一般現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

Welcome現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)PresentPerfectTense

用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去,但影響到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。構(gòu)成:have/has+

過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

PresentPerfectTensehas/have+pastparticipleIhavebeen

toJapan.Wehaveknowneachother.Hehasfoundhisbook.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞work

visitaskplaystayworked

visitedasked

played

stayedliked

lived

movedlike

livemovecarried

worriedtriedcriedcarryworrytrycrystopdroprobplanpreferstopped

dropped

robbed

planned

preferred三式相同不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞costcuthithurtsetputshutreadbringbuythinkteachcatchbroughtboughtthoughttaughtcaughtbrought

boughtthoughttaughtcaughtfeelleavetellsellsaylayfeltlefttoldsoldsaid

laidfelt

lefttoldsoldsaid

laidbeginfallflyforgettakewearwritecomebecomeruncamebecamerancomebecomerunbeganfellflewforgottook

worewrotebegunfallenflownforgotten

taken

wornwrittenFormsofthepresentperfect

Statement：have/has+p.p.Negative：have/hasnot+p.p.Question:

Have/Has+sub.+p.p...?----Haveyouseenthefilm?----Yes,I

.----No,I

.e.g.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.否定句：I

myhomework.一般疑問句：

you

homework?肯定回答：Yes,I

.否定回答：No,I

.

haven’tfinishedHavefinishedyourhavehaven’thavehaven't肯定：Shehasseenthefilm.

否定：

Shehasn't(hasnot)seenthefilm.

疑問：----

she

thefilm?----Yes,she

.----No,she

.

e.g.Shehasfinishedherhomework.否定句：She

herhomework.一般疑問句：

she

herhomework?肯定回答：Yes,she

.否定回答：No,she

.hashasn'thasn’tfinishedHasfinishedhashasn’tHasseen

Time

yesterday

Hehurthisfingeryesterday.He

hashurthisfinger.SimplePastPresentPerfectTime??????hurtTime

thismorning

Hefoundhiscatthismorning.He

hasfound

hiscat.SimplePastPresentPerfectTime??????findthethief/takeawaymymoney(lastnight)(take—taken)he/catchabigfish(thismorning)(catch—caught)mother/washdishes(at6:00)(wash---washed)Time

SimplePastPresentPerfectTimeyesterday/lastweek/in1976/justnow/whenIcamein…/twodaysago

never/ever/yet/already/before/just/lately/sofar/recently/thesedays/sincetwodayago1.already(已經(jīng)）

(not)yet(還沒有…）

…yet?(…已經(jīng)…嗎？）；

2.

never(從不）,ever（曾經(jīng)）3.just（剛剛）

before(從前，以前）4.recently/lately（近來/最近）,

inthelast/pastfew(days/weeks/months/years)

在最近的幾…5.thesedays/weeks/months（這些…來）6.sofar=uptonow（迄今為止，到目前為止）7.for+一段時(shí)間8.since+過去的時(shí)間

(自從…到現(xiàn)在）Shehasalreadycome.Ihavemethimbefore.Sofar,nomanhastraveledfartherthanthemoon.Ihaven’tfinishedmyworkyet.Hehasjusthaddinner.HaveyoueverbeentoParis?“already”和“(not)yet”

在疑問句中、否定句中“already”必須換成“yet”。e.g.肯定句：Hehas

finishedhishomework.疑問句：Hashefinishedhishomework

?否定句：Hehasn’tfinishedhishomework

?或：Hehasn’t

finishedhishomework.

“have/has

just+done

sth”和“did

sth+justnow”

---Thestudents

just

(take)theMid-termexams.---I

(meet)afriendonthestreetjustnow.alreadyyetyetyet“alreadyoryet”?havemettakenA:______you______thefilmHarryPotter?B:Yes,I______.Itisveryinteresting.A:When______you______it?B:I______itsixyearsago(in2000).A:Where______you______it？B:I______itattheNanguoCinema.HaveseenhavedidseesawdidseesawPractice（操練）:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（1）1.We

already

(buy)alotofthings.2.

youever

(be)totheGreatWall?3.They

(not,see)thefilmyet.4.He

just

(finish)hishomework.5.I

never

(hear)suchawonderfulstorybefore.6.Recently

I

(read)anewbook.7.

you

(win)anyracesinthepastfewyears.8.Shanghai

(develop)fastinthelastfewyears.9.Thestudents

(learn)overtwounitssofar.haveboughthave

heardhavereadHave

won

hasdevelopedhavelearntHavebeenhasfinishedhaven’tseenbuybeseefinishhearreadwindeveloplearnboughtbeenseenfinishedheardreadwondevelopedlearnt

since/for

since說明動(dòng)作的起始時(shí)間，它和表示過去某一時(shí)刻的詞或詞組連用如：sincetwoyearsago;sincehecametoChinafor說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)間長度。它和表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用。fortwoyearsIhavelivedherefor

twentyyears.

Myaunthasworkedtheresince

1949.在過去某時(shí)候開始的并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

…for+一段時(shí)間;

...since+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)/過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞;

Howlonghaveyou...?

1.Diana

(be)inShanghaiforthreedays.2.I

(not,see)youfor

alongtime.3.I

(study)Englishfor

sixyears.4.Greatchanges

(take)placeinShanghaisince

1983.5.HarryPotter

(live)inaverysmallroomsincehisparentsdied.6.---How

long

you

(work)here?---I

hereforanhour.has

beenhaven’tseenhavestudiedhavetakenhaslivedhaveworkedhaveworkedSince的用法

a.

since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980,lastmonth/halfpastsix)。

Ihavebeenheresince1989.b.

since+一段時(shí)間+ago

Ihavebeenheresincetwodaysago.c.

since

+從句

Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.

Shehaschangedalotsincewegothere.

d.

Itis+一段時(shí)間+since從句

Itis

twoyearssinceIbecameagraduate.Itis=Ithasbeena.

since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)b.

since+一段時(shí)間+agoc.

since

+從句d.

Itis+一段時(shí)間+since從句Ihavebeenheresince1989.=Ihavebeenheresince17yearsago.=Itis17yearssinceIcamehere.=Ihavebeenherefor17years.Itis

twoyearssinceIbecameagraduate.=Ihavebeenagraduatefortwoyears.=Ihavebeenagraduatesincetwoyearsago.=Ihavebeenagraduatesince2004.have/hasgoneto(Beijing)

have/hasbeento(Beijing)

have/hasbeenin(Beijing)have/has

goneto...“（某人）正在前往（某地）的途中”或“剛剛到達(dá)某地”，所以，他/她現(xiàn)在“不在說話現(xiàn)場”,或“還沒有回來”，你在教室里尋找Bob，但Bob不在，你就問Jack：----(You):WhereisBob,Jack?----(Jack):Oh,he

theschoollibrary.

（在途中或剛到達(dá)）

（曾去過但已返回）（去了并留在那里）hasgoneto"have/hasbeen

to..."（某人）曾經(jīng)去/到過（某地），但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)返回(=isbacknow)說話地。（半小時(shí)后，Bob在圖書館借好了雜志回到教室，你看到手里拿著新雜志的剛回來Bob，你問Bob：）(You):---Where

you

,Bob?(Bob):---Oh,I

theschoollibrary.havebeenhavebeentohave/hasbeenin(Beijing)Linda兩星期前去了北京旅游，到今天還沒有回來，所以“她在北京已經(jīng)呆了兩周了。”，我們說：Linda

Beijingfortwoweeks.Or:Linda

Beijingsincetwoweeksago.

hasbeen/stayedin

hasbeen/stayedin用been/goneto

填空：1．WhereisBetty?She______________Japan.2．MissZhao_____________toBeijing.Sosheisnothere.She__________________thereseveraltimes.3．Ourmonitor__________________thelibrary.Hewillbebackinfiveminutes.4．Where______you______?We_______________HappyValley.hasgonetohasgonehasbeenhasgonetohavebeenhavebeento“瞬間動(dòng)詞(也叫‘短暫動(dòng)詞’)”和“延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞”1、瞬間動(dòng)詞：從“開始發(fā)生”到“結(jié)束/終止”：

幾乎同時(shí)或在極短的時(shí)間里（如‘幾秒鐘/幾分鐘內(nèi)’）就完成了“開始—結(jié)束”的過程，如“Closethedoor”,“Openthedoor”

有些瞬間動(dòng)詞的“開始—結(jié)束的過程”可能稍微長一些，但也不會(huì)很長的，如,“buysth（買下）”：付了款、拿了發(fā)票即完成了。所以，“我買了這塊手表5年了”，在漢語中說的通，但英語的表達(dá)就不能說：

Ihaveboughtthewatchforfiveyears.buysth----havesth(擁有)---have/has+had

sth

for…A:I

havehad

thewatchfor5years.B:Itis(hasbeen)fiveyearssinceIboughtthewatch.C:Iboughtit5yearsago.

“瞬間動(dòng)詞(也叫‘短暫動(dòng)詞’)”和“延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞”同理，“borrow

sth”“借書”在辦理了相關(guān)的‘登記’手續(xù)后就結(jié)束了，不可能“借”幾個(gè)星期或好幾年的！漢語“這本書我已經(jīng)借用了2星期了。”的意思是：“我兩周前（borrowedit），（在歸還前）現(xiàn)在它還在我手里（IstillhaveitorI’mstillreadingit.）

RightorWrong?A:Ihaveborrowedthebookfortwoweeks.B:Ihavehad/keptitfortwoweeks.C:It’s2weekssinceIborrowedit.D:Iborrowedit2weeksago.

(Wrong)(Right)(Right)(Right)常見的“瞬間”動(dòng)詞→“延續(xù)性”動(dòng)詞

→

“be+adj.”狀態(tài)短語

瞬間動(dòng)詞“延續(xù)性”動(dòng)詞或“be+adj.”狀態(tài)短語begin/start

beondie

bedeadarrive/get/reachstay/

bein/at…/behere/thereputon

wearjoin

bein/beamemberof…open/closebeopen/beclosedborrowkeepleavebeaway(from)catch(acold)have(acold)borrow----join----arrive\get\reach----leave–buy–open–die----close–getup–keepbeinbein/at/staybeupbeawayhavebeopenbedeadbeclosedPractice:瞬間動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、狀態(tài)句型轉(zhuǎn)化練習(xí)（1）：1、你來晚了，電影已放了10分鐘了。A:Youarelate.Thefilm

for10minutes.B:Youarelate.It

tenminutessincethefilm

.C:Youarelate.Thefilm

10minutes

.2、我叔叔當(dāng)兵已經(jīng)有2年了。A:Myuncle

thearmyfor2years.B:It

2years

myunclejoinedthearmy.C:Myuncle

thearmy2yearsago.3、Linda已經(jīng)感冒4、5天了。A:Linda

acold

4to5days.B:It