreatlyincreasedinterestintheGrandCanyon.Butvisitorsdidnotbegintogotothereinlargenumbersuntilnineteen-oh-one.Thatwaswhena

railroad

reachedthearea.史蒂夫?恩伯：約翰?韋斯利?鮑威爾和他的隊(duì)員乘坐四艘輪船航行。他們對(duì)遍布礁石的、險(xiǎn)峻的科羅拉多河所知甚少。在很多水流湍急的水域，船只很有可能被房子一般高的波浪擊沉到海底。出發(fā)后不久，鮑威爾的船隊(duì)損失了一些食物和設(shè)備。接著，船隊(duì)又損失了三名船員。他們?cè)谙麓叱鰨{谷時(shí)被印第安人殺害了。其余的船員幸存了下來(lái)。帶著饑餓和疲勞，他們來(lái)到了峽谷的盡頭。他們已經(jīng)在科羅拉多河上航行了三個(gè)多月。約翰?韋斯利?鮑威爾繪制了讓他成名的航行路線圖，并記錄了航行經(jīng)過(guò)。這些資料也大大喚起了人們對(duì)大峽谷的興趣。大峽谷在1990年通上了火車。不過(guò)在那之前，很少有大批游客來(lái)大峽谷。(MUSIC)VOICETWO:

Today,theGrand

Canyon

isknownasoneofthesevenwondersofthenaturalworld.Aboutfivemillionpeoplevisitthe

canyon

eachyear.大峽谷被認(rèn)為是世界七大自然奇觀之一，每年約有五百萬(wàn)游客前來(lái)參觀Mostvisitorswalkalongpathspartwaydownintothecanyon.Ittakesseveralhourstowalktothebottom.Ittakestwotimesaslongtogetbackup.Somevisitorsridemulestothebottomandback.Themulesarestronganimalsthatlooklikehorses.Theyareknownfortheirabilitytowalkslowlyandsafelyonthepaths.許多游客沿小路而下進(jìn)入峽谷，數(shù)小時(shí)之內(nèi)可以抵達(dá)谷底，原路返回還需增加一倍的時(shí)間。也有游客騎騾子往返于懸崖和谷底之間。騾子看起來(lái)像馬一樣強(qiáng)壯，以在小路上行走緩慢、安全而出名。America'sNationalParkServiceisresponsibleforprotectingtheGrand

Canyon

fromtheeffectsofsomanyvisitors.Allwastematerialmustbecarriedoutofthe

canyon.Allrocks,historicalobjects,plants,andwildlifemustbeleftuntouched.AstheNationalParkServicetellsvisitors:"Takeonlyphotographs.Leaveonlyfootprints.美國(guó)國(guó)家公園服務(wù)處保護(hù)大峽谷，使之免受游客的破壞。游客必須帶走所有的垃圾。所有的巖石、歷史文物和野生動(dòng)植物都必須完好無(wú)損，正如國(guó)家公園給游客的忠告一樣：“帶走的是照片，留下的是腳印。”VOICEONE:ThereareseveralotherwaystovisittheGrand

Canyon.Hundredsofthousandsofpeopleseethe

canyon

byaireachyear.Theypayahelicopterorairplane

pilot

toflythemaboveandaroundthecanyon.AbouttwentythousandpeopleayearseetheGrand

Canyon

fromtheColoradoRiveritself.Theyrideboatsovertherapid,

rocky

water.Thesetripslastfromoneweektothreeweeks.史蒂夫?恩伯：游覽大峽谷有很多種方式，每年都有很多人從空中俯瞰峽谷。他們花錢請(qǐng)直升機(jī)或飛機(jī)飛行員帶他們盤旋于大峽谷上空。每年大約有兩萬(wàn)名游客在科羅拉多河上乘船游覽大峽谷。他們乘船經(jīng)過(guò)遍布礁石的、險(xiǎn)峻的河流。這些旅程可持續(xù)一到三周。VOICETWO:VisitorscanseetheGrand

Canyon

instillanotherway.Ahugeglasswalkway,calledtheSkywalk,extendstwenty-onemetersfromtheedgeoftheGrand

Canyon.TheSkywalkis

suspended

morethanonethousandtwohundredmetersabovethebottomofthecanyon.Itisshapedlikeagianthorseshoe.Visitorspaytwenty-fivedollarseachtowalkbeyondthecanyonwalls,surroundedbythecanyon,whilestandingattheedgeoftheglassbridge.TheHualapaiIndianTribebuilttheSkywalkatacostofmorethanfortymilliondollars.Thetribeownsalmostfourhundredthousandhectaresoflandinthe

canyon.TheHualapaibuilttheSkywalktogainmoneybygettingmorepeopletovisitits

reservation.Thetribesaysthearea,calledGrand

Canyon

West,will

include

alargevisitors'center,restaurants,andpossiblyhotelsinthefuture.SomepeoplesaytheSkywalkisanengineeringwonder.However,otherpeoplehave

criticized

theSkywalkandfuturedevelopment.

TheysayitharmsanationaltreasureandreducestheenjoymentofnatureintheGrand

Canyon.（音樂(lè)）芭芭拉?克萊恩：還有一種方式可以讓游客們游覽大峽谷。大峽谷的懸崖邊延伸出一條寬達(dá)21米的玻璃通道，被稱為“天空步道”?！疤炜詹降馈睉覓煸诰喙鹊?200多米的半空，其形狀就像一個(gè)巨大的馬蹄鐵。游客可以花25美元走在巖壁外面，四圍都是峽谷，人就站在玻璃天橋的邊緣。華拉派印第安部落耗資四千多萬(wàn)美元建造了這座人行天橋。該部落擁有大峽谷近四十萬(wàn)公頃的土地。他們通過(guò)吸引更多的游客參觀這一歷史遺產(chǎn)來(lái)集資建造天橋。華拉派部落表示，這一地帶稱為西部大峽谷，將來(lái)還會(huì)有大型的游客中心、餐館，有可能還有酒店。有人認(rèn)為“天空步道”是建筑上的奇跡。不過(guò)，也有人批評(píng)“天空步道”及未來(lái)的發(fā)展。他們認(rèn)為它浪費(fèi)了國(guó)家的財(cái)富，也減少了人們對(duì)大峽谷的自然風(fēng)光的享受。(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Manywritershavetriedto

describe

thewonderoftheGrand

Canyon.Theyusewordslikemysterious,

overpowering,strange.Yetwriters

recognize

thatitis

impossible

toputhumanmeaningin