高中英語人教版1Greatscientists 課時作業(yè)

課時作業(yè)(二)Unit1GreatscientistsSectionⅢLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage(本欄目內(nèi)容，在學(xué)生用書中以獨立形式分冊裝訂！)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner，andwithhiswork________(finish)，hegladlyacceptedit.答案：finished2．LittleTomgot________(blame)forbreakingtheglasswhenhewasdrinking.答案：blamed3．—MrSmithisverystrict________hisstudents，isn’the?—Yes，heisstrict________hisworkaswell.答案：with；in4．Toeveryone’ssurprise，thehometeamwas________(defeat)bythreegoalstoone.答案：defeated5．TherearefourundergroundlinesinBeijingandseverallinesare________construction.答案：under6．Theyaredeterminedtomake________(contribute)topublicsafety.答案：contributions7．Therehavebeenseveral________(move)forreformoverthelastcentury.答案：movements8．His________(enthusiastic)formusichasstayedstrongthroughouthis20yearsinradio.答案：enthusiasm9．She’svery________(create)—shewritespoetryandpaints.答案：creative10．Veryfewofthoseinterviewedspoke________(positive)abouttheirchildhood.答案：positivelyⅡ.完成句子1．We________________________oursmallmistakemayleadtoaseriousaccident.對于工作，我們怎么謹(jǐn)慎都不過分。任何小的失誤都可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的事故。答案：cannotbetoocautiousabout2．Toimprovegradescores，teachers________________________thestudents.為了提高學(xué)習(xí)成績，老師必須嚴(yán)格要求學(xué)生。答案：mustbestrictwith3．________________________，theyreachedthetopofMountainTai.他們到達泰山之巔，雖然疲勞但是興奮。答案：Tiredbutexcited4．Thecompany________________________theHopeProjectsincelastyear.這家公司自從去年以來給希望工程捐了很多錢。答案：hascontributedalotofmoneyto5．ItwasthelanguagethathelpedshapethewayIsawthings，expressedideas，and________________________.正是這種語言影響了我看待事物、表達觀點和了解世界的方式。答案：madesenseoftheworld6．Ittookmorethanbuildingtookbrains，too.建造這些房屋不僅需要建筑材料，也需要大腦。答案：toconstructthesehouses7．With________________________theportrait，hismotherwasdeepinthought.凝視著畫像，他的媽媽陷入沉思。答案：hereyesfixedon8．Onlywhenheseesthepainting________________________whetherthepaintingisworthbuying.只有當(dāng)他看了這幅畫后，才決定是否值得買這畫。答案：canhedecideⅢ.閱讀理解Onesummernightin1900，areporterappearedatthedoorofThomasEdison’slaboratoryaskingforannightguardwouldn’tadmithim，eventhoughEdisonwasstillatworkreporter，RemsenCrawford，saidheneededtogetEdison’sreactiontothenewsthatsevenofhisinventions“wouldbecomeavailabletothepublic”whentheirpatents(專利)ranoutatmidnight.TheguardpassedontherequesttoEdison，whoreplied：“GothatfellowthatIsayMrEdisonhasneverusedhisinventionsaloneandneverexpectstointhistheendingofapatenthasnoeffectuponthewealthofaninventor.”HearingEdison’sresponse，Crawfordwroteanothernote：“Whatdoyoumeanby‘neverusedalone’？Mustseeyou.”FinallythegreatinventoradmittedCrawfordandgavehimthisstatement：“Inthiscountryaninventorcan’tstoppeoplecopyinghismomentheinventssomething，there’llbepiratesrisinguponallsidesandcallingittheirown.”Thirtyyearslater，CrawfordwasbackatEdison’slaboratory，againaskingaboutpatentsandthemoneyhegotfromaskedhim，“Youhaveinventedmanythings，includingtheelectricaren’tyoutherichestmanintheworldtoday？”Edison’sreply：“Nearly$10,000,000,000，theytellme，isinvestedinmodernindustrieswhichdevelopedfromideasincludedinmyinventionsandmybillionorsodollarsmaybetheannualtotalincometoworkersinfieldsconnectedwithmyinventionsandI’vemadeverylittleprofitfrommymylifetimeI’vetakenout1180patentssopatentshavecostmemorethanthey’vereturned’vemademoneythroughtheintroductionandsaleofmyproductsasamaker，notasaninventor.”Edisonwasoneofthefewfortunateinventorswhoknewthatgreatengineering，onitsown，earnedsuccessofanytechnologyliesinitsbusinessmodelandtheprotectionofits，Edisonsaid，theUShada“poorsystem”forprotectinginventions.語篇解讀本文是記敘文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于愛迪生的鮮為人知的故事。為什么這位偉大的發(fā)明家一生發(fā)明無數(shù)，卻沒有因此而成為世界上最富裕的人？1．AccordingtoParagraph1，CrawfordvisitedEdisonto________.A．informhimofthenewsB．seehowhardEdisonworkedC．knowwhatEdisonwasinventingD．findoutEdison’sresponsetothenews解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的RemsenCrawford，saidheneededtogetEdison’sreactiontothenews...可知，他深夜拜訪愛迪生是想了解愛迪生對于自己的七項發(fā)明專利權(quán)到期的反應(yīng)，故選D項。答案：D2．WhatwasEdison’sattitudetowardtheendingofhispatents?A．Happy. B．Annoyed.C．Indifferent. D．Worried.解析：推理判斷題。從第二段的hasneverusedhisinventionsalone以及theendingofapatenthasnoeffectuponthewealthofaninventor可知，這個消息對于愛迪生來說無關(guān)緊要。答案：C3．ItisimpliedinthetextthatinEdison’stime________.A．AmericahadnopatentprotectionlawsB．hisinventionswerenothighlyvaluedC．patentsbenefitedinventorslittleD．a(chǎn)pplyingforpatentswascostly解析：推理判斷題。由第四段中Themomentheinventssomething，there’llbepiratesrisinguponallsidesandcallingittheirown以及最后一段中的theUShada“poorsystem”forprotectinginventions可知C項正確。答案：C4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．EdisonandhispatentsB．Edison，thegreatestinventorC．ThepatentsysteminAmericaD．Edison’swayofmakingmoney解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了愛迪生鮮為人知的故事，即他的一千多個專利為什么沒有讓他成為世界上最富有的人，因此A項很好地概括了文章內(nèi)容。答案：ALewisHowardLatimerwasanAfrican-AmericanscientistwhomademanyimportantscientificwasborninChelsea，Massachusetts，in1848，toparentswhowereescapedtheageof15，hejoinedtheUnionnavyduringtheCivilWar.Afterhismilitaryservicein1865，Latimerwasemployedasanofficeboyatthepatentattorneyoffice(專利代理事務(wù)所)ofCrosbyandGouldinBoston，wherehelearnedmechanical1876，LatimerwashiredbyAlexanderGrahamBelltocreatethedrawingsnecessaryforapatentapplicationforBell’snewinvention，thecompletedthesedrawingsandrushedthemtothepatentoffice，wheretheyarrivedonlyafewhoursbeforethedrawingsofa，Bellsecuredthepatentforthetelephone.WhileworkingfortheUSElectricLightingCompany，Latimerandhisemployerslookedforawaytoimproveupontheincandescentlightbulb(白熾燈)thatwasbeingmarketedbyThomas’slightbulbslastedonlyafewinventingacardboardenvelopethatsurroundedthecarbonfilament(碳質(zhì)燈絲)inthelightbulb，Latimerwasabletomakelightbulbslongerlastingandlessaresult，manycitiessawelectricallightingasabetterandcleanerwaytolighttheirstreetsandlikeNewYork，London，Montreal，andPhiladelphiasetupthiskindoflighting，andLatimerwassentouttoplanandbuildthelightingsystems.In1890，LatimerwashiredbyThomasEdisonattheEdisonElectricLighthemademoreimportantdiscoveriesandwroteawell-knownwastheonlyAfrican-AmericanmemberoftheEdisonPioneers，agroupofmenwhopracticallycreatedtheelectricinventedabathroomcompartment(車廂)fortrains，alockingrack(行李架)forhats，coatsandumbrellas，andanewimprovedbookholderfordiedin1928.語篇解讀本文是一篇人物傳記，介紹了美國著名非洲裔發(fā)明家拉蒂默。5．AccordingtoParagraph2，Latimer________.A．helpedBelldesignthetelephoneB．madecertainBellsecuredhispatentC．wastherealinventorofthetelephoneD．hadworkedforBell’scompetitor解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，拉蒂默及時為貝爾的電話完成了制圖，從而確保貝爾申請到了電話的發(fā)明專利。答案：B6．WeknowfromParagraph3thatLatimer________.A．madelightbulbsmuchsaferB．inventednewstreetlampsC．helpedEdisonwithhisinventionsD．improvedonEdison’slightbulbs解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Latimer...toimproveupontheincandescentlightbulbthatwasbeingmarketedbyThomasEdison可知，拉蒂默改進了愛迪生的電燈。答案：D7．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Latimer’simportantachievementsinscience.B．HowLatimerbecameamemberofEdisonPioneers.C．ThewideinfluenceofThomasEdison.D．HowEdisonhelpedLatimerwithhiswork.解析：段落大意題。作者在最后一段主要介紹了拉蒂默的科技成就，A項符合該大意。答案：A8．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutLatimer?A．Hehadservedformilitaryforfiveyears.B．Heinventedumbrellasandbookshelves.C．Hisparentshadbeenslaves.D．Hediedatthe