高考英語完形填空知識點詳解文檔

完形填空命題趨勢：高考完形填空題是一種旨在測試考生英語綜合語言能力的填空補缺式障礙性閱讀題。它以語篇信息為基礎(chǔ)，以中心脈絡(luò)為主線，通過多層面反復式的信息暗示和縱橫向立體式的信息照應(yīng)，給考生提供足夠的解題信息。完形填空綜合考查考生的英語基礎(chǔ)知識和語言運用能力，包括詞匯辨析能力、閱讀理解能力、分析判斷能力、邏輯推理能力和跨文化交際能力，因此完形填空題是一種集知識和能力為一體，立意新、要求高的綜合性語言測試題，同時也是高考試題中要求最高、難度最大的一種題型。高考完形填空題的命題會繼續(xù)堅持“考查語境，突出語篇，注重實詞”的命題原則，繼續(xù)加大對實詞意義辨析的考查力度，并突出考查考生的分析判斷能力、連貫性思維能力和對語境的把握能力。選材以記敘文和夾敘夾議文為主，力求主題明確、線索清晰、情節(jié)完整。難易度會基本保持穩(wěn)定。備考策略點睛五大高效解題步驟細讀首句，預(yù)測主題：完形填空題所選短文的第一句往往是全文的關(guān)鍵句，通常為主題句，是文章的“窗口”，通過它可以大致了解文章的大意與作者的寫作意圖。細讀首句，正確理解首句是解題的關(guān)鍵，所以，要細心閱讀首句，客觀分析、理性思索，以期挖掘出更多有用的潛在信息，為后面的解題打下堅實的基礎(chǔ)。跳讀全文，領(lǐng)會大意：要學會跳讀技巧。借助首尾句所給啟示，捕捉文中關(guān)鍵詞的詞義信息，跳過空格，快速把短文從頭到尾通讀一遍，了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)、情節(jié)發(fā)展、前因后果、論點論據(jù)等，為下一步選擇答案做好準備。若一開始就忙于填空，勢必無法掌握文章的中心，造成顧此失彼、錯誤百出的后果。通讀全文，試選答案：根據(jù)大意，以全文為背景，以上下文為依托，初步完成空格的填充。試填答案時，一定要注意在語境理解上下功夫，要抓住上下文的內(nèi)容聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系，進行多角度、全方位的分析。可先讀所要填詞的句子，復讀上一句，兼顧下一句，做到“瞻前顧后”。在閱讀全文時，不要忽略連接詞、代詞、插入語等的作用，因為它們往往是改變語境的關(guān)鍵詞，具有因果、讓步、遞進、轉(zhuǎn)折、指代、列舉或承上啟下的特殊功能。細讀全文，推敲難題：有些空格在初步填充時就可以確定，可部分空格的答案還不明朗。題做到這一步，我們已將短文中被挖去的詞“復位”了一些，對語境的了解也更清晰、更準確了。下一步就要充分利用這一點，聯(lián)系上下文，運用邏輯推理，結(jié)合語境、常識和已選答案所提供的信息，對候選項再次進行推敲，選出最佳選項。復讀全文，調(diào)整答案：在完成空格的填充后，要把全文再通覽一遍，仔細檢查所選答案，能否自然地融入語篇，能否使文意上下連貫、前后照應(yīng)、邏輯順暢。既要檢查語境、語法、慣用法的正確性，也要考慮內(nèi)容和邏輯的合理性。對感覺有問題的地方，要仔細揣摩，準確定奪。八大實用解題技巧：技巧一：利用首句信息，推測語篇主旨。完形填空題通常首句不設(shè)空，目的是讓考生迅速進入主題，熟悉語言環(huán)境。首句通常是文章的主題句，對理解全文和解題有很有幫助。Childrenfindmeaningsintheiroldfamilytales...ThetookonanewmeaningrecentlywhenMr.Guyerdownsizedtoasmallhousefromamoreexpensiveandcomfortableone.A.taleB.agreementC.arrangementD.report技巧二：尋找暗示信息，重視語境意義。完形填空題主要考查考生對語境的理解，設(shè)空處的前后多有暗示（后文暗示前文的居多）。所以做題時要從全局來把握，進行連貫性思維，把前后文的意思聯(lián)系起來理解，這樣有助于正確、快速地解題。如：Hewasamazedbytheofjobsthatpeoplefoundforhimtodo.Hetookdogsandbabiesforwalks,clearedoutcupboards,andmendedbooks.A.similarityB.qualityC.suitabilityD.varietyIliftedthelidandtomysurprisesawnothing.IlookedatDavid'ssmilingfaceandbackintotheboxandsaid,"Theboxisnice,David,butit's."A.cheapB.emptyC.uselessD.improper技巧三：識別語篇標志，理清邏輯關(guān)系。語篇一般指比句子長的語言單位，如句群、段落、篇章等。語篇與語篇之間往往有表明其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞語，這些詞語被稱為“語篇標志語”。如表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的語篇標志語有firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally等；表示因果關(guān)系的有：thus,therefore,so,consequently等；表示改變話題的有：bytheway等；表示遞進關(guān)系的有besides,what'smore,further等；表示時間關(guān)系的有before,sofar,yet,meanwhile,later等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的有but,while,ontheotherhand,although等。做題時，如果能充分利用這些語篇標志語，就可以迅速理清文章脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文的關(guān)系。如：Itookherarm.Shemadealittlesoundofalarmaswesteppedon,butsheslightlyasthestairsmovedusdownward.A.frightenedB.worriedC.releasedD.relaxed技巧四：利用原詞復現(xiàn)，尋找近義詞語。完形填空中，常會有某一詞語在語篇中重復出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象。詞語復現(xiàn)使語篇中的句子相互銜接和連貫，從而構(gòu)成一個意義完整的有機整體。在閱讀文章的過程中，有時也會出現(xiàn)一些與選項意義緊密相連的同義詞或近義詞。要學會充分利用這些詞所提供的有效信息進行合理的推測和判斷，選出正確答案。如："Themerchantisdead,"thearticleread."Dr.AlfredNobel,whobecamerichbyfindingwaystokillmorepeoplefasterthaneverbefore,diedyesterday."Nobelwasupsettofindoutnotthathehaddied,butthat,whenhistimewasup,hewouldbethoughtofonlyasonewhoprofitedfromanddestruction.A.deathB.diseaseC.troubleD.attackThefirsttimeIremembernoticingthecrossingguardwaswhenhewavedtomeasIdrovemysontoschool.Hepresentedmewithapuzzle-becausehewavedtomelikesomeonedoesonseeingaclosefriend...Thenonedaythewassolved...A.argumentB.disagreementC.mysteryD.task技巧五：巧用背景常識，簡化判斷過程。完形填空題作為獨立的語篇，以其自身的內(nèi)容提供完整的語篇信息，其中有時滲透著相關(guān)的如文化科學、歷史地理、風俗民情等方面的知識。考生在做題時，若能積極調(diào)動自己的文化背景知識和生活常識，特別是有關(guān)中西方文化差異的知識，并巧妙地加以運用，將會大大簡化復雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時間，順利地沿作者的思路閱讀下去。WhenweeatingatthatcafeinBondiandapersonwhohadhishamburgerdidn'thaveenoughmoneytopayforit,withoutanhesitation,youwentoverandputtheextra＄2intohishand.A.orderedB.bookedC.offeredD.bought技巧六：注重習慣用語，熟記常見句型。答題時，對習慣用法、固定搭配和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的分析可以幫助我們找出正確選項。要注意平時積累一些常用的固定搭配和習慣用法，并且學會靈活運用。常見句型的掌握也很重要，經(jīng)過反復使用的刺激后，大腦會對常見句型形成思維定勢，這對確定題目答案很有幫助。如：Igot.Thesignswerethereforthedogtosee.Ifyouwanttolearnthemeaningoffaith,getdowntoachild'slevel.OneweeklaterGracecamehome.Amazing!A.thisB.thoseC.theseD.itHeknewthathisfriendsallhadbicycles.Itwashardtohangaroundwithpeoplewhenyouweretheonlyonewithoutwheels.Hethoughtaboutwhathecoulddo.Therewasnoaskinghisparents,forheknewtheyhadnomoneytospare.A.pointB.reasonC.resultD.right技巧七：利用語法分析，確定考查知識。即通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)來確定考查的語法項目，進而確定題目答案。如：Myco-workersandIspentmostofthedaydryingoff.Whenitwas5:00pm,Iwasreadytogohome.IwasabouttoturnoffmycomputerIreceivedanemailfromGarth...A.whileB.whenC.whereD.afterBasedonmyexperiencesinpoverty-strickenareas,Isuggestedthattheemotionswehadwerepainful,theycouldalsobeimportantinhelpingustomoveforward.A.onceB.whileC.sinceD.unless技巧八：巧用排除方法，縮小選擇范圍。有時我們會遇到這樣的情況，對正確選項的含義、用法不甚明白，但發(fā)現(xiàn)其他選項明顯有誤。這時可以嘗試采用排除法。所謂排除法就是對選項逐一檢查、驗證，發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤的立即剔除。隨著選擇范圍的縮小，選中正確選項的幾率逐漸增大。Hekeptsneezing（打噴嚏）andhisnosewasrunning......Fortwodayshewasbyhismother.Asherestedmore,hisdefensestrengthenedandIbegantofeelthepressure.A.protectedB.nursedC.scoldedD.affected分類練習記敘文：記敘文往往有較強的趣味性，其情節(jié)跌宕起伏，結(jié)構(gòu)輕松活潑，所述情感細膩豐富，首句常交代when,where,who,what等。高考完形填空在選擇記敘文時，傾向于記敘具有特殊品質(zhì)的人物故事，注重短文本身的教育意義與情節(jié)的曲折變化。在答題過程中，除了要把握關(guān)聯(lián)詞語外，還要把握文章的語氣及文章對動作、場景等的描寫，以期與作者達成共鳴。EventhoughitwasonlyOctober,mystudentswerealreadywhisperingaboutChristmasplans.Witheachpassingdayeveryonebecamemore1waitingforthefinalschoolbell.Uponits2everyonewouldrunfortheircoatsandgohome,everyoneexceptDavid.Davidwasasmallboyinraggedclothes.Ihadoften3whatkindofhomelifeDavidhad,andwhatkindofmothercouldsendhersontoschooldressedso4forthecoldwintermonths,withoutacoat,boots,orgloves.ButsomethingmadeDavid5.Icanstillrememberhewasalways6asmileandwillingtohelp.Healways7afterschooltostraightenchairsandmopthefloor.Wenevertalkedmuch.He8justsimplysmileandaskwhatelsehecoulddo,thenthankmeforlettinghimstayandslowly9home.Weekspassedandthe10overthecomingChristmasgrewintorestlessnessuntilthelastdayof11beforetheholidaybreak.Ismiledin12asthelastofthemhurriedoutthedoor.TurningaroundIsawDavid13standingbymydesk."Ihavesomethingforyou,"hesaidand14frombehindhisbackasmallbox15ittome,hesaidanxiously,"Openit."Itooktheboxfromhim,thankedhimandslowlyunwrappedit.Iliftedthelidandtomy16sawnothing.IlookedatDavid'ssmilingfaceandbackintotheboxandsaid,"Theboxisnice,David,butit's17.""Ohnoitisn't,"saidDavid."It'sfulloflove.Mymumtoldmebeforeshediedthatlovewassomethingyoucouldn'tseeortouchunlessyouknowit'sthere."Tearsfilledmyeyes18IlookedattheprouddirtyfacethatIhadrarelygiven19to.AfterthatChristmas,DavidandIbecamegoodfriendsandIneverforgotthemeaning20thelittleemptyboxsetonmydesk.1.A.anxiousB.courageousC.seriousD.cautious2.A.warningB.ringingC.callingD.yelling3.A.scoldedB.wonderedC.realizedD.learned4.A.modestlyB.naturallyC.inaccuratelyD.inappropriately5.A.popularB.upsetC.specialD.funny6.A.expressingB.deliveringC.wearingD.sharing7.A.practisedB.wanderedC.studiedD.stayed8.A.wouldB.shouldC.mightD.could9.A.aimatB.turntoC.putoffD.headfor10.A.argumentB.excitementC.movementD.judgment11.A.schoolB.yearC.educationD.program12.A.reliefB.returnC.vainD.control13.A.weaklyB.sadlyC.quietlyD.helplessly14.A.searchedB.foundC.raisedD.pulled15.A.holdingB.handingC.sendingD.leavingA.delightB.expectationC.appreciationD.surpriseA.cheapB.emptyC.uselessD.improperA.asB.untilC.becauseD.thoughA.adviceB.supportC.attentionD.commandA.fromB.behindC.overD.Towards注意：“記敘文類”“三”注意1.了解記敘文的幾大要素。記敘文的要素包括：時間、地點、人物、事件的起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果。2.弄清作者的寫作意圖，讀懂作者的觀點或態(tài)度。答題時，先通讀全文，了解文章大意，弄清作者的寫作意圖。雖然記敘文都會敘述一個故事，而且情節(jié)一般都較簡單，但是，在簡單的故事背后，作者往往會講述一個道理，闡述自己的觀點。就事論事一般來說不是作者記敘的目的。答題時，只有弄清作者的寫作目的，才能抓住文章的主題。3.注意上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系。答題時，要注意文章上下文句與句之間以及段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。如果忽視了上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，便很容易落入命題者設(shè)置的“陷阱”中，從而誤選答案。練習Ayoungmanwasonedaytakingawalkwithaprofessor,whowascommonlycalledthestudents'friend.Astheywentalong,theysaw1inthepathapairofshoes,whichweresupposedtobelongtoapoormanwhowasworkinginafieldcloseby,andwhohad2finishedhisday'swork.Thestudent3theprofessor,saying,"Let'splaya(n)4ontheman:wewillhidehisshoes,andwewillstaybehindthosebushes,andwaittoseehis5whenhecannotfindthem.""Myyoungfriend,"answeredtheprofessor,"weshouldnever6ourselvesattheexpenseofthepoorman.Youare7,andmaygiveyourselfamuchgreaterpleasurebymeansofhelpingthepoorman.Puta8intoeachshoe,andthenwewillhideourselvesandwatchhowthe9affectshim."Thestudentdidso,10theybothplacedthemselvesbehindthebushescloseby.Thepoormansoonfinishedhiswork,andcame11thefieldtothepathwherehehadlefthiscoatandshoes.While12hiscoatheslippedhisfootintooneofhisshoes,feelingsomething13.Hebentdowntofeelwhatitwas,andfoundthecoin.Astonishmentandwonderwereseenuponhisface.Hegazedatthecoin,turneditround,andlookedatitagainandagain.Hethenlookedaround14onallsides,butnopersonwastobeseen.Henowputthemoneyintohispocket,andwentontoputontheothershoe;buthissurprisewas15onfindingtheothercoin.Hisfeelings16him;hefelluponhis17,lookeduptotheheavenandletoutasincerethanksgiving,inwhichhespokeofhiswife,sickand18,andhischildrenwithoutbread,whomthetimelygiving,fromsomeunknownhand,wouldsavefromdying.Thestudentstoodtheredeeplyaffected,andhiseyeswerefilledwithtears."Now,"saidtheprofessor,"areyounotmuchmorepleasedifyouhadplayedyour19trick?"Thestudentreplied,"YouhavetaughtmealessonwhichIwillneverforget.Ifeelnowthe20ofthosewords,whichIneverunderstoodbefore:Itismoreblessedtogivethantoreceive."A.hangingB.lyingC.sittingD.hidingA.nearlyB.seeminglyC.closelyD.equallyA.lookedbackB.referredtoC.turnedtoD.puzzledoverA.funB.amusementC.entertainmentD.trickA.opinionB.confusionC.feetD.enthusiasmA.treatB.delicateC.amuseD.occupyA.healthyB.kindC.meanD.richA.coinB.pennyC.dollarD.poundA.pleasureB.discoveryC.tirednessD.possibilityA.andB.butC.thusD.thereforeA.aroundB.acrossC.intoD.towardA.takingonB.lookingonC.puttingonD.hangingonA.hardB.tightC.softD.looseA.thatB.itC.themselvesD.himA.foldedB.acceleratedC.doubledD.improvedA.masteredB.beatC.betrayedD.overcameA.handsB.kneesC.feetD.legsA.beautifulB.mercilessC.hopefulD.helplessA.intendedB.requiredC.wantedD.interestedA.faithB.factC.truthD.reliability夾敘夾議文：夾敘夾議文是高考完形填空題的主選體裁，也是高考完形填空題中較難理解和把握的。高考完形填空題選取的夾敘夾議文一般有兩類：第一，先敘述具體的人或事，然后引出作者的議論；第二，先提出作者的觀點，然后再用具體的人或事去證明它。所選文章一般都具有一定的社會價值和教育意義。理清文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，把作者敘述的故事和要表達的觀點結(jié)合起來分析是做好這類完形填空題的關(guān)鍵。Anotherperson’senthusiasmwaswhatsetmemovingtowardthesuccessIhaveachieved.Thatpersonwasmystepmother.IwasnineyearsoldwhensheenteredourhomeinruralVirginia.Myfather1metoherwiththesewords:“Iwouldlikeyoutomeetthefellowwhois2forbeingtheworstboyinthiscountyandwillprobablystartthrowingrocksatyouno3thantomorrowmorning.”Mystepmotherwalkedoverme,4myheadslightlyupward,andlookedatmerightintheeye.Thenshelookedatmyfatherandreplied,“Youare5.Thisisnottheworstboyatall,6thesmartestonewhohasn’tyetfoundanoutlet（釋放的途徑）forhisenthusiasm.Thatstatementbegana(n)7betweenus.Noonehadevercalledmesmart.Myfamilyandneighborshadbuiltmeupinmy8asabadboy.Mystepmotherchangedallthat.Shechangedmanythings.She9myfathertogotoadentalschool,fromwhichhegraduatedwithhonors.Shemovedourfamilyintothecountyseat,wheremyfather’scareercouldbemore10andmybrothersandIcouldbebetter11.WhenIturnedfourteen,sheboughtmeasecondhand12andtoldmethatshebelievedthatIcouldbecomeawriter.Iknewherenthusiasm,I13it,andIsawhowithadalreadyimprovedourlives.Iacceptedher14andbegantowriteforlocalnewspapers.Iwasdoingthesamekindof15thatgreatdayIwenttointerviewAndrewCarnegieandreceivedthetaskwhichbecamemylife’sworklater.Iwasn’tthe16beneficiary（受益者）.Myfatherbecamethe17manintown.Mybrothersandstepbrothersbecameaphysician,adentist,alawyer,andacollegepresident.Whatpower18has!Whenthatpowerisreleasedtosupportthecertaintyofone’spurposeandis19strengthenedbyfaith,itbecomesanirresistible（不可抗拒的）forcewhichpovertyandtemporarydefeatcannever20.Youcancommunicatethatpowertoanyonewhoneedsit.Thisisprobablythegreatestworkyoucandowithyourenthusiasm.1.A.rushedB.sentC.carriedD.introduced2.A.distinguishedB.favoredC.mistakenD.rewarded3.A.soonerB.laterC.longerD.earlier4.A.draggedB.shookC.raisedD.bent5.A.perfectB.rightC.wrongD.impolite6.A.butB.soC.andD.or7.A.agreementB.friendshipC.gapD.relationship8.A.opinionB.imageC.expectationD.mind9.A.beggedB.persuadedC.orderedD.invited10.A.successfulB.meaningfulC.helpfulD.useful11.A.treatedB.entertainedC.educatedD.respected12.A.cameraB.radioC.bicycleD.typewriter13.A.consideredB.suspectedC.ignoredD.appreciates14.A.beliefB.requestC.criticismD.description15.A.teachingB.writingC.studyingD.reading16.A.nextB.sameC.onlyD.real17.A.cleverestB.wealthiestC.strongestD.healthiest18.A.enthusiasmB.sympathyC.fortuneD.confidence19.A.deliberatelyB.happilyC.traditionallyD.constantly20.A.winB.matchC.reachD.doubt注意：一般來說，夾敘夾議類完形填空首先傾向于注重短文本身的教育意義，先敘述具體的人或事，然后引出作者的觀點。答題時，一定要把記敘和議論有機結(jié)合起來。如果把記敘和議論分割開來，只顧選各部分的答案，沒有注意事件和論點的聯(lián)系，對整體內(nèi)容把握不好，答案的正確率必將大打折扣。練習Itwasabusymorning,about8:30,whenanelderlygentlemaninhis80scametothehospital.Iheardhimsayingtothenursethathewasinahurryforanappointment（約會）at9:30.Thenursehadhimtakea1inthewaitingarea,2himitwouldbeatleast40minutes3someonewouldbeabletoseehim.Isawhim4hiswatchanddecided,sinceIwas5busy-mypatientdidn’t6attheappointedhour,Iwouldexaminehiswound.Whiletakingcareofhiswound,Iaskedhimifhehadanotherdoctor’sappointment.Thegentlemansaidnoandtoldmethathe7togotothenursinghometoeatbreakfastwithhis8.Hetoldmethatshehadbeen9forawhileandthatshehadaspecialdisease.Iaskedifshewouldbe10ifhewasabitlate.Herepliedthatshe11knewwhohewas,thatshehadnotbeenableto12himforfiveyearsnow.Iwas13,andaskedhim,“Andyou14goeverymorning,eventhoughshedoesn’tknowwhoyouare?”Hesmiledandsaid,“shedoesn’tknowme,butIknowwhosheis.”Ihadtoholdback15asheleft.NowI16thatinmarriages,trueloveis17ofallthatis.Thehappiestpeopledon’t18havethebestofeverything;theyjust19thebestofeverythingtheyhave.20isn’tabouthowtolivethroughthestorm,buthowtodanceintherain.1.A.breathB.testC.seatD.break2.A.persuadingB.promisingC.understandingD.telling3.A.ifB.beforeC.sinceD.after4.A.takingB.fixingC.lookingatD.winding5.A.veryB.alsoC.seldomD.not6.A.turnupB.showoffC.comeonD.goaway7.A.neededB.forgotC.agreedD.happened8.A.daughterB.wifeC.motherD.sister9.A.lateB.wellC.aroundD.there10.A.lonelyB.worriedC.doubtfulD.hungry11.A.sofarB.neitherC.nolongerD.already12.A.recognizeB.answerD.believeD.expect13.A.movedB.disappointedC.surprisedD.satisfied14.A.onlyB.thenC.thusD.still15.A.curiosityB.tearsC.wordsD.judgment16.A.realizeB.suggestC.hopeD.prove17.A.agreementB.expressionC.acceptanceD.exhibition18.A.necessarilyB.completelyC.naturallyD.frequently19.A.learnB.makeC.favorD.try20.A.AdventureB.BeautyC.TrustD.Life說明文：完形填空題中的說明文往往利用首句提出或解釋說明某事物，其結(jié)構(gòu)明朗，內(nèi)容多為日常生活中常見又容易被忽略的問題，有一定的時效性。理清文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，抓住作者要說明的話題，并結(jié)合作者敘述的具體事例來分析是做好這類完形填空題的關(guān)健。Mostpeoplegivelittlethoughttothepenstheywritewith,especiallysincetheprintersinmodernhomesandofficesmeanthatvery1thingsarehandwritten.Alltoooften,peoplebuyapenbasedonlyon2,andwonderwhytheyarenotsatisfied3theybegintouseit.However,buyingapenthatyou'llenjoyisnot4ifyoukeepthefollowinginmind.Firstofall,apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhandandbe5touse.Thethicknessofthepenisthemostimportantcharacteristic（特征）6comfort.Havingasmallhandandthickfingers,youmaybecomfortablewithathinpen.Ifyouhavea7handandthickerfingers,youmay8afatterpen.Thelengthofapencan9influencecomfort.Apenthatistoo10caneasilyfeeltop-heavyandunstable.Then,thewritingpointofthepenshould11theinktoflowevenly（均勻地）whilethepenremainsintouchwiththepaper.12willmakeitpossibleforyoutocreatea13lineofwriting.Thepointshouldalsobesensitiveenoughto14inkfromrunningwhenthepenislifted.Apointthatdoesnotblockthe15mayleavedropsofink,16youpickthepenupandputitdownagain.17,thepenshouldmakeathick,darkline.Fine-linepensmay18badhandwriting,butfine,delicatelinesdonotcommand19nexttoprintedtext,as,20,asignatureonaprintedletter.Abroaderline,ontheotherhand,givesanimpressionofconfidenceandauthority（權(quán)威）.A.manyB.fewC.pleasantD.importantA.looksB.reasonC.valueD.advantagesA.onceB.ifC.becauseD.thoughA.convenientB.practicalC.strangeD.difficultA.heavyB.easyC.hardD.safeA.takingB.findingC.determiningD.seekingA.strongerB.weakerC.smallerD.largerA.preferB.recommendC.prepareD.demandA.hardlyB.alsoC.neverD.stillA.thickB.lightC.longD.softA.changeB.allowC.reduceD.pressA.TheyB.OneC.ThisD.SomeA.thinB.roughC.blackD.smoothA.preventB.freeC.protectD.removeA.wayB.sightC.flowD.streamA.soB.asC.andD.yetA.MeanwhileB.GenerallyC.AfterwardsD.FinallyA.showupB.differfromC.breakdownD.compensateforA.attentionB.supportC.respectD.admissionA.atmostB.forexampleC.inbriefD.onpurpose注意：1.弄清說明對象是具體事物還是理論性的概念。一般來說，文章首句會直接點出要說明的對象，所以要認真閱讀文章首句。只有先弄清了說明對象，才能更好地掌握說明對象的具體內(nèi)容。2.把握文章的說明順序。在弄清文章說明對象后，通讀全文，理清文章線索，即說明順序。通常來說，說明文的順序主要有：時間、空間、邏輯等。3.代入選項，通讀檢查。做完題后，依照文章的內(nèi)容，將所選選項代入空格，通讀檢查，重點檢查是否符合上下文邏輯。讀到有不符合邏輯的空格，就需要進行調(diào)整，直到感覺全文通暢、連貫為止。練習Today'sEnglishlearnerhasawidechoiceofdictionaries.Thereare1withAmericanEnglish,withBritishEnglish,withidiomsorslang,and2withpictures.Oneofthemost3dictionariesIhaveseenamongmanystudentsisthe4electronicdictionary.Allyouhavetodoisto5awordinyourlanguageandyoucanseeitand6itinEnglish.That'sgreat,right?Well,Ithinkit'sgreat,too...butonlysometimes.Bilingualelectronicdictionariesarefastand7.Theycanbegreat8youaretravelingandneedinformationquickly.9Iamagainstelectronicdictionariesandevenbilingual10dictionariesinmanycases.Letmeexplain.Whenyoureachanintermediate（中等程度）levelofEnglish,youknow11ofthelanguagetoaskthemeaningofcertainthingswhileusingEnglish.Translatingbetweenlanguagesinyourhead12time.Youshouldbetranslatingaslittleaspossibleand13inEnglishasmuchaspossible.Istronglyrecommendthatintermediateandadvancedstudentsshould14anEnglish-Englishdictionarythatismade15foryourunderstanding.Forexample,ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPresshasgooddictionariesforstudentsand16publishinghousesdo,too.Ialsofeelthatpaperdictionariesarebetterforstudyingthanelectronicdictionaries.True,theytakelongertouse.But,forsomereason,theinformationyou17seemstostayinyourheadlonger.Itmaybe18youareforcedtospellthewordinyourheadandtherefore"seeit"moreclearlyinyour19.SowhatdoyoudoifyouhavecheckedanEnglish-Englishdictionaryandstilldon'tunderstandsomething?Gotoyourbilingualdictionary.Itisusefulsometimes.Justremembertotryto20inEnglishasmuchaspossible.1.A.dictionariesB.booksC.magazinesD.papers2.A.stillB.evenC.yetD.just3.A.interestingB.usefulC.expensiveD.popular4.A.sayingB.talkingC.speakingD.telling5.A.takedownB.getacrossC.typeinD.sayout6.A.observeB.feelC.hearD.say7.A.difficultB.vitalC.helpfulD.easy8.A.whenB.asC.afterD.before9.A.SoB.AndC.ButD.While10.A.plasticB.paperC.electricD.visual11.A.enoughB.littleC.mostD.few12.A.spendsB.paysC.takesD.invests13.A.writingB.typingC.thinkingD.reflecting14.A.borrowB.buyC.keepD.use15.A.especiallyB.practicallyC.generallyD.extremely16.A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.others17.A.refertoB.checkinC.lookupD.putin18.A.whyB.becauseC.whenD.where19.A.mindB.earsC.eyesD.mouth20.A.speakB.stayC.saveD.remember議論文：高考完形填空題選取的議論文具有顯著的特點，即觀點鮮明、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹、論據(jù)充分、思維縝密，有較強的說教性和一定的語言深度。所選議論文通?？煞譃閮深悾阂皇窍确治鋈藗兞曇詾槌５默F(xiàn)象，指出其中的謬誤，然后闡述自己的觀點；二是開門見山地點明要闡述的觀點，然后通過類比等手段來證明該觀點。掌握議論文的特點，把握好作者在文章中所闡述的觀點并結(jié)合常識去推理和合理想象是做好這類完形填空題的關(guān)鍵。Toalargedegree,themeasureofourpeaceofmindisdeterminedbyhowmuchweareabletoliveinthepresentmoment.1whathappenedyesterdayorlastyear,andwhatmayormaynothappentomorrow,thepresent2iswhereyouare-always!Withoutquestion,manyofushavemasteredtheneurotic（神經(jīng)過敏的）artof3muchofourlifeworryingaboutavarietyofthings-allatonce.Weallowpastproblemsandfuture4tocontrolourpresentmoments,somuch5weendupanxious,frustrated,depressed,andhopeless.Ontheotherside,wealsopostponeoursatisfaction,ourpriorities,andour6,oftenconvincingourselvesthat"someday"willbe7thantoday.Unfortunately,thesamementaldynamic（動力）that8ustolookforwardtothefuturewillonlyrepeatthemselvessothat"someday"never9arrives.JohnLennononcesaid,"Lifeiswhat'shappeningwhilewe'rebusymaking"otherplans."Whenwe'rebusymaking"otherplans",our10arebusygrowingup,thepeopleweloveare11awayanddying,ourbodiesaregettingoutofshape,andourdreamsareslippingaway.Inshort,we12life.Manypeopleliveasiflifewereadressrehearsal（彩排）forsomelaterdate.Itisn't.Infact,noonehasa(n)13thatheorshewillbeheretomorrow.Nowistheonlytimewehave,andthe14timethatwehaveanycontrolover.Whenourattentionisinthepresentmoment,wepush15fromourminds.Fearistheconcernoverevents16mighthappeninthefuture-wewon'thaveenoughmoney,ourchildrenwillgetinto17,wewillgetoldanddie,orwhatever.Togetoverfear,thebeststrategyistolearntobringyour18backtothepresent.MarkTwainsaid,"Ihavebeen19someterriblethingsinmylife,whichactuallyhappened."Practicekeepingyourattentionhereandnow.Youreffortswill20atlast.A.RegardlessofB.InsteadofC.BecauseofD.AsaresultofA.placeB.momentC.societyD.positionA.offeringB.takingC.spendingD.killingA.concernsB.jobsC.friendshipD.growthA.evenifB.asthoughC.inorderthatD.sothatA.educationB.complaintC.happiness