introduction-科技英語寫作

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Introduction陳曙健顧詹妮王彬鄒翩田妍妍劉筱筱Contents1.Whatistheintroduction?2.Thecontentsandstructure3.Citationsandabbreviations4.Grammar5.SummaryTheBodyofaResearchPaperIntroductionMaterialsandMethodsResearchResultsDiscussionConclusionWhatIstheIntroduction?Theintroductionisputatthebeginningofawriting,

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indicatesthescopeanddirectionofthepaper,andactasanavigationguidetoitsreading.Introduction

Alertreaders'interestSupplysufficientbackgroundinformationEmphasizeyourprincipalcontribution—IntroductionvsAbstractWhatIstheIntroduction?TextLengthTextIntroductionSupplysufficientbackgroundtoreaders.8%≤length≤10%Nostandard(1~4paragraphs)PresenttenseAbstractMainpart:methods,results&conclusions.AsshortaspossibleAsingleparagraphpasttenseTextFormTenseTextPurposeContents1.Whatistheintroduction2.Thecontentsandstructure3.Citationsandabbreviations4.Grammar5.Summary"Funnel"IntroductionStage1:StatementsaboutthefieldofresearchStage2:Statementsabouttheaspectsoftheproblemalreadystudiedbyotherresearchers.Stage3:Statementsthatindicatetheneedformoreinvestigation,creatingagaporresearchnicheforthepresentstudytofill.Stage5:Optionalstatement(s)thatdrawprincipalconclusionsfromtheresultsorgiveapositivevalueorjustificationforcarryingoutthestudy.Stage4:Statementsgivingthepurpose/objectivesofthewriter’sstudyoroutliningitsmainactivityorfindings.Stage1PresentthenatureandscopeoftheprobleminvestigatedProvidethereaderwitharightsettingorcontextfortheproblemtobeinvestigatedClaimitscentralityorimportanceReasonable，understandbleExamplesofStage1Stage1Stage2MorespecificLayafoundationofinformationalreadyknownExamplesofStage2Stage2Stage1Stage3AuthorsoftenpresentabroadgapearlyintheIntroduction,andamorespecificoneclosetotheend.Signalwords：however,isthechallengingproblem,remainsamajorchallenge,rarely,notwellunderstood,andpresentlyunclear.ExamplesofStage3Stage4Intheformoftheaimorpurposeofthestudytobereported,ortheprincipalactivityorfindingofthestudy.ExamplesofStage4Stage5Optionalstatement(s)thatdrawprincipalconclusionsfromtheresultsorgiveapositivevalueorjustificationforcarryingoutthestudy.CoherenceandUnityBroad，general→narrow，specificOldinformation→newinformationEXAMPLEContents1.Whatistheintroduction2.Thecontentsandstructure3.Citationsandabbreviations4.Grammar5.SummaryCitations

Threedifferentcitationmethods1.Informationprominentcitation2.authorprominentcitation3.weakauthorprominentcitationAbbreviations

Contents1.Whatistheintroduction2.Thecontentsandstructure3.Citationsandabbreviations4.Grammar5.SummaryTensePresenttense：oftenused（最主要的）presentperfecttense：expresswhathasbeenfoundPasttense：YourownpresentworkException:attribution（消息來源出處）VoiceActivevoice：precise，lesswordy（精確、簡練）；強調(diào)施事者，自己的研究活動、發(fā)現(xiàn)等。Passivevoice：強調(diào)研究對象；使句子新舊信息更好地銜接person大部分內(nèi)容是第三人稱作主語，提到自己的研究可用第一人稱大部分內(nèi)容是第三人稱作主語，提到自己的研究可用第一人稱Contents1.Whatistheintroduction2.Thecontentsandstructure3.Citationsandabbreviations