寫作教程第二版(鄒申)-unit 7

Unit7SocialProblemsUnitObjectivesDefinitionofcause&effectFunctionofcause&effectFeaturesofcause&effectOrganizationofcause&effectHowtochooserightexamplesTransitionalphrasesWarm-upActivities

---collegestudents’takingpart-timejobsReasonsshortofpocketmoneyrelievefinancialburdensofferhelptosomefellowstudentswhoareinfinancialdifficultiesprepareforjobsinthefutureResultshavetospendpreciousstudytimeinfindingordoingpart-timejobsloseinterestinginlearningmaydogoodtoacademicstudiesgainexperienceorknowledgethatcannotbeobtainedfrombooksDefinitionofcause&effectSoundreasoningorlogicisnaturallythemostimportantqualityofanyanalysis.Inpresentingcauseandeffect,weshouldtrytobeobjective.Overstatingorunderstatingourpositionwouldonlymaketheanalysisunconvincing.Itseemsconvenienttostatetheeffectfirstandthenexplainthecauses.Thereverseorder,however,istobepreferredwhenonecauseleadstovariouseffects.1.Tostateaneffectanddevotetherestoftheparagraphtoexaminingthecauses.2.Tostateacauseandthenmentionorpredicttheeffect.Functionofcause&effectCauseandeffectservesasausefulmeanstodescribeoranalyzephenomena,problems,influences,etc.2.Weoftenfindourselvesinsituationswhereweneedtodiscusscausesoreffectsinordertobetterunderstandwhatisbeingdiscussed:places,people,features,advantagesordisadvantages.3.Howtoexpresscause-and-effectrelationshipseffectivelyiscrucialtomeaningfulcommunication.EffectCause1Cause2CauseEffect1Effect3Effect2Featuresofcause&effectFillouttheformswiththeappropriateandrelevantinformationLikeEnglishinhighschoolbeeasytofindajobaftergraduationhaveanunclewhooncemajoredinEnglishbegoodatlanguagelearninglessincomeemployersdonotlikeitsaveenergymorefreetimeStudythefollowingwordsandphrasesanddividethemintothefollowing2groups.

nowthat,thereasonfor,thanksto,becausesince,as,dueto,becauseof,owingtoconsequently,therefore,so,asaresult,thusitfollowsthat,accordingly,hence,sothatSample1-P67Questions1.Thisparagraphisdevelopedaroundtheproblemof“thelackofparking”complainedaboutbyUScityresidents.2.Singleeffectandmultiplecauses.Inthisway,thewritingshowsalogicalcause-and-effectpattern,whichmightconsequentlyattractmoreconcernoreffortsintheproblem’ssolution.3.The3causesarepresentedfromthemostdirecttothemostindirect.1.______________________________2.Morecarsareconstantlyproduced.3.______________________________CausesEffectLackofparkingincitiesOveramillioncarsareabandonedonthestreets.BothcitygovernmentsorgovernmentalagencieshavefinancialheadachesSuperficial/directDeepest/indirectSample2P68Questions1.Theproblemaddressesreferstotheissueofterroristattacks.Thisissuehasbroughtaboutatleastthreemajoraspectsofconsequenceoreffect.2.Theparagraphaddressesthecauseratherthaneffectsrightatthebeginning.3.No.Itfollowsapatternofsinglecauseandmultipleeffects.UnlikeSample1inwhicheffectisaddressedfirstandcausesaretracedbackwards,Sample2statesbrieflyatthebeginningtheissueofterroristattacksasadirectcause,andthendwellsuponthreemajoreffects,somefactualandsomepredicted.CauseEffectsTheterroriststrikes1.TheAmericansfeelveryanxiousandpanicky.2.Thegovernmenttrendstomakepoliticalerrors.3.Thepublicwouldwindupignoringtheonewarningthatreallymatters.LackofregulationTiger’spower/beauty/mysteryCauseEffectsEffect-causeDisastershappeningtochildrenTigersprivatelykeptaspetsinTexasLotsofundertrainedtigerownersNeglectofcommitmentabandonmentLinkingphrasesforcause/effectJustas…is…Theresultisthat……ispreciselywhy……maybeamongotherreasonsTransitionalphrasesCause/ReasonEffect/Impact…maybeamongotherreasonsThanksto…Account/findsomereasonforAttributeAtoBBeduetoseveralfactorsBepartlycausedby…Bepreciselywhy…Why…?Foronething…Tostemfromthefactthat…Toview…asaresponseto……factorsweighheavilyfor…Anotherimportantreasonis……isthenetresultItleavessomeseriousconsequences.Itmaygiverisetoahostofproblems.Theeffectisevident.Theimmediateresultitproduce