歐洲文化入門Modernism and other trends

ModernismandOtherTrendsArt&Music●Art●Sculpture●MusicGroupSixFauvismExpressionismCubismFuturismDadaismSurrealismAimsinartisticendeavor

"Myaimistocreatenewobjectswhichcannotbecomparedtoanyobjectsinactuality."

Theuncertainty,theobscurity,theelusiveness,theinfinityofdimensions---andthedoubtfulnessofman’sownidentity---becamesomethingartistsbentonprobingintoandgivingexpressionto.1.Inliterature,tofollowFreudandprobeintotheworldofunconciousness.

2.Thenewpatternsoflifeasaresultofrapid

changein

thephysicalworld.theartistsexpresstheiralianation,alsohorrorsof

socialillsandthedevastatingworldwars.BackgroundItbecameafashionforpainterstoreturntoanoriginalpoint.a.Fauvism(野獸派）TheFauvesexpressedtheiremotionalreactiontothesubjectintheboldestcolorandstrongestpatternoflines.HenriMatisse(亨利馬蒂斯)

AFrenchpainterandsculptor,leaderoftheFauves

MajorWorks

TheJoyofLife

HarmonyinRedAndreDerainAFrenchpainter,co-founderofFauvismwithHenriMatisse.Majorworks

LondonBridge

(德蘭)ExpressionismExpressionism

wasa

modernist

movement,initiallyinpoetryandpainting,originatinginGermanyatthebeginningofthe20thcentury.ExpressionismartismarkedbytheexpressionofrealitybymeansofdistortionTheartistsofthisschoolusedbrightcolorstobringouttheirpessimisticviewsonlife.theyshowaworldofsubconsciousness,aworldofdistressandtorment,andaworldwhichistotallytheirownimagination.EmilNolde(1867--1956)-----mostgiftedandpowerfulexponentofexpressionismGermany------demonicheads,mysticappearancesandreligiousimages.Majorwork:theprophetChristamongthechildrenripesunflowersGeorgegrosz(1893---1959)---Germany----wasfamousforsatiricalattackingthecorruptionofGermanbourgeoissociety.Majorwork:punishment-----arecollectionofdestructionofwarswithblazingexplosions.MaxBeckmann(1884---1950}------Germanexpressionists------WWIMajorwork:thedream-----amockingnightmare,atilted,zigzagworldcrammedwithpuppet-likefigures.PaulKlee(1879-1940)-----Swisspainter-----lines,colors,andforms.Majorwork:twitteringbirds----usedsimplelinestosuggestthesoundofwordswhenacrankisturned.WassilyKandinsky(1866-1944)----aRussianpainternaturalizedGermany,thenFrench.----usedfull-lengthcolorsandboldbrushworktocreateshapesandpatternsthatresemblesnothinginnature.Majorworks:sketchIforcompositionVIIc.Cubism(立體主義)AbstractpaintingAimstopenetratebeyondsurfaceappearanceandsinglevisionanddepictpersonsandobjectsfromvaryinganglessimultaneouslyandthree-dimensionally.PabloPicasso（1881-1973畢加索）ASpanishpainter,sculptorandceramist.

MajorWorks

Demoisellesd’AvignonTheMusiciansGuernicaThreeDancersAccordionistGeorgesBraque（1882-1963）AcloseassociateofPicasso’sMajorWorks

LeCourrierd.Futurism(未來主義)Portraythedynamiclifeofthe20thcentury.Glorifywar,danger,machineageandattackmuseumsandacademies.Interestedinexpressingthespeed,progressandeventheviolenceofmodernlive.UmbertoBoccioni(1882-1916)ItalianpainterandsculptorwhoplayedamajorroleinthedraftingofthemanifestoofFuturism.MajorWorks

TheCityRisesUniqueFormsofContinuityinSpacee.Dadaism(達(dá)達(dá)主義)Anti-war,anti-modernlife,andindeed,anti-art.Encouragethepublictodesrtoy

thierdisplaysTheworldhadbecomeinsane

andarttooserious.Automatism---theautomaticproductionofartMarcelDuchamp(1887-1968)AFrenchpainterandartist.ThemechanizedbutcheryofWWIfilledhimwithblackdespairandhejoinedotherartistsinformingtheDadamovement.

MajorWorks

TheBrideMonaLisaMaxErnst(1891-1976)AGermanpainter,afterWWIhejoinedtheDadamovementinParisandthenbecameafounderofSurrealism.MajorWorks

Frottage

IcopperPlateIZincPlate1RubberCloth2Calipers1DrainpipeTelescope1pipingMan

Surrealism（超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義）

ThisnewschoolcombinedtheDadaidea（達(dá)達(dá)主義/虛無思想）

ofautomatismwiththepsychologyofSigmundFreud.（Austrianpsychoanalyst）

Thesurrealistsfeltsthatthejoboftheartistwastoshowanunconsciousworld.SalvadorDali

薩爾瓦多.達(dá)利(1904-1989)

Spanishsurrealistpainter.Subconsciousimagery,bytheinfluenceofFreud.Turningsubjectiveworldofdreamsintoobjectiveandexcitingpainting.Inaodd,unreasonableway,todistortorcrushtheordinarythings.TheonlydifferencebetweenmeandmadmanisthatIamnotalunatic.PersistenceofMemoryJoanMiro(胡安.米羅）

ASpanishsurrealistpainter.Hisworksarespontaneousandintuitiveexpressionofunconsciouslife.

MajorWorks

PaintingAbstractExpressionism（抽象表現(xiàn)主義）Thisisastyleofpaintingtotallyabstractandfreeinform.Itisotherwisecalled“actionpainting”.JacksonPollock(杰克遜波洛克）AnAmericanpainter,hewasaffectedbysurrealismandalsobyPicasso.Hisvigorousattackonthecanvasandhisdevotiontotheveryactofpaintingledtothename“actionpainting”（行動(dòng)繪畫）forthisPollockbecamethesymbolofthenewartisticrevoltcalledabstractexpressionism.（抽象主義）

MajorWorks

OneSculptureHenryMoore(亨利.摩爾）AnEnglishSculptor,hisinterestwasalwaysresearchintothreedimensionalspatial（三維空間）construction.PureabstractsculptureMajorworkRecumbentFigure（斜倚的人物）ConstantineBrancusi（康斯坦丁.布朗庫西）ARomaniansculptor.Hisworksarealmostcompletelyabstract,reducingthesubjects(heads,birds,animals,humanfigures)totheirquintessential（精髓的）form.MajorworkTheKissMusicTheDevelopmentBetween1905and1910,musicalrevolution–classicalmordernChangesHarmonyMelodyRhythmFormComparision

Expression.MusicalthoughtsOldmusic:evenessandbalanceSimpleevenrhythmicMordernmusic:complicatedvarietyoftones

Oldmusic:changingcourserarelyandhardlyMordernmusic:chingingfrequently

FourgreatfiguresBelaBartokArnoldSchoenbergIgorStravinskyDmitryShostakovichThelinkwiththe19thcenturyAdvanturous,forward-lookingcomposers

ArnoldSchoenberg

(1874-1951)

AustriancomposerSerialism(序列主義）Developedanewmusicallanguage—atonal(無調(diào)性）12-tonetechniqueBecomesthebasisfortheentirecompositionMajorWorksViolinConcerto,Op.36SpringQuartet,Op.37PianoConcerto,Op.42ASurvivorfromWarsaw,Op.46(chorusandorchestra)IgorStravinsky

(1882-1971)

Russian-bo