第2章3 樓宇供配電系統(tǒng)(英文)

Chapter2

Powersupplyanddistributionsystem2.1Introduction2.2Typicalsysteminsidethebuilding2.3systemdiagramreading2.4monitoringsystem2.5Examples1whatkindofdistributionsystem?2Residenceinformation?unit/floor3powerlineincome?4Maindistributionpanel?5Unitdistributionpanel?6Familydistributionpanel?7cablebox?8specificationofthemainswitch?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)1whatkindofdistributionsystem?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)◆Distributionsystemforresidencebuilding2Residenceinformation?unit/floor2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)◆sixfloor/threeunit3powerlineincome?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)◆Cableinput◆cablejointincableboxDJR4Maindistributionpanel?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)◆MaindistributionpanelAL-1-1GM100H-3300/63AGM225H-3300/160AGM100H-3300/63AGM100H-3300/63AXA10-1P-C6AAL-1-1DJPR-600×600×180DJR-600×600×1801L-3×25+2×16-SC50-FC.WC4L-3×25-SC15-WCResidencedistributionsystem4Maindistributionpanel?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)◆MaindistributionpanelAL-1-1◆specificationofthemainswitch

GM225H-3300/160A●33pthreepoleswires●3meansthereisacompoundtrip●00noaccessories

●

160Asettingvalueforcontactors

表示觸頭動(dòng)作整定電流5Unitdistributionpanel?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)5Unitdistributionpanel?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)FourbranchfromAL-1-11L\2L\3L\4L,threephaseforeachbranchtounitdistributionpanel

AL-1-2DJDR-05-600×700×160WhWhWhLLXA10-1P-C6AXA10-3P-50AXA10-1P-C6AXA10-1P-C20AXA10-1P-C20A4L3L2L1LThreemeterslongdistancetransmissionPubliclightingkilowatt-hourmeter;watt-hourmeter;electricmeter

Luserdistributionpanel5Unitdistributionpanel?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)XA10-3P-50Aratedcurrent50A6Familydistributionpanel?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)LuserdistributionpanelXA10-1P-C20AXA10LE-1/2-16A(30mA)L2XA10LE-1/2-16A(30mA)L3lightingsocketsocketSystemdiagramofuserdistributionpanel(L)系統(tǒng)圖LEforleakprotection?2pole(ahotandaneutral)16Acapacity30mAactuatingcurrentforcircuitbreaker1GL-630/3PK630A三相負(fù)荷隔離開(kāi)關(guān)，裝在PK電控柜里面2YJV22－4*95－SC100－FCWC4根95個(gè)平方的交聯(lián)聚氯乙烯電纜穿SC（鋼管）100（埋地）WC（墻內(nèi)敷設(shè)）3CM1L250H/4P-200A+Vigi300mA,0.3SCM1L表示CM1系列帶漏電(剩余電流)保護(hù)的塑殼斷路器250表示殼架等級(jí)電流為250A，4P表示四極(L1、L2、L3、N);200A表示額定電流為200安培;Vigi300mA表示漏電動(dòng)作電流為300毫安;0.3s表示漏電保護(hù)動(dòng)作時(shí)間小于等于0.3秒

2.7

問(wèn)題討論?1

LeakageProtection

關(guān)于漏電開(kāi)關(guān)？Zerosequenceprotection零序電流保護(hù)Zerosequenceprotection零序電流保護(hù)Zerosequenceprotection零序電流保護(hù)Residualcurrentprotection剩余電流保護(hù)Voltage

Dependent

ResistorResidualcurrentprotection剩余電流保護(hù)A

residual-currentdevice

(RCD),or

residual-currentcircuitbreaker

(RCCB)

isanelectricalwiring

devicethatdisconnectsacircuitwheneveritdetectsthatthe

electriccurrent

isnotbalancedbetweentheenergized(line)conductor(s)andthereturn(neutral)conductor.Innormalcircumstances,thesetwowiresareexpectedtocarrymatchingcurrents,andanydifferenceusuallyindicatesa

shortcircuit

.Acurrentofaround30mA

(0.030

Amps)ispotentiallysufficienttocause

cardiacarrestorseriousharmifitpersistsformorethanasmallfractionofasecond.RCDaredesignedtodisconnecttheconductingwiresquicklyenoughtopreventseriousinjuryfromsuchshocks.(ThisiscommonlydescribedastheRCDbeing"tripped".)RCD

Singlephaseleakageprotection單相漏電保護(hù)Singlephaseleakageprotection單相漏電保護(hù)漏電開(kāi)關(guān)Singlephaseleakageprotection單相漏電保護(hù)日產(chǎn)日本三菱（Mitsubishi）、富士（Fuji）、歐姆龍（Ormon）、東芝（Toshiba）漏電開(kāi)關(guān)Singlephaseleakageprotection單相漏電保護(hù)美國(guó)產(chǎn)漏電開(kāi)關(guān)Singlephaseleakageprotection單相漏電保護(hù)?2CircuitBreaker關(guān)于空氣開(kāi)關(guān)（斷路器）？為什么空氣開(kāi)關(guān)有這么多樣子？有什么區(qū)別？CircuitBreaker？

1P220VHotonly2P220VHotandNeutrul3P380VThreehotlines4P

380V

ThreehotlinesandNeutralCircuitBreaker？1F2F3F4F5F6F53333333333335333333333333554433554433?3About

balanceofthreephase？

★AccordingtotheresidentialhousingareaUnder60m2:4~5kW；60m2~100m2:5kW~6kW；100m2:8kW~12kW；150m218~20kW★RequirementSingle-phasefor8kWandbelow.Three-phaseforover8kW.

?4Aboutresidentialpowersupplycapacity?5Electricsilo？◆Path:forheavyandlightcurrentwires

◆Types:有強(qiáng)電井、弱電井，也有強(qiáng)弱結(jié)合，這時(shí)強(qiáng)弱電干線之間采取隔離措施，以免干擾?！鬢iring:豎井內(nèi)可采用金屬管、金屬線槽、電纜、電纜橋架和封閉母線◆Onefor600m2一Concept:

在電氣豎井內(nèi)，如果除敷設(shè)干線回路外，還設(shè)置各層的電力、照明分配電箱及弱電設(shè)備的端子箱等電氣設(shè)備，則稱為電氣小間。(2)Characteristics:◆豎井的一部分◆每個(gè)樓層上都有◆每層均設(shè)向外開(kāi)的小門?6Switching

room?配電小間內(nèi)有什么?電氣豎井就是從建筑物的底層到頂層留出的一條井道。豎井在每個(gè)樓層設(shè)有配電小間，每層都有樓板隔開(kāi)，只留出不同尺寸的孔洞?6Switching

room?

What’s

inside?Insidetheswitchingroom:Power

line電力干線Powerdistributionpanel動(dòng)力配電箱Lightingdistributionpanel照明配電箱Junctionbox

forphone電話匯接箱ClosedCircuitTV閉路電視Computer

controlsystem電腦控制系統(tǒng)?6Switching

room?

What’s

inside?奇勝（Clipsal），梅蘭日蘭

西門子ABB一直是該產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的佼佼者，產(chǎn)品性能穩(wěn)定，質(zhì)量可靠。

?7Brand品牌是質(zhì)量的保證Chapter2

Powersupplyanddistributionsystem2.1Introduction2.2Typicalsysteminsidethebuilding2.3systemdiagramreading2.4monitoringsystem2.5Examples2.4Monitoringsystem2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

2.4Monitoringsystem◆Powerlinecarrier（優(yōu)點(diǎn)）◆Powergridproblem

（波形畸變、高次諧波）◆Pollution（原因、危害、解決）ⅠReliabilityofpowersupplyⅡQualityofpowersupply2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

Ⅲ

Voltage偏離和波動(dòng)（危害和解決辦法）

Ⅳ

Frequency電源頻率（速度、阻抗）

Ⅴ

Balancedthree-phase

三相平衡2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

2.4MonitoringsystemⅠReliabilityofpowersupply2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

10kVBusS1S2MainSpare主備10kVBusS1S2Power1Power2TieswitchFireliftFireprotectionEmergencylightingHalllightinggeneratorMainIMainIIEmergencybusUPScomputerImportantloadinterlockGmainsupply380V/220VbusbarTransformer10kV/400V380V/220Vspare2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

2.4Monitoringsystem◆Powerlinecarrier（優(yōu)點(diǎn)）◆Powergridproblem

（波形畸變、高次諧波）◆Pollution（原因、危害、解決）ⅠReliabilityofpowersupplyⅡQualityofpowersupply2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

Ⅲ

Voltage偏離和波動(dòng)（危害和解決辦法）

Ⅳ

Frequency電源頻率（速度、阻抗）

Ⅴ

Balancedthree-phase

三相平衡2.4Monitoringsystem2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

IBMSurvey

Report

2.4Monitoringsystem2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

Reliability:如惠普公司集成電路工廠停電20分鐘將引起3000萬(wàn)美元損失。Threephasebalance:大量電力電子裝置的使用、電容投切等造成負(fù)荷不對(duì)稱并引起嚴(yán)重的電能質(zhì)量問(wèn)題。Voltagedeviation:電壓低于0.9額定值時(shí)，某些電動(dòng)機(jī)將不能正常工作。High-orderHarmonics:高次諧波會(huì)導(dǎo)致對(duì)精密電子設(shè)備工作的干擾和電器設(shè)備的異常發(fā)熱，造成設(shè)備的永久性損壞。Frequency:供電電壓的頻率變化，則直接影響各種電氣設(shè)備正常運(yùn)行。2.4Monitoringsystem2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

Chips當(dāng)電壓低于85％時(shí)，測(cè)試儀停止工作，芯片、主板可能被毀；PLC

早期的產(chǎn)品，當(dāng)電壓低于10％時(shí)，仍能持續(xù)工作15個(gè)周波新版產(chǎn)品，當(dāng)電壓低于(50～60)％時(shí)，PLC停止工作；而2

年后資料表明，當(dāng)電壓低于81％時(shí)，PLC停止工作；ROBOAT

由機(jī)器人控制對(duì)金屬部件進(jìn)行鉆、切割等精密加工的機(jī)械工 具，為保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和安全，工作電壓檻值一般設(shè)為90％，當(dāng)電壓低于此值、持續(xù)時(shí)間超過(guò)2～3個(gè)周波時(shí)，被跳閘。

DCMotor當(dāng)電壓低于80％時(shí)，直流電機(jī)被跳閘。VVVF當(dāng)電壓低于70％，持續(xù)時(shí)間超過(guò)6個(gè)周波時(shí)，VSD被切除。 而對(duì)于一些精細(xì)加工業(yè)中的電機(jī)，當(dāng)電壓低于90％、持續(xù)時(shí) 間超過(guò)3個(gè)周波時(shí)，電機(jī)就會(huì)被跳閘而退出運(yùn)行。

研究表明：當(dāng)電壓低于50％～70％、持續(xù)時(shí)間超過(guò)1個(gè)周波，接Contacter觸器就會(huì)脫扣。

Computer當(dāng)電壓低于60％，持續(xù)時(shí)間超過(guò)12個(gè)周波時(shí)，計(jì)算工作將 到影響，如數(shù)據(jù)丟失。2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

2.4Monitoringsystem◆Powerlinecarrier（優(yōu)點(diǎn)）◆Powergridproblem

（波形畸變、高次諧波）◆Pollution（原因、危害、解決）ⅠReliabilityofpowersupplyⅡQualityofpowersupply2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

Ⅲ

Voltage偏離和波動(dòng)（危害和解決辦法）

Ⅳ

Frequency電源頻率（速度、阻抗）

Ⅴ

Balancedthree-phase

三相平衡2.4.2FunctionofMonitoringsystem

◆Differentsymbolandcoloronthescreen

表示接通、分?jǐn)?、短路或過(guò)載等各種運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，◆Voiceorwordalarm

方便值班工作人員及時(shí)處理故障。◆Equipmentsstatus

柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、UPS應(yīng)急電源等應(yīng)有相應(yīng)狀態(tài)顯示。ⅠStatusMonitoring

:Thestatusofcircuitbreakersandrelays2.4.2FunctionofMonitoringsystem

2.4MonitoringsystemInterfaceofpowersupplyanddistributingsystem

電壓、電流、頻率、變壓器溫度、有功功率、無(wú)功功率、功率因數(shù)等，以及柴油發(fā)電機(jī)等其他設(shè)備的運(yùn)行參數(shù)。◆Mainparameters:Ⅱ

OperationParameters◆Mainfunctions:自動(dòng)測(cè)量、記錄存盤、超限報(bào)警。2.4.2FunctionofMonitoringsystem

2.4Monitoringsystem◆Sound&LightAlarm

運(yùn)行過(guò)程中發(fā)生故障，供配電設(shè)備監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)應(yīng)立即發(fā)出聲光報(bào)警?！鬌isplaytheinterfacewhichindicatethefailure以便值班人員及時(shí)地處理故障?！鬜estore

只有在故障消除后，顯示的故障狀態(tài)圖標(biāo)才會(huì)恢復(fù)為正常的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)圖標(biāo)。

faultclearanceFaultIconⅢ

Faultmonitoringsystem:2.4.2FunctionofMonitoringsystem

2.4Monitoringsystem◆Acquisitionandstorage

定時(shí)采集并存儲(chǔ)運(yùn)行參數(shù)，◆LoadChart

能自動(dòng)生成日負(fù)荷表及年度報(bào)表?！鬜ecordandArchive

操作記錄均能自動(dòng)記錄存檔，◆Predictionandanalysis

對(duì)負(fù)荷曲線進(jìn)行趨勢(shì)預(yù)測(cè)和分析，提出改進(jìn)方案。Ⅳ

Faultrecords:2.4.2FunctionofMonitoringsystem

2.4MonitoringsystemThreelayers：現(xiàn)場(chǎng)I/O、控制層和管理層。（開(kāi)關(guān)柜）I/OI/OcontrolI/OFieldbus（MODBUS）I/OI/OcontrolI/OFieldbus（MODBUS）I/OI/OcontrolI/OFieldbus（MODBUS）BACnet工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)Managementlayer（PLC，工控PC，DDC）DatabaseMonitoringcomputer2.4.3Systemconstitution

2.4.3Systemconstitution2.4MonitoringsystemFieldI/OlayerControllayerEquipmentEquipmentEquipmentEquipmentEquipmentEquipmentFieldI/OModernI/O:intelligentcircuitbreaker,RemoteDataAcquisitionModule,RTU(RemoteTerminalUnit),measuringandcontroling測(cè)量常用的電力參數(shù),如三相電壓、電流、有功功率、無(wú)功功率、頻率、功率因數(shù)，可同時(shí)顯示多個(gè)測(cè)量參數(shù)和電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行參數(shù)。2.4.3Systemconstitution

2.4MonitoringsystemRTUpowermeasuringandcontrolingVoltagetransducerSpecificationsInput3Phase,0-150Vac.,0-300Vac.Powersupply110Vac.,220Vac.Operatingtemperature0-50CWringScrewterminalsMountingWallmountDimensionW132xH132xD162mm.Orderinginformation

SpecifyInput,Output,PowersupplyExampleVT195/0-150Vac/4-20mA/220Vac.VoltagetransducerCurrenttransducer電流變送器溫度變送器頻率變送器功率變送器智能變送器CurrenttransducerCurrenttransducerPowertransducerfrequencytransducerTemperaturetransducerIntelligentTemperatureTransducer2.4.4Typeofsignal2.4.4Typeofsignal

◆voltage電壓◆current電流◆temperature溫度◆power功率ⅠAI(analoginput)

模擬量Ⅱ

DI(digitalinput)數(shù)字量◆circuitbreaker

斷路器◆switch開(kāi)關(guān)2.4Monitoringsystem

fQPwTEVTITФTEФVT

fQPwITAIDIAIAIAI3AIDIDIDI3AIAIAIAIDIAI2.4.4Typeofsignal2.4Monitoringsystem2.5LoadcalculationDemandCoefficientMethod（需要系數(shù)法）1GrouploadcalculationActivepowerPc=kdPN(kW)ReactivepowerQc=Pctgφ

(kVar)ApparentpowerCurrentSc=√Pc2+Qc2Ic=Sc3UNLPc—groupcapacity

kd

—demandcoefficientUNL—linevoltage2Totalloadcalculation∑Pc=k∑∑(

kdPN)∑Qc=k∑∑(Pctgφ)Sc=√(∑Pc)2+(∑

Qc)2∑Pc=k∑∑(

kdPN)∑Qc=k∑∑(Pctgφ)Example

Aworkshopwith380Vpowersupply.Thereare20electricmachines（electricmotor11kW1，5.5kW4，3kW10,2.2kW5），4blower(2.6kW4)，electricfurnace(2kW4)，Trytodotheloadcalculation。

checkthetableforthepowerfactorandcoefficient1Grouploadcalculation2Totalloadcalculation◆electricmachinegroup查表

kd=0.2cosφ=0.6tgφ=1.33Pc1=kdPN1=

0.2×74=14.8(kW)Qc1=Pctgφ1

=14.8×1.33=19.68(kVar)◆blowergroup查表

kd=0.7cosφ=0.8tgφ=0.75Pc2=kdPN2=0.7×10.4=7.28(kW)Qc2=Pctgφ2

=7.28×0.75=5.46(kVar)◆electricfurnace查表

kd=0.65cosφ=0.95tgφ=0.33Pc3=kdPN3=0.65×8=5.2(kW)Qc3=Pctgφ3=5.2×0.33=1.72(kVar)1GrouploadcalculationSc=√(∑Pc)2+(∑

Qc)2∑Pc=k∑∑(

kdPN)=0.9×(14.8+7.28+1.72)=24.6kW∑Qc=k∑∑(Pctgφ)=0.9×(19.68+5.46+1.72)=24.2kVar=34.5kVAIc=Sc3UNL=52.5A查表k∑=0.92Totalloadcalculation需用系數(shù)法負(fù)荷計(jì)算表工程名稱:

工號(hào)：

序用電設(shè)備組回臺(tái)設(shè)備容量需要系數(shù)電壓COSφtgφ計(jì)算負(fù)荷變壓器(千伏安)號(hào)名

稱規(guī)格路數(shù)Pe(千瓦)KcKVPjs(KW)Q(Kvar)S(KVA)Ijs(A)開(kāi)關(guān)導(dǎo)線選擇1冷加工組

20740.23800.61.3314.8019.7324.6737.48

2通風(fēng)機(jī)組

410.40.73800.80.757.285.469.1013.83

3電阻爐

280.653800.950.335.201.715.478.32

222

以上功率合計(jì)92.4

0.712

27.2826.9038.3158.21

取同時(shí)系數(shù)0.9

補(bǔ)償后功率因數(shù)0.85

總負(fù)荷補(bǔ)償前

0.7120.9924.5524.2134.4852.39

總負(fù)荷補(bǔ)償后

0.850.6224.5515.2228.8843.89

無(wú)功補(bǔ)償

9.00

需用系數(shù)法負(fù)荷計(jì)算表工程名稱:

工號(hào)：

序用電設(shè)備組相臺(tái)設(shè)備容量需要系數(shù)電壓COSφtgφ計(jì)算負(fù)荷變壓器(千伏安)號(hào)名

稱規(guī)格數(shù)數(shù)Pe(千瓦)KcKVPjs(KW)Q(Kvar)S(KVA)Ijs(A)開(kāi)關(guān)導(dǎo)線選擇1冷加工組

A2060.452200.51.732.704.685.4024.55

2通風(fēng)機(jī)組

B470.72200.90.484.902.375.4424.75

3電阻爐

C270.42200.51.732.804.855.6025.45

D

750.23800.90.4815