2020高三英語精準(zhǔn)培優(yōu)專練10：閱讀理解-推理判斷題(附解析)

2020高三英語精準(zhǔn)培優(yōu)專練10：閱讀理解----推理判斷題（附解析）一、真題在線Passage1（2019·浙江卷，A）ZachariahFikehasanunusualhobby.Hefindsoldmilitary(軍隊的)medalsforsaleinantiquestoresandontheInternet.Butunlikemostcollectors,Zactracksdownthemedals’rightfulowners,andreturnsthem.HisefforttoreunitefamilieswithlostmedalsbeganwithaChristmasgiftfromhismother,aPurpleHeartwiththenameCorradoA.G.Piccoli,foundinanantiqueshop.ZacknowsthemeaningofaPurpleHeart—heearnedonehimselfinawarasasoldier.Sowhenhismothergavehimthemedal,heknewrightawaywhathehadtodo.ThroughtheInternet,ZactrackeddownCorrado’ssisterAdelineRockko.Butwhenhefinallyreachedher,thewomanfloodedhimwithquestions:“Whoareyou?Whatantiqueshop?”However,whenshehungup,sheregrettedthewayshehadhandledthecall.SoshecalledZacbackandapologized.SoonshedrovetomeetZacinWatertown,N.Y.“Atthatpoint,Iknewshemeantbusiness,”Zacsays.“Todriveeighthourstocometoseeme.”ThePiccolisgrewupthechildrenofItalianimmigrantsinWatertown.Corrado,atranslatorfortheArmyduringWWII,waskilledinactioninEurope.BeforehearingfromZac,Adelinehadn’trealizedthemedalwasmissing.Likemanymilitarymedals,theoneZac’smotherhadfoundwasafamilytreasure.“Thismedalwasveryprecioustomyparents.Onlyonspecialoccasions(場合)wouldtheytakeitoutandletusholditinourhands,”Adelinesays.Asachild,Adelinecouldn’tunderstandwhythemedalwassosignificant.“ButasIgrewolder,”Adelinesays,“andmissedmybrothermoreandmore,Irealizedthatwastheonlythingwehadleft.”CorradoPiccoli’sPurpleHeartmedalnowhangsattheItalianAmericanCivicAssociationinWatertown.ZacrecentlyreturnedanotherlostmedaltoafamilyinAlabama.SincehefirstreunitedCorrado’smedal,Zacsayshisrecordisnow5for5.21.WheredidZacgetaPurpleHeartmedalforhimself？A.Inthearmy.B.Inanantiqueshop.C.Fromhismother.D.FromAdelineRockko.22.WhatdidZacrealizewhenAdelinedrovetomeethim?A.Shewasveryimpolite.B.Shewasseriousaboutthemedal.C.Shesuspectedhishonesty.D.Shecamefromawealthyfamily.23.WhatmadeAdelinetreasurethePurpleHeart?A.Herparents’advice.B.Herknowledgeofantiques.C.Herchildhooddream.D.Hermemoryofherbrother.Passage2（2019·上海卷，C）Everythingaboutnuclearenergyseemsterrificallybig:thecost,constructionanddecommissioning—andthefearsofsomethinggoingbadlywrong.Thefuture,howevermaywellbemuchsmaller.Dozensofcompaniesareworkingonanewgenerationofreactorsthat,theypromise,candelivernuclearpoweratlowercostandreducedrisk.Thesesmall-scaleplantswillonaveragegeneratebetween50MWand300MWofpowercomparedwiththe1,000MW-plusfromaconventionalreactor.Theywilldrawonmodularmanufacturingtechniquesthatwillreduceconstructionrisk,whichhasplaguedlarger-scaleprojects.Supportersbelievetheseadvancedmodularreactors(AMRs)—mostofwhichwillnotbecommercialuntilthe2030s—arecriticalifatomicpoweristocompeteagainsttherapidlyfallingcostsofsolarandwind.“Thephysicshasn’tchanged.It’saboutmuchclevererdesignthatoffersmuch-neededflexibilityintermsofoperation,”saidTimStone,long-termindustryadviserandchairmanofNuclearriskInsurers,whichinsuresnuclearsitesintheUK.SincetheFukushimameltdowninJapanin2011,safetyfearshavethreatenednuclearpower.Butthebiggestobstacletodayiseconomic.InwesternEurope,justthreeplantsareunderconstruction:intheUKatHinkleypointCinSomerset;atFlamanvilleinFrance;andatOlkiluotoinFinland.AllinvolvetheEuropeanPressurizedReactortechnologyofEDFthatwillbeusedatHinkleyPoint.Allarerunningyearslateandoverbudget.IntheUS,thefirsttwonuclearprojectsunderwayforthepast30yearsarealsoblowingthroughcostestimates.TheUK,whichopenedtheworld’sfirstcommercialnuclearreactorin1956,isoneofthefewwesternnationscommittedtorenewingitsageingfleettoensureenergysecurityandmeettoughcarbonreductiontargets.Itisseenasaprovingground,bymanyintheindustry,ofnuclearpower’sabilitytorestoreconfidence.However,thecountry’sagreementwithEDFtobuildtwounitsatHinkleyPoint—whichtogetherwillgenerate3.2GWofelectricity—hascomeunderseverecriticismoveritscost.Thegovernmentislookingatdifferentfundingmodelsbutsaiditstillseesnuclearpowerasvitaltothecountry’sfutureenergymix.Smallreactors,itbelieves,havethepotentialtogeneratemuch-neededpowerfromthe2030s.Anuclearsectordeal,unveiledlastmonth,promisedupto￡56minfundingforresearchanddevelopmentintoAMRsandattractedinterestofstart-upsfromaroundtheworld.ThegovernmenthopesthefundingwillgivetheUKaleadintheglobalracetodevelopthesetechnologies,helpingtoprovideenergysecuritywhilealsocreatingamultibillion-dollarexportmarketforBritishengineeringcompanies.63.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheadvancedmodularreactors(AMRs)?A.AMRsproducemorepowerthantraditionalreactors.B.Smallinscale,AMRsrosemoresafetyrisks.C.Sofar,mostAMRshavenotbeenputintouseyet.D.GovernmentspreferenergyofsolarandwindtothatofAMRs.64.Inparagraph5,theauthormentionstheplantsinWesternEuropeandtheUSto________.A.provethatnuclearpowerhasbeenthreatenedbysafetyconcernB.showthattheconstructionofnuclearpowerplantscostmorethanthebudgetavailableC.indicatetheconstructionofnuclearplantsareslowinspeedD.pointoutthatmostpowerplantshaveadoptedthelatestnucleartechnology65.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Somepeoplehavelostconfidenceinthedevelopmentofnuclearplants.B.TheUKgovernmentseekstoreducethenegativeimpactofnuclearpoweronitseconomy.C.TheplantobuildtwopowerplantsinHinkleyPointhasbeendeserted.D.akindcostsforsmallmodularreactorswouldbehigherrelativetolargenuclearreactors.66.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthispassage?A.BritaincountsonnuclearenergytokeeplightsonB.TraditionalnuclearplantsboomwithminireactorsC.Nuclear’sshareofpowergenerationremainsteadD.NuclearpowerlookstoshrinkitswaytosuccessPassage3（2019·北京卷，C）Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺詐).Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”(解決方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it’snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou’rehearingisactuallyreal.That’sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(處理)andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear’sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches(數(shù)據(jù)侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,trickingyouinto“confirming”youraddress,mother’sname,andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.38.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobocalls?A.Panicked.

B.Confused.

C.Embarrassed.

D.Disappointed.39.Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammercan________.A.aimatvictimsprecisely

B.damagedatabaseseasilyC.startcampaignsrapidly

D.spreadinformationwidely40.Whatdoesthepassageimply?A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.B.Technologiescanbedouble-edged.C.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.D.Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.41.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedB.WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocallsC.WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousD.HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnologyPassage4（2018·全國新課標(biāo)，C）Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren’slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtothereport’skeyfindings,“theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2-8,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建議)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom(逼近)ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.28.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?A.Children’sreadinghabits.B.Qualityofchildren’sbooks.C.Children’safter-classactivities.D.Parent-childrelationships.29.Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports“childrenarereadingalotlessforfun”?A.Inparagraph2.

B.Inparagraph3.C.Inparagraph4.

D.Inparagraph5.30.Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?A.E-booksareofpoorquality.B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C.Itmayharmchildren’shealth.D.E-readersareexpensive.31.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?A.Actasrolemodelsforthem.B.Askthemtowritebookreports.C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.二、對點專練Passage1Pleasetakeafewsecondsandthinkofyourpersonalbiggestgoal.Imaginetellingsomeoneyoumeettodaywhatyou’regoingtodo.Imaginetheircongratulationsandtheirhighimageofyou.Doesn’titfeelgoodtosayitoutloud?Don’tyoufeelonestepcloseralready?Well,badnews:youshouldhavekeptyourmouthshut,becausethatgoodfeelingwillmakeyoulesslikelytodoit.Anytimeyouhaveagoal,thereissomeworkthatneedstobedonetoachieveit.Ideally,youwouldnotbesatisfieduntilyou’dactuallydonethework.Butwhenyoutellsomeoneyourgoalandheacknowledges(認(rèn)可)it,psychologistshavefoundit’scalleda“socialreality”.Themindiskindoftrickedintofeelingthatit’salreadydone.Andthen,becauseyou’vefeltthatsatisfaction,you’relessmotivatedtodotheactualhardworknecessary.Thisgoesagainstthetraditionalwisdomthatweshouldtellourfriendsourgoals,right?In1982,PeterGollwitzer,aProfessorofPsychology,wroteawholebookaboutthis.Andin2009,hedidsomenewteststhatwerepublished.Itgoeslikethis:163peopleacrossfourseparatetests—everyonewrotedowntheirpersonalgoal.Thenhalfofthemannouncedtheircommitment(許諾)tothisgoaltotheroom,andhalfdidn’t.Theneveryonewasgiven45minutesofworkthatwoulddirectlyleadthemtowardstheirgoal,buttheyweretoldthattheycouldstopatanytime.Nowthosewhokepttheirmouthsshutworkedtheentire45minutesonaverage,andwhenaskedafterwards,saidtheyfelttheyhadalongwaytogotoachievetheirgoal.Butthosewhohadannounceditquitafteronly33minutesonaverage,andwhenaskedafterwards,saidthattheyfeltmuchclosertoachievingtheirgoal.1.Whatdothewords“socialreality”inParagraph2mean?A.Completionofthegoal.B.Necessaryhardwork.C.People’sacknowledgement.D.Asenseofsatisfaction.2.WhatdoesPeterGollwitzertrytotellus?A.Writingdownthegoalisveryhelpful.B.Achievingpersonalgoalneedsmoretime.C.Keepingthegoalsecretmakespeopleworkharder.D.Makingthegoalpublicmakespeoplelesssatisfied.3.HowdidPeterGollwitzerprovehisideaaboutpeople’sgoal?A.Bygivingfigures.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bymakingasurvey.D.Bymakingcomparisontests.4.Whatwillprobablyhappenifyoutellyourfriendsyourgoal?A.Youwillbemoreconfident.B.Youwillnotgainsatisfaction.C.Youarelesslikelytorealizeit.D.You’llbemuchmoremotivated.Passage2Increasingnumbersofairports,especiallyinEurope,arepromotinga“silentairport”idea.Itistoreducenoisepollution,suchasairport-wideannouncements,withoutsacrificingtimelyandhelpfulupdatesofinformation.Internationalairportswereoncecharacterizedbytheirhighvoices,competinggateannouncementsandsoon.Thisisallchanging.AngelaGittens,directorgeneralofAirportsCouncilInternational(ACI),saysthereisagrowingdesireamongairportsandairlinestheyservetocreateacalm,relaxedatmospherewithoutbeingdisturbedbyannouncements.“Passengerscanrelaxwhiletheywaitfortheirflighttoboardinthecommonairsidelounges(休閑區(qū)),andfoodanddrinkareas,”shesays.InJune,HelsinkiAirportinFinland—acountrywherethetourismslogan(口號)is“silence,please”—becamethemostrecentairporttoadoptthesilentconcept.Aspartofitscommitmenttoquietingthingsdown,announcementsforflightsaremadeonlyinboardinggateareas.Losttrackoftimeintheshops?Toobad.Nobody’sgoingtocallyoutoyourflight,asannouncementsinallterminalswillbemadeonlyinexceptional(尤其)emergencycircumstances.HeikkiKoski,vicepresidentofHelsinkiAirport,saysthatimprovedflightinformationdisplaysystemandinteractivekiosks(交互式自助服務(wù)機(jī)),togetherwithadvancesinmobiletechnology,arechangingthewayairportscommunicatewithpassengers.AtMunichairport,InfoGatekiosksallowforvideo-basedface-to-faceconversationwithalivecustomerservicerepresentativeinthetraveler’slanguageofchoice.Interactivesigns,ontheotherhand,givedirectionsatthetouchoffinger.Passengerscantapa“youarehere”displaytogetdirectionsandapproximatewalkingtimetotheirdestinations.Ofcourse,anairportwillneverbeassilentasatemple.Therewillcontinuetobeaneedforairport-wideemergencyannouncementsalongwithboardingcalls.Butatsilentairports,thelattercanberestrictedtospecificgates,ashasadoptedinHelsinki.5.WhatisAngelaGittens’opiniononthesilentairportconcept?A.Itmakesairportnoise-free.B.Itisintendedforpassengers’benefit.C.Ithaschangedinternationalairports’reputation.D.Ithasencouragedthecateringindustryinairports.6.WhatshouldpassengerspaycloseattentiontoatHelsinkiAirport?A.Theirboardingtime.B.Finland’stourismslogan.C.Theshop’sopeninghours.D.The“youarehere”display.7.WhyisMunichAirportmentionedinthetext?A.Toshowitspopularity.B.TointroduceInfogatekiosks.C.ToproveHeikkiKoski’swords.D.TobecomparedwithHelsinkiAirport.8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Silence,please.Thisisanairport.B.Canairportsbeasquietastemples?C.Silentairportsallaroundtheworld.D.Technologyhelpsairportsbecomeinteractive.Passage3September8,2017,wasanexcitingdateforKateyWalterAnthony.Onthiscool,windlesseveningshefirstvisitedAlaska’sLakeEsieh.Fewpeoplevisitthisremoteareaofwilderness,coveredbyfrozengroundwithsprucetrees.Thousandsoflakesdottheregion.ButWalterAnthonyquicklyrealizedthatthislakewasstrange.Asherboatmovedacrossit,shecametoaplacewherethewaterseemedtobeboiling.Thewaterwasn’twarm.Bubblesofallsizesstreamedup,poppingatthesurface.Onebubble,aslargeasasoftball,gaveoffaloudsoundasitburst.Thebubbles,whichrosewithsuchforcethattheyslowlypushedherboattotheside,coveredapartofthelakelargerthanafootballfield.WalterAnthonyleanedovertheedgeoftheboatandcollectedsomebubblesinabottle.Thenshestruckamatchandopenedthebottletoreleasethegasshehadjustcollected.Thegascaughtfire!Thefiredancingoverthebottleconfirmedherbelief.Itshowedthatthelakewasflowingoutagascalledmethane(甲烷).Eachmolecule(CH4)containsoneatomofcarbonbondedtofouratomsofhydrogen.Asastronggreenhousegas,itcanabsorbradiationfromthesun,warmingtheatmosphere.Methane,alongwithcarbondioxide,isamajorsourceofglobalwarming.ScientistsbelievethattheArcticcouldreleaselargeamountsofmethaneoverthenext100years.Someofthemworrythatthismethanewillcausetheworldtowarmmorequicklythantheyhadpredicted.WalterAnthonyhasspentnearly20yearstryingtounderstandthisthreat.SheistryingtomeasurehowmuchmethaneiscomingoutofwarmingArcticlakes.Andtoher,LakeEsiehcouldbeawarning.Ifotherlakesrespondthesameway,theArcticcouldbepoisedtoflowoutfarmoremethanethananyonehadexpected.“Wedon’tevenknowhowmuchgasisdownthere,”shesays.“It’sawildcard.”9.WhyisLakeEsiehconsideredstrange?A.Thewaterthereisboiling.B.Itislocatedinaremotearea.C.Bubblestheregiveoffaloudsound.D.Itisflowingoutagasthatcancatchfire.10.Whateffectdoesthegasfromthelakehaveontheenvironment?A.ItwarmsthewateroftheArcticlakes.B.ItpollutesthefreshairintheArctic.C.IttakesinthesunlightandholdstheArcticice.D.Itabsorbscarbondioxideandgivesoffoxygen.11.HowdoesWalterAnthonyfeelaboutthegasmethane?A.Itisamusing.B.Itisbeneficial.C.Itisablessing.D.Itisathreat.12.Wheremightthistextcomefrom?A.Asciencefiction.B.Atouristbrochure.C.Asciencereport.D.Ageographytextbook.Passage4Whenmenandwomentakepersonalitytests,someoftheoldMars-Venusstereotypes(定式)keepreappearing.Onaverage,womenaremorecooperative,kind,cautiousandemotionallyenthusiastic.Mentendtobemorecompetitive,confident,rudeandemotionallyflat.Cleardifferencesappearinearlychildhoodandneverdisappear.What’snotclearistheoriginofthesedifferences.Evolutionarypsychologiststhinkthatthesearenaturalfeaturesfromancienthuntersandgatherers.Anotherschoolofpsychologistsarguesthatbothsexes’personalitieshavebeenshapedbytraditionalsocialroles,andthatpersonalitydifferenceswillshrinkaswomenspendlesstimetakingcareofchildrenandmoretimeinjobsoutsidethehome.Totestthesehypotheses(假設(shè)),aseriesofresearchteamshaverepeatedlyanalyzedpersonalityteststakenbymenandwomeninmorethan60countriesaroundtheworld.Forevolutionarypsychologists,thebadnewsisthatthesizeofthegendergapinpersonalityvariesamongcultures.Forsocial-rolepsychologists,thebadnewsisthatthechangeisgoinginthewrongdirection.ItlooksasifpersonalitydifferencesbetweenmenandwomenaresmallerintraditionalcultureslikeIndia’sorZimbabwe’sthanintheNetherlandsortheUnitedStates.Ahusbandandastay-at-homewifeinapatriarchal(男權(quán)的)Botswananclan(部族)seemtobemorealikethanaworkingcoupleinDenmarkorFrance.ThemoreVenusandMarshaveequalrightsandsimilarjobs,themoretheirpersonalitiesseemtoseparate.Thesefindingsaresounbelievablethatsomeresearchershavearguedtheymustbeduetocross-culturalproblemswiththepersonalitytests.Butaccordingtonewdatafrom40.000menandwomenonsixcontinents,DavidP.Schmittandhiscolleaguesconcludethatthetrendsarereal.Dr.Schmitt,apsychologistatBradleyUniversityinIllinoisandthedirectoroftheInternationalSexualityDescriptionProject,suggeststhataswealthymodernsocietieslevel(使平等)thebarriersbetweenwomenandmen,someancientinternaldifferencesarebeingdeveloped.Thebiggestchangesrecordedbytheresearchersinvolvethepersonalitiesofmen,notwomen.Menintraditionalagriculturalsocietiesandpoorercountriesseemmorecautiousandanxious,lessconfidentandlesscompetitivethanmeninthemostprogressiveandrichcountriesofEuropeandNorthAmerica.Toexplainthesedifferences,Dr.SchmittandhispartnersfromAustriaandEstoniapointtothehardshipsoflifeinpoorercountries.Theynotethatinsomeotherspecies,environmentalstresstendstoextremelyaffectthelargersex.And,theysay,thereareexamplesofstressdecreasingbiologicalsexdifferencesinhumans.13.Accordingtopersonalitytests,thedifferencesbetweenmenandwomenbegintoexist________.A.occasionallyandtemporarilyB.randomlyandforeverC.regularlyandconstantlyD.earlyandpermanently14.WhatisstatedinParagraph2istoindicate________.A.psychologistshavenowaytoknowtheoriginofthedifferencesB.expertsfightagainstoneanotherC.theexplanationforthedifferencesisopentotestsD.womenwillsolvetheproblemofthepersonalitydifferences15.Nowresearcherstendtobelievethatthedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen________.A.originatefromancienthuntersandgatherersB.areshapedbytraditionalsocialrolestheyplayC.areaffectedbytraditionalculturesD.varyfromoneculturetoanother16.WhatcanbeinferredaboutDr.Schmitt?A.Hedoesn’trecognizethefindingsabove.B.Hethinkssocialenvironmentcontributestosomeinternaldifferences.C.Hebelieveswealthywomenandmenareequal.D.Hehasnoexamplestoexplainthedifferencesatall.答案一、真題在線Passage1（2019·浙江卷，A）【答案】21-23ABD【解析】這是一篇記敘文。ZachariahFike有一個不同尋常的愛好：他在網(wǎng)上和古董店里尋找舊的軍隊勛章，然后將這些勛章歸還它們的原主人（及其家人）。文章主要敘述了他這一愛好的原由。21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ZacknowsthemeaningofaPurpleHeart—heearnedonehimselfinawarasasoldier.Sowhenhismothergavehimthemedal,heknewrightawaywhathehadtodo.”可知，當(dāng)Zac還是一名士兵的時候，在一次戰(zhàn)爭中他獲得了一枚PurpleHeart。故A項正確。22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Todriveeighthourstocometoseeme.”可以推知，Adeline為了那枚PurpleHeart開車八個小時來見Zac，由此可知，她對于這件事是認(rèn)真地。故B選項正確。23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Corrado,atranslatorfortheArmyduringWWII,waskilledinactioninEurope.”和倒數(shù)第三段中的“‘ButasIgrewolder,’Adelinesays,‘a(chǎn)ndmissedmybrothermoreandmore,Irealizedthatwastheonlythingwehadleft.’”可知，這枚勛章寄托了Adeline對于去世的哥哥Corrado的回憶和思念，這是他們家留下的唯一關(guān)于哥哥的東西了。因此她很珍惜這枚勛章。故D選項正確。Passage2（2019·上海卷，C）【答案】63-66CBAD【解析】本文屬于新聞，主要講述當(dāng)前核能開發(fā)存在耗資巨大和泄漏風(fēng)險的問題，因此人們正對這種技術(shù)失去信心，但是由于新的核能發(fā)電方式AMRs的出現(xiàn)，可能會扭轉(zhuǎn)這種情況63.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Supportersbelievetheseadvancedmodularreactors(AMRs)—mostofwhichwillnotbecommercialuntilthe2030s—arecriticalifatomicpoweristocompeteagainsttherapidlyfallingcostsofsolarandwind.可知，大多數(shù)AMRs需要到21世紀(jì)30年代才能商業(yè)化使用，也就是說現(xiàn)在還沒有投入使用，故選C。64.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“AllinvolvetheEuropeanPressurizedReactortechnologyofEDFthatwillbeusedatHinkleyPoint.Allarerunningyearslateandoverbudget.IntheUS,thefirsttwonuclearprojectsunderwayforthepast30yearsarealsoblowingthroughcostestimates.”可知，所有的核電站都沒有按期投入使用，也超出預(yù)算，故選B。65.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Itisseenasaprovingground,bymanyintheindustry,ofnuclearpower’sabilitytorestoreconfidence.”可知，這可以被看作是一個恢復(fù)對核能利用的信心的試驗場，由此可知，很多人對核能的發(fā)展失去了信心，故選A。66.主旨大意題。本文主要講述當(dāng)前核能開發(fā)存在耗資巨大和泄漏風(fēng)險的問題，因此人們正對這種技術(shù)失去信心，但是由于新的核能發(fā)電方式AMRs的出現(xiàn)，可能會扭轉(zhuǎn)這種情況。故可知，本文標(biāo)題為D選項，核能通往成功的路越來越窄，故選D。Passage3（2019·北京卷，C）【答案】38-41DABC【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章指出語音操作與自動化技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)使得機(jī)器人電話可以以假亂真，欺詐現(xiàn)象更加嚴(yán)重，解決這個問題需要電話運營商和消費者共同努力。38.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”(解決方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.”可知，我們認(rèn)識到了問題的嚴(yán)重性，支持和開發(fā)了旨在防止欺詐者通過的工具、應(yīng)用程序和方法。不幸的是，我們的努力太少了，也太晚了。在這些“解決方案”被廣泛使用的時候，騙子將轉(zhuǎn)移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者認(rèn)為這些“解決辦法”對于解決問題起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故D選項正確。39.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches(數(shù)據(jù)侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,trickingyouinto“confirming”youraddress,mother’sname,andcardnumber.”可知，機(jī)器人通話之所以令人頭痛，與其說與數(shù)量有關(guān)，不如說與精確度有關(guān)。長達(dá)十年的個人信息泄露已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了這樣一種情況：騙子可以輕易地知道你母親的名字，甚至更多。有了這些知識，他們就能夠開展有針對性的活動來欺騙人們。根據(jù)這些可知，利用這種新的技術(shù)，欺詐者們可以