2021屆高三英語(yǔ)一輪專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題之定位

閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題之定位提高定位速度的2大技巧細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題占了閱讀理解的三分之二以上。而解答細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題關(guān)鍵是第一步：定位！因?yàn)殚喿x理解中重要的原則之一就是忠于原文。忠于原文指的是每題題干都需要回原文定位，找到相應(yīng)的對(duì)應(yīng)信息才能解題。很多考生解題時(shí)只是粗略地看一遍文章，甚至一口氣讀4道題干，以為自己如有神功，能全部記住。不分析題干內(nèi)容就去匆忙讀原文，這些學(xué)生被稱(chēng)為“印象派”。他們解題的錯(cuò)誤率極高，究其原因就是題干回原文定位不準(zhǔn)。在沒(méi)有搞懂題干內(nèi)容的情況下不對(duì)應(yīng)原文，全憑印象和主觀猜測(cè)解題，效果可想而知。信息定位有以下兩個(gè)常用技巧：一利用題文一致原則定位從近幾年的全國(guó)卷高考試題來(lái)看，題目答案信息處的順序和文章行文順序基本一致，利用題文一致原則，有助于迅速定位原文?！久}規(guī)律】以2019年全國(guó)卷I4篇閱讀理解為例篇章第1題第2題第3題第4題A第5段第8段第10段B第1段第2段第5段全文C第1和2段第2段第4段全文D第1段第2段第4段全文二利用定位詞定位定位詞的選用(1)特殊定位詞在很多題目當(dāng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)人名、地名、數(shù)字、年份和大寫(xiě)字母縮寫(xiě)這五類(lèi)特殊詞。因?yàn)樗鼈兊奶攸c(diǎn)是在一篇多數(shù)是英文小寫(xiě)字母的文章里非常的醒目，所以很快就能夠做到精確定位。[示例1]HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears，Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey'reclosetoasolution(解決方案).“Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers，”saysFlorenceGold，aprojectmanager.33.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.Tosharpenstudents'communicationskills.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.分析：選D。本題可以根據(jù)特殊定位詞HUNCH可以定位到本段的第一句“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.”可知，HUNCH項(xiàng)目的目的是把學(xué)校教育與航天技術(shù)聯(lián)系在一起，故答案為D。(2)普通定位詞普通定位詞與特殊定位詞相比，出現(xiàn)的幾率更高。當(dāng)我們看到題中沒(méi)有特殊定位詞的情況下，要思考的就是在這道似乎沒(méi)有啥重點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)中挑選出最能幫助我們快速找到定位的詞語(yǔ)?？梢援?dāng)做定位詞的首選是名詞，其次是動(dòng)詞。[示例2]InSaveMoney：GoodFood，shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste，whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome，preparingmealsforsons，Sam，14，F(xiàn)inn，13，andJack，11.25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.Heassistsherincookingmatters.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.分析：選C。由于比較醒目人名MattTebbutt和Susanna在文中出現(xiàn)多次,所以不能作為定位詞。本題可以利用題干中的動(dòng)詞help來(lái)定位，從而找到原文信息“withthehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste”。挑選定位詞的注意點(diǎn)(1)文章中的高頻詞不能作為定位詞定位詞的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)就是可以縮小閱讀范圍，如果我們定位了一個(gè)在文章中處處可能出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)，那就失去了定位的意義。（2）定位詞和文中詞有可能是詞義轉(zhuǎn)換在實(shí)際做題過(guò)程中還要注意，不是所有的題目都可以用定位詞來(lái)定位的。而且如果是遇到細(xì)節(jié)信息定位題，很多時(shí)候定位詞的作用被削弱了，因?yàn)轭}目中的詞和文中的詞會(huì)以同義詞替換的形式出現(xiàn)。所以建議考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位詞，另外一方面要提高自己的閱讀詞匯量，尤其是同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換，這樣才能一擊必中，快速找到答案出現(xiàn)的地方解決問(wèn)題。[示例1]CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington，D.C.Duration：3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington，D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear!21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington，D.C.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington，D.C.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.分析：選A。本題可以用同義詞定位：bookinadvance=reserve“預(yù)約”。根據(jù)第一條自行車(chē)旅行路線中的“Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms一disappear!”可知，選擇這條自行車(chē)旅行路線需要提前預(yù)訂。課后練習(xí)（一）Whenwasthelasttimeyoutoldsomeonetheyinspireyoutogotoworkeachmorning?TeachersatOakParkHighSchoolinKansasCity,Missouri,didjustthatthisSeptember,whentheypulledindividualstudentsoutofclasstotellthemjusthowmuchtheyappreciatedthem.Thestudents'reactions,whichwerecaptured（捕捉）onvideoandsharedonYouTuberangedfromshythankstohugsandtears.“Ihavebeenchallengedtofindastudentwhomakesmewanttocometoschooleveryday,”saysoneteacherinthevideo,“andthat'syou.”JamieMcSparin,ateacherinchargeoftheschool'sacademyprogramforat-risksophomores（二年級(jí)學(xué)生）andjuniors.posedthechallenge,writesABCNews.“Initiallywhenwepulledthekidsout,theyallthoughttheywereintrouble,”McSparintold

ABCNews."Anyteacher-studentinteraction（互動(dòng)）alwaysseemstobenegative,andthatwassomethingthatbotheredme,too.Nomatterifthey'reagoodkidoratroublemakeroranything,theyalwaysthoughttheywereintrouble,”shesays.McSparinsaysshegottheideafortheprojectafterattendingaprofessionaldevelopmentworkshopthissummercalled“thepowerofpositivity”.“Iliketheideaoflettingstudentsknowtheyareappreciated,becausewedoappreciatethem.Ijustdon'tthinkwesayitenough,”shetoldlocalnews.It'ssafetosaythechallengewaseffective.“Ifeelspecial,”saidoneoftheboysinthevideo.“Youshould,”saidhisteacher.“Youarespecial.”Whatdoestheunderlinedword“posed”inParagraph5mean?Presented.B.Rejected.C.Ignored.D.Evaluated.Howdidthestudentsprobablyfeelwhenpulledoutoftheclassroomatfirst?Nervous.B.Thrilled.C.Curious.D.Encouraged.WhatinspiredMcSparintochallengetheproject?Thetroublecausedbystudents.Theneedofshootingthevideo.Aseminarnamed“thepowerofpositivity”.Aprogramrelatedtostudents'interactions.Whatmessagedoesthistextmainlyconvey?Challengeisunavoidableinlife.Everyoneneedstobeappreciated.Positivityoutweighsnegativity.Newsmediacontributetostudents'progress.參考答案：AACB課后練習(xí)課后練習(xí)TheflowersarebloomingandthebirdsaresingingasMelindasitsintherosegardenofthenursinghome.Sheisrecallingoldtimesasshewaitsforherfamily'sarrival.ThenursinghomehasbeenMelinda'snewsettlementeversinceThomaspassedawayaweekago.Thomashadfoughtalongandhardbattleagainstlungcancerforthreeyears.Unfortunately,hehasbrokenthepromisethatheandMelindahadmade:tobewitheachotherforeverybirthday.MelindaknewthiswasunrealisticbutagreedtothepromiseforThomas'ssake.“Thomas,youarecompletelyadreamer.”MelindashoutedtoThomasashedraggedonaboutlivingonanislandwithhisbeautifulwife.That'swhatshelovedabouthimmost—hehadavividimagination.Theygotmarriedatageeighteenandbeganhavingchildrenrightaway.Marycamewithintheyear,followedbyThomasBenjaminII,Lilly-Ann,andJoseph“LittleJoey"George.Thefamilylivedanexultantlifefilledwithlaughterandlove.“Mom!”Lillyshouted,butitreallysoundedlikeahowl.Melindahadlostherselfinthinkingaboutthelifeshehadsharedwithherlatehusband.Lillypushedherdownthelongdarkhallsofthenursinghomeuntiltheyarrivedattherecreationalroom.Whenthedoorsopened,Melindaputherhandoverhermouthandwascompletelyspeechless.Theroomwascrowdedwiththepeoplenearestanddearesttoherandthewarmthandlovewasfeltinstantly.Thenightwenton;storiesandcocktailsweresharedandeverythingwasperfect.However,whenMelind