高中英語人教版本冊總復(fù)習(xí) u4p

Unit4Globalwarming第一部分教學(xué)設(shè)計說明Aboutthetopicandthestructures單元話題和結(jié)構(gòu)本單元的話題是“Globalwarming/全球變暖”，介紹了“能源”、“能源危機(jī)”和“溫室效應(yīng)”。單元句法項目依然是it用法。教學(xué)設(shè)計在單元課時劃分上與課本保持一致，即“閱讀課、知識課、運(yùn)用課三課時/三課型劃分”。但在實際教學(xué)過程中，我們建議教師依據(jù)學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)、教學(xué)條件、學(xué)校安排的因素，對課本、對教學(xué)設(shè)計重新劃分課時、裁剪、拼接使用我們提供的材料，以便“物盡所用”，達(dá)到最佳教學(xué)效果。教師也可以參照我們提出的“實際教學(xué)過程課時劃分建議”進(jìn)行教學(xué)。Period1Reading閱讀課WarmingUp引導(dǎo)學(xué)生識別和辨認(rèn)英國英語和美國英語，進(jìn)而對英語在種種變體獲得一個初步的感性認(rèn)識。Pre-reading要求學(xué)生看圖列表，回答有關(guān)“能源的用途”、“能源的來源”、“可再生能源”等方面的問題，為閱讀后面的短文做背景、詞語和結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)備。補(bǔ)充：能源利用效率反映了國家社會生產(chǎn)力水平,能源消費(fèi)水平反映人民生活質(zhì)量,能源產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的加速器。Reading“地球變暖：后果嚴(yán)重嗎？”是篇說明文，探討了地球變暖的原因、地球變暖的后果等方面的問題。教師應(yīng)當(dāng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從形式和內(nèi)容兩方面閱讀本文，提高對說明文文體的認(rèn)識，同時了解“溫室效應(yīng)”的前因后果。通過學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)生應(yīng)該明白：大氣中的二氧化碳濃度增加，阻止地球熱量的散失，使地球發(fā)生可感覺到的氣溫升高，這就是有名的“溫室效應(yīng)”。促使地球氣溫升高的氣體稱為“溫室氣體”。二氧化碳是數(shù)量最多的溫室氣體，約占大氣總?cè)萘康?。Period2Learningaboutlanguage知識課Learningaboutlanguage第一部分是詞法訓(xùn)練，強(qiáng)化學(xué)生對本單元重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語的掌握和實用；第二部分是句法訓(xùn)練，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化學(xué)生對英語“it用法”的理解和運(yùn)用。Period3Usinglanguage運(yùn)用課Usinglanguage重點(diǎn)是閱讀“對全球變暖我們可以做些什么？”；寫作部分要求學(xué)生“倆倆”活動，運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞語、結(jié)構(gòu)和話題知識編寫“減少大氣二氧化碳排放量的種種方法”；“聽、討論”部分首先圍繞“能源多樣化”聽一個采訪錄音，然后發(fā)表自己的見解。補(bǔ)充“歷史上的能源危機(jī)”：1973年能源危機(jī)—原因：石油輸出的主要力量為阿拉伯國家，他們因不滿西方國家支持以色列而采取石油禁運(yùn)而導(dǎo)致這次危機(jī)。1979年能源危機(jī)—原因：伊朗革命爆發(fā)。1990年石油價格暴漲—原因：波斯灣戰(zhàn)爭。2023年石油價格上漲—原因：多種原因?qū)е?。實際教學(xué)過程課時劃分建議Period1將WarmingUp、Pre-reading、Reading和Comprehending整合在一起上一節(jié)“閱讀課”。Period2將Learningaboutlanguage和Workbook中的USINGWORDSANDEXPRESSIONS、USINGSTRUCTURES整合在一起上一節(jié)“語言知識課”。Period3將Usinglanguage設(shè)計為一節(jié)包括聽說讀寫單項技能或組合技能訓(xùn)練的“綜合技能課（一）”。Period4將Workbook的READINGANDLISTENING和TALKING整合在一起上一節(jié)“聽說課”。Period5將Workbook的LISTENINGTASK、READINGANDWRITINGTASK和SPEAKINGTASK整合為一節(jié)“綜合技能課（二）”。第二部分教學(xué)資源說明Section1Background背景圍繞單元話題“全球變暖”我們提供了若干實用性背景材料。這些材料既可以作為教師教學(xué)參考材料為教師所用，也可以直接或改寫、重組后作為課堂內(nèi)外的拓展性閱讀材料呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生。Section2Explanation解析重點(diǎn)針對“閱讀課型”中的課文難句，我們提供了詳盡的，就句論句的解析和翻譯，并且以解析的焦點(diǎn)話題為線索，進(jìn)行了一定的歸納、辨析和總結(jié)，以幫助教師更好地實施“語言形式”的教學(xué)。Section3Vocabulary詞匯按照課本單元詞匯表順序，我們重點(diǎn)提供動詞、短語搭配的講解。所提供的例句，經(jīng)典、地道、實用、易懂，完全可以直接用于教學(xué)。第三部分教學(xué)測評說明圍繞單元詞法、句法項目，我們提供了長短不一的“單元教學(xué)測評”，并備有參考答案供教師使用。有些測評題目直接源于歷年高考試卷，更具有說服力和實用性。Part1TeachingDesign第一部分教學(xué)設(shè)計Period1Asamplelessonplanforreading(THEEARTHISBECOMINGWARMER—BUTDOESITMATTER?)IntroductionInthisperiod,afterthewarmingup,studentswillbeguidedtoreadaloudtotherecording,readandunderline,readaloudandtranslate,readandtransforminformation,understanddifficultlanguagepointsandretellthetext.Theclasswillendbystudentstakingaquiz.Three“WarmingUp”designsarepresentedinthisbookforteachers’reference.Computerandoverheadprojectormaybeusedtoaidtheteachingandlearning.Objectives Tohelpstudentslearntoexpressagreementanddisagreement/blameandcomplaintTohelpstudentslearntoreadanexpositionaboutglobalwarmingTohelpstudentsbetterunderstand“theimportanceofprotectingtheearth”TohelpstudentslearntousesomeimportantwordsandexpressionsTohelpstudentsidentifyexamplesof“it”inthetextFocusWordscompare,state,glance,decreaseExpressionscompare…to…,comeabout,quantitiesof,resultin,buildup,keepon,onthewhole,makeadifference,putupwith,solongas,andsoonPatterns…butitcouldbeasmuchas5degreesCelsius.Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer…Somebyproductsofthisprocessarecalled“greenhouse”gases,themostimportantonebeingcarbondioxide.Anincreaseoffivedegreeswouldbeacatastrophe,Iwouldsay.Theseshouldgetyoustartedwithyourproject.Remember—yourcontributioncounts.AidsMultimediafacilities,tape-recorder,photos,diagramsProceduresWarmingup⑴WarmingupbydefiningenergyHello,everyone.What’stheweatherliketoday?Hot?Yes,itishot,becausetheglobeiswarmingupfast.Butwhatleadstoglobalwarming?That’sright.Itistheburningoffossilfuelslikecoal,naturalgasandoiltoproduceenergythatmakestheglobewarmup.Itisenergythatwarmsuptheglobe.Butwhatisenergy?Energyisafundamentalquantitythateveryphysicalsystempossesses;itallowsustopredicthowmuchworkthesystemcouldbemadetodo,orhowmuchheatitcanproduceorabsorb.Inthepast,energywasdiscussedintermsofeasilyobservableeffectsithasonthepropertiesofobjectsorchangesinstateofvarioussystems.Basically,ifsomethingchanges,somesortofenergywasinvolvedinthatchange.⑵WarmingupbylearningaboutformsofenergyHello,weshalltakeUnit4Globewarmingtoday.Theglobeiswarmingupfastbecausemoreandmoreenergyisbeingused.Butwhatarethedifferentformsofenergy?Lightenergy光能Heatenergy熱能Soundenergy聲能Chemicalenergysource化學(xué)能源Nuclearenergy核能Internalenergy內(nèi)能Kineticenergy動能Potentialenergy勢能⑶WarmingupbyreadingandansweringBeforewetakethisnewunit,let’sreadtheinstructiontothemoviesTheDayAfterTomorrow,andtrytoanswerthefollowingquestions:Haveyouseenthemovies?Ifso,howdoyoulikeit?Whatwouldtheworldlooklikeifitlostitsbattleagainstthegreenhouseeffectandglobalwarming？TheDayAfterTomorrow(《后天》)showsaglobaldisasteranddestructionthankstotheweather.Inthemovie,JackHall,aweatherscientist,isthefirstmantorealizethatanewiceageiscoming.Inoneofseveralnaturaldisasters,hissonSambecomestrappedinNewYork’sPublicLibrarywhenatidalwavestrikesthecity.Jackisforcedtofightagainstrapidlydroppingtemperaturesandapackofhungrywolveswhichescapedfromthezoo.Meanwhile,Jackmustthinkofwaystosavehisson,himselfandthewholeworld.Hemustfollowahardpathnorth,aseveryoneelseracessouthtoliveinwarmerclimates.ThisfilmalsobringsadirectattackontherefusaloftheUSgovernmenttoreducegreenhousegasemissions.ItishopedthatTheDayAfterTomorrowmayencourageachangeinthegovernment’sattitudetowardsenvironmentalprotection.2.Pre-readingbytalkingandsharingNowlookatthewordGREENHOUSEGASES.Whatdoesitmean?Greenhousegases(GHG)aregaseouscomponentsoftheatmospherethatcontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Themajornaturalgreenhousegasesarewatervapor,whichcausesabout36-70%ofthegreenhouseeffectonEarth(notincludingclouds);carbondioxide,whichcausesbetween9-26%;andozone,whichcausesbetween3-7%(notethatitisnotreallypossibletoassertthatsuch-and-suchagascausesacertainpercentageoftheGHE,becausetheinfluencesofthevariousgasesarenotadditive.Thehigherendsoftherangesquotedareforthegasalone;thelowerend,forthegascountingoverlaps).Naturallyoccurringgreenhousegasesincludewatervapor,carbondioxide,methane,nitrousoxide,andozone.Certainhumanactivities,however,addtothelevelsofmostofthesenaturallyoccurringgases.

3.Reading⑴ReadingaloudtotherecordingNowpleaselistentoandreadaloudthetexttoitsrecording.Payattentiontothepronunciationofeachwordandthepauseswithineachsentence.Iwillplaythetapetwiceandyou’llreadaloudtwice,too.⑵ReadingandunderliningWordsareimportant.Expressionsaremoreimportant.Sonextyouaretoreadthetextandcircleatthesametimealltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsinthepassage.Copythemtoyournotebookafterschoolashomework.CollocationsfromTHEEARTHISBECOMINGWARMER—BUTDOESITMATTER?riseabove…,sixtenthsofadegreeCelsius,soundmuchto…,becomparedto…,comeabout,explorequestions,thereisnodoubtthat…,fiercedebateover…,causeglobalwarming,anaturalphenomenon,causetheincreasein…,throughtheburningoffossilfuels,produceenergy,warmtheearth,beaboutthirty-threedegreesCelsiuscooler,add…to…,betrappedin…,increasegreatlyover…,makeaccuratemeasurementsof…,resultin…,differentattitudestowards…,risebyseveralmeters,concernabut…,withfewbutbadenvironmentalconsequences,apositivething,growfaster,encourageagreaterrangeof…,buildup,intheatmosphere,reducetheamountof…,keepon~ing⑶ReadingaloudandtranslatingTranslationisausefultoteachingandlearningofEnglish.ItmakesyoubetterunderstandthestructureofEnglish.NextwearegoingtoreadaloudthetextandtranslateitintoChinese.Wemaytranslateitwordforword,sentenceforsentence.⑷ReadingandtransforminginformationTounderstandthemainideaofthetext,wearegoingtoreaditonceagain.Underlinethekeysentenceofeachparagraphatthesametimetodecideonthetypeofwritingandsummaryofthetext.TypeofwritingandsummaryofthetextTypeofwritingThisisapieceofdescriptivewriting.MainideaofthepassageIttellshowtherisingofearth’stemperaturecomesaboutandhowpeopleresponddifferentlytoit.Keyphraseof1stparagraphadebateovercausesofglobalwarmingKeyphraseof2ndparagraphcarbondioxidebeingoneof“greenhouse”gasesKeyphraseof3rdparagraph“greenhouseeffect”causingglobaltemperaturetogoupKeyphraseof4thparagraphlevelsofcarbondioxideupoverthelastcenturyKeyphraseof5thparagraphdifferentattitudestowardsthecausesKeyphraseof6thparagraphwarmingtobeaslowas1todegreesCelsiusorasmuchas5degreesCelsiusKeyphraseof7thparagraphanincreaseoffivedegreesbeingacatastropheKeyphraseof8thparagraphfuturewarmingcausingthesealeveltoriseKeyphraseof9thparagraphwarmingtobemildwithfewbadenvironmentalconsequencesKeyphraseof10thparagraphmorecarbondioxidetobeapositivethingKeyphraseof11thparagraphtheeffectsofglobalwarmingbeinguncertain 5.UnderstandingdifficultlanguagepointsArethereanysentencesorwords,difficulttoyou?Nowdiscusswithyourpartnerthedifficultpoints.Youmayputyouquestionstomeaswell.6.RetellingthetextRetellingcanbemadeeasyifitisdonewiththehelpofthekeysentencesfoundinthetext.Taketurnstoretellthetextingroupsoffour.7.ClosingdownbytakingaquizToendthisperiodandtocheckyourlearningofthistextIamgoingtogiveyouthisquiz.Whatcanwedoaboutglobalwarming?Firstly,governments1_____supportresearch.Forexample,theyshould2_____companiestodevelopvehiclesthat3_____lesspollution.Theyshouldalsosupportalternative4_____ofelectricityfromwind5_____waterratherthanfromoilandcoal.Aswell,6_____shouldsponsorconferencesto7_____theeffectsofgreenhousegasemissionsand8_____solutionstotheproblem.Secondly,theyshould9_____lawsthatlimittheamountofgreenhouse10_____thatcompaniescanemit.Private11_____shouldberewardedforfollowingtheselaws.12_____shouldalsobepunishedforcreatingpollution.Finally,everybody13_____affectedbyglobalwarming.Therefore,itis14_____thatgovernmentsinvolveindividuals15_____theproblemsolvingprocess.For16_____theyshouldencouragehouseholdsto17_____asmuchenergyaspossiblebyusing18_____efficientlightbulbsorlesshot19_____.Theyshouldalsoencouragethepublicto20_____,andthisshouldbecompulsory21_____everyone.Anotherwayofsavingenergyis22_____publictransportsystems.Governmentsshould23_____moneyonpublictransporttomakeitas24_____aspossibleforthepublictosaveenergy.(Keys:1can2encourage3cause4sources5and6they7discuss8possible9make10gases11companies12They13is14important15in16example17save18more19water20recycle21for22by23spend24easy)Answerquestionsaboutglobalwarming.1.Whatisthegreenhouseeffect,andisitaffectingourclimate?Thegreenhouseeffectistheresultofheatgatheringbycertaingasesintheatmosphereandre-radiationdownwardofsomeofthatheat.Withoutanaturalgreenhouseeffect,thetemperatureoftheEarthwouldbeaboutzerodegreesF(-18°C)insteadofitspresent57°F(14°C).2.Areg