非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-分詞的用法

復(fù)習(xí):分詞有關(guān)用法一.分詞可分為:(以do為例)(doing)(done)二.現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞區(qū)別：區(qū)別區(qū)別

語(yǔ)態(tài)

時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞()過(guò)去分詞()現(xiàn)在分詞

()過(guò)去分詞

()主動(dòng)被動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行已經(jīng)完成

復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)一：根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思,用所給動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞填空a

film動(dòng)人的電影a

mother受感動(dòng)的媽媽(主動(dòng))(被動(dòng))a

leaf一片飄落的樹(shù)葉a

leaf一片落葉(正在進(jìn)行)(已經(jīng)完成)movingmoved1.move2.fallfallingfallen復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)二:

分詞做表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),賓補(bǔ)用法她現(xiàn)在好累.這工作累人.Sheisvery

.Theworkis

.1.

表語(yǔ):運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞完整句子tiredtiring這就是那只嚇人的老虎.這就是受了驚嚇的女孩.（frighten）Thisisthe

tiger.Thisisthe

girl.2.1定語(yǔ)（單個(gè)分詞）前置frighteningfrightened2.2定語(yǔ)（分詞短語(yǔ)）后置正在建房那些人是我的朋友.去年建造的那座房子將要拆除.正在建造的那座房子將是個(gè)商店.Thepeople

aremyfriends.Thehouse

willbepulleddown.builtlastyearThehouse

willbeastore.

beingbuiltbuildingthehouse*分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)可改成()定語(yǔ)從句我看見(jiàn)那玻璃是破的.我看見(jiàn)那男孩在把玻璃砸破.Isawtheglass

.Isawtheboy

.3.賓補(bǔ)brokenbreakingtheglassseewatchlookathearlistentofeelnotice+sb.

+dodoingdonemakelethave動(dòng)詞catchhavekeepgetleavemakesendsetstart現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞

catch等幾個(gè)特殊動(dòng)詞接分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的情況：(1)I’llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理發(fā)。(2)Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。(3)Don’tleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完?！咀⒁狻窟^(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一定和賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。使役動(dòng)詞have接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況。

1.過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由他人完成。

(1)Hehadhismoneystolen.他的錢給偷了。（被別人偷去了）

2.過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由句中的主語(yǔ)所經(jīng)歷。如：

(2)Hehadhislegbroken.他的腿斷了。（自己的經(jīng)歷）Grammar:

TheParticiplephraseusedasAdverbial分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)A.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)學(xué)與練

把劃線部分改寫成分詞短語(yǔ)并說(shuō)明其功能1.Whentheysawtheirteacher,thestudentsstoodup.Seeingtheirteacher,thestudentsstoodup.*現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是(

)句子主語(yǔ)*現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作()時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

1.

Aftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework,theywenthome.Havingfinishedtheirhomework,they

went

home.*現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作()*Havingfinishedtheirhomework表現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作在wenthome(),故用分詞的().時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)之前完成式2.Becausehewasill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.Beingill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.*現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)3.IfyouworkharderatEnglish,youwillmakegreaterprogress.WorkingharderatEnglish,youwillmakegreaterprogress.*現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作條件狀語(yǔ)4.Althoughtheyfeltverytired，theykeptrunning.*Feelingverytired,theykeptrunning.

現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作讓步狀語(yǔ)5.Thechildrencameintotheclassroom,andtheylaughedandtalked.(并列句)*Thechildrencameintotheclassroom,laughingandtalking.*現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨或方式狀語(yǔ)*Laughingandtalking,

thechildrencameintotheclassroom.把下列劃線部分改寫成分詞短語(yǔ),并說(shuō)明其功能B.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)學(xué)與練1.Whenshewasaskedwhyshedidit,shebegantocry.*Askedwhyshedidit,shebegantocry.*過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)*從句的動(dòng)詞用的是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)*過(guò)去分詞的動(dòng)作由主語(yǔ)承受2.Becausehewasmovedbyherwords,hedecidedtohelpthepoorboy.*Movedbyherwords,hedecidedtohelpthepoorboy.*過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)3.IfIamgivenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.*Givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.*過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作條件狀語(yǔ)4.Althoughtheyhadbeendefeated

manytimes，theycontinuedtofight.*Defeated

manytimes,theycontinuedtofight.=Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.*過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作讓步狀語(yǔ)*為使?fàn)钫Z(yǔ)含義更加明確，有時(shí)在過(guò)去分詞前可加上適當(dāng)連詞*Onceused,thecarwillneverbesoldagain.(once“一旦……”)=Onceitisused,thecarwillneverbesoldagain.*Whenheated,waterturnsintosteam.

=Whenwaterisheated,waterturnsintosteam.5.Theteacherstoodthereandhewas

surrounded(包圍)bymanystudents.*Theteacherstoodtheresurroundedbymanystudents=Surroundedbymanystudents,theteacherstoodthere.*過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨或方式狀語(yǔ)六.分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)須注意的問(wèn)題:練習(xí):判斷正誤并改正1.Standingatthetopofthehill,wecanseeShiyanTown.(√)*現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出=Whenwestandatthetopofthehill,wecanseeShiyanTown.2.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wecanseeShiyanTown.(×)*Seenfromthetopofthehill,ShiyanTowncanbeseenclearly.*過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作由句子的主語(yǔ)承受=whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,ShiyanTowncanbeseenclearly.3.Moveddeeplybywhathesaid,sohedecidedtohelpthepoorgirl.(×)*去掉so*分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),不能和連詞連用.Becausehewasmoveddeeplybywhathesaid,sohedecidedtohelpthepoorgirl.(×)4.Whenvisitedatnight,youmustmakesurethevisitorisreallyyourfriend.(√)=Whenyouarevisited,youmustmakesurethevisitorisreallyyourfriend.5.Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followingbysixstudents.(×)Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followedbysixstudents.*過(guò)去分詞的動(dòng)作由主語(yǔ)承受,而現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作有主語(yǔ)發(fā)出.6.Althoughlaughedatbyothers,hedidn’tgiveuphishope.(√)=Althoughhewaslaughedat

byothers,hedidn’tgiveuphishope.

注意：過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)

(1)Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn’thearthesound.因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾校运麤](méi)聽(tīng)到那個(gè)聲音。

值得注意的是，有些過(guò)去分詞因來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表被動(dòng)而表主動(dòng)。這樣的過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：

lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；stationed（駐扎）；lost/absorbedin（沉溺于）；born（出身于）；dressedin（穿著）；tiredof（厭煩）,becaughtin(被困住)。

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句不同時(shí)，帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的分詞短語(yǔ)被稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。多做狀語(yǔ)。Ifweatherpermits,Iwillgoandvisitthezoo.==Weatherpermitting,Iwillgoandvisitthezoo.Whenthemeetingwasover,wealllefttheroom.==Themeetingbeingover,wealllefttheroom.AsitisSunday,Ineedn’tgotoschool.==ItbeingSunday,Ineedn’tgotoschool.1．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式：（1）名詞/代詞+-ing分詞及其短語(yǔ)

Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.

Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.（2）名詞/代詞+-ed分詞及其短語(yǔ)Good-byesaid,wewenthome.

Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.（3）名詞/代詞+形容詞及其短語(yǔ)

Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.

Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.（4）名詞/代詞+不定式及其短語(yǔ)

Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.

Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.（5）名詞/代詞+副詞及其短語(yǔ)

Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.

（6）名詞/代詞+介詞及其短語(yǔ)

Shestoodthere,bookinhand.

Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.2．with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（1）with+名詞/代詞+名詞

Thebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.

Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofbleedingflesh.

（2）with+名詞/代詞+介詞

Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.

Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.

（3）with+名詞/代詞+副詞

Hewentoutwithhishaton.

Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithherlightson.4）with+名詞/代詞+形容詞

Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.

Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.5）with+名詞/代詞+-ing分詞

Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.

Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.（6）with+名詞/代詞+-ed分詞

Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.

Hediedwithhislife’sworkstillunfinished.

Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.（7）with+名詞/代詞+不定式

Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.3.由Therebeing+主語(yǔ)這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因?yàn)橛性S多書要讀，他經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。分詞的重要句型：generallyspeaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)

franklyspeaking坦誠(chéng)地說(shuō)2.judgingfrom從…來(lái)判斷3.speakingof說(shuō)起…,提到。。。

talkingof/about說(shuō)起…,提到。。。4.supposing…假設(shè)。。。5.provided/providingthat…倘若6.with/without+n./pron.+adj./adv./prepphr./doing/todo/done1._____blackandblue,theladycouldn’tmove.A.BeatenB.BeatingC.TobebeatenD.TobeatExercises2.____everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere____themselves.A.Hunting,hidingB.Tohunt,tohideC.Hunted,hidingD.Hunted,tohide3.Theteacherwalkedtolab,_____.A.followedbyhisstudentsB.hisstudentsfollowedC.andfollowedbyhisstudentsD.bothAandB4.When_______intothewarmroom,icesoonchangesintowater.A.heatingandtakingB.heated,andtakingC.heatingortakenD.heatedortaken5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.

A.beginsB.havingbegun

C.beginningD.begun6.Mr.Smith,_______ofthe________speech,startedtoreadanovel.(03’北京春)

A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring7.Shewassadbecauseof___anychanceleft.A.therebeingnotB.therenotbeingC.nottherebeingD.therewasnot8.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.(上海2002)

A.beingknown

B.havingbeenknown

C.tobeknown

D.known9._______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01’全國(guó)夏)

A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered10.Before____,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingusedB.usingitC.beingusedto D.using

11.Pricesofdailygoods________throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.(02’京皖春)

A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying12.The

Emperor's

New

Clothes,

is

an

________

text.

All

of

us

are

________

in

it.

A.

exciting;excitingB.

excited;excited

C.

excited;exciting

D.

exciting;excited

13.She

asked

if

there

is

anything___for

tonight.

A.

to

plan

B.

planned

C.

that

plans

D.

planning

14.The____morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,____byhisnaughtyboy.A.following;followingB.followed;followedC.following;followed D.followed;following15.____thesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhen